初中虚拟语气讲解课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grammar,the Subjunctive Mood,虚 拟 语 气,英语动词有三种语气:,陈述语气,，,祈使语气,和,虚拟语气,陈述语气,：用来表示所说的话是事实或提出疑问，广泛用语陈述句，疑问句和感叹句。,祈使语气,：表示所说的话是请求，命令，指示或劝告等。,虚拟语气,：,表示说话人的所说的话,不是事实,，,一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在,条件从句,中或,让步状语从句,中)；,一种表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在,宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,)。,Eg,:We met in this room.,陈述语气,Do come to the meeting next Friday.,祈使语气,If I were you,I would study hard.,虚拟语气,一：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法,.,条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。,真实条件句,所表的假设是可能发生或实现的,是与事实相符的。,非真实条件句,所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，与事实相反的情况。,If it is fine tomorrow,I will go to visit my grandma.,If I were a bird,I would fly to America.,一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中,与,过去,事实相反的假设,与,现在,相反的假设,与,将来,相反的假设,虚拟条件句,主句,If+,主语+,过去式,（,be,用,were),If+,主语+,had+,过去分词,If+,主语+过去式,（,be,用,were),If+,主语+,were to+,动词原形,If+,主语+,should+,动词原形,主语,would,动词原形,(should/could/might),主语,would,动词原形,(should/could/might),主语,wouldhave,+,动词过去分词,(should/could/might),动词形式,时间,从句,主句,与,现在事实相反,动词过去式（,be,的过去式一般用,were,）,would,should +,动词原形,could,might,与,过去事实相反,had+,过去分词,would,should have+,过去分词,could,might,与,将来事实,可能相反,动词过去式,/should+,动词原形,were to,动词原形,would,should +,动词原形,could,might,I,would,buy an expensive,car,.,I,would,buy a villa.,I,would,travel around the,world.,If I,won the lottery,现在事实相反,If I _time last night,I _ to see the film with you.,had had,would have gone,过去事实相反,If he,_,more carefully,he _ the car accident yesterday,.,had driven,would not have had,Mark:100,I _,a party for you.,should get,If you,_,_,_,got,Were to get,a full mark next time,将来时相反,would hold,If I,were,you,I,would give,AIDS patient a hug.,If I,had taken,your advice,I,wouldnt have made,a mistake.,If it,rained,tomorrow,they,wouldnt go,for an outing.,现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,与将来事实相反,要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了,。,If you,had come,a few minutes earlier,you would have met him.,明天要是天气好的话，我来看你,。,If it,were,sunny tomorrow,I would come to see you.,假如我是你的话，我会马上走。,与现在事实相反,If I were you,I would go at once.,与过去事实相反,与将来事实可能相反,PRACTICE 1,:,Fill in the blanks,.,a.If they _(be)here,they _(take)your advice.,b.If the world-war _(break)out again,what _(happen)to our people on earth?,c.If the policeman _(be not)in that room now,it _(be)very dangerous.,d.If I _(be)in your position,I _(ask)for teachers help.,were,would take,broke,would happen,were not,could be,were,would ask,PRACTICE 2:,Fill in the blanks,e.If Tom,_,(be)more careful in the,exam,he,_ _,(pass)it already.,f.If you,(get)up earlier,you,_ _,(catch)the first train.,g.If I,_,(meet)you yesterday,we,_ _,(go)to the concert together.,had been,would have passed,had got,would have caught,had met,would have gone,PRACTICE 3:,Fill in the blanks,If there,(be)no natural,resource any more,we,_,(make),use of nuclear power.,b.What,_,(happen)if you,_,(get up)too late tomorrow?,should be,would make,would happen,should get up,注意,1.,省略,if,的条件从句,当从句中有,were,had,或,should,时，可省略,if,，,而把它们放在,句首,再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行,全部倒装或部分倒装,。,If I,were to,meet him tomorrow,I should ask him about it.,Were,I to meet him tomorrow,If he,should fail,in the experiment this time,he would try again.,Should,he fail in the experiment,Had he worked harder,he would have passed the final examinations.,2,由,介词,或,介词,短语暗示的虚拟结构,常见的介词或介词短语有,without(,没有,),but for(,要不是,),Eg,:,Without,electricity,human life,would be,quite difficult today.,=If there were no electricity,Without,his advice,I,couldnt have done,it all by myself.,=If it hadnt been for his advice,But for,your help,I wouldnt have succeeded in doing this experiment.,=If it,hadnt been,for your help,But for,the meeting,I would have gone to your party last Saturday.,=If it,hadnt been for,the meeting,1.Without sunlight,or water or air,there _ no life on the earth.,A will have B would be C should be D must be,2 But for the snow,we _ earlier.,A will arrive B should have arrived,C arrive D arrived,二、虚拟语气用于宾语从句中,Wish,的宾语从句,现在：,过去：,未来,：,过去时（,were）,过去完成时,would/could/,might+V,.,I wish I,were,a bird,I wish I,hadnt made,such a mistake,We wish our parents,wouldnt punish,us.,用于宾语从句,I wish,从句结构,Example,与现在事实相反,一般过去式,I wish it,were,autumn now.,与过去事实相反,过去完成式,He wishes(wished)he,had not lost,the chance.,与将来事实相反,would+V.,原形,I wish you,would come,soon.,I wish I,were,as tall as you.,I wish I,became,as famous as Yao Ming.,I wish I,were,a bird.,I wish I,could,fly like a bird.,I wish every day,were,my birthday.,现在时,He wish he,hadnt,eaten so much watermelon.,I wish the lunch time,would come,soon.,I wish it,would,rain tomorrow.,过去时,将来时,Practice,1 He is not a pilot,but he wishes he_(be).,2.I wish I _(meet)him yesterday.,3.I wish it _(be)fine tomorrow.,4.A:You have made some mistakes.,B:I wish I _mistakes every day.,dont make,B.havent made,C.wouldnt have made,D.didnt make,2.I wish they _ in this ball game.,A would be succeeded B would be successful,C had been success D had been successful,3.He wished he _ more about the subject,so he could talk about it.,A had known B knew C would know D knows,4.How I wish I _ a doctor,and _ the dying girl.,A am,can save B was,saved,C were,could save D will be,will save,5.-What shall we do next?-I wish that Bill _ here.If he _ here,he would tell us what to do.,A has been,has been B would be,would be,C were,were D is,is,6.How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden!,A has B had C will have D had had,7.How I wish that I _ the moon sometime in the future.,A had visited B would visit C visited D will visit,2.,在表示建议，要求，命令的词,“,suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,command,request,desire”,后的宾语从句中：,“,(should)+,动词原形”,e.g,.I suggest that we,(should),set off at once.,I demanded that he,(should,)answer me immediately.,(,一个坚持,insist,，两个命令,order,command,，三个建议,advise,suggest,propose,四个要求,demand,require,request,desire),注：以上动词的名词形式用于同位语从句中，从句中的动词也是用“,(should)+,动词原形”,Practice:,I advised that the sick child _ a hospital as soon as possible.,A should sent to B should be sent,C be sent to D must be sent to,2 The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be 20 percent.,A be raised B would be raised,C raised D raise,3 The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules.A obeys,B obey C will obey D would obey,4.Janes pale face suggested that he _ ill,and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination.,A be,should have B was,have,C should be,had D was,has,5.-Do you know where he comes from?,-No,but his accent suggests that he _ from the south.,A was B should be C is D were,注意：,suggest,当表示,“暗示、表明讲时，,insist,表示”,坚持认为,“之意时，应用陈述语气。,Eg,:,The smile on his face suggested that he,was satisfied with,our work.,The man insisted that he,had never stolen,the money.,三用语表语从句和同位语从句,在,suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request/demand,等名词后的表语和同位语从句中,要用,“,should,动词原形”,should,可以省略,Eg,:My,suggestion,that we(should)have a meeting has been accepted by others.,We all agree to that,suggestion,that the meeting(should)be put off.,考题点击：,His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable.,A.try B.tries,C.must try D.can try,We are in favor of your,proposal,that the meeting _.,A.should be put off B.was put off,C.should put off D.is to put off,His,recommendation,was that an experienced sales manager _ to the branch company in Shanghai to take charge of the marketing there.,A.was sent B.send,C.be sent D.would be sent,3,.,Would rather that,宁愿,现在：,过去：,未来：,I would rather you,paid,me now.,I would rather you,had gone,too.,Dont come.I would rather you,came,tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,would prefer,表示一种,希望,和,委婉,的责备。,Eg,:I would prefer he,didnt stay,there too long next week.,我宁愿下周他不要在这待的太久。,四,.,用于主语从句中,1.,It is,necessary,important,strange,natural,impossible,/,surprising,+,that,从句。,从句,中的,谓语动词,用,should,+,动词原形,，,should,可以,省略,。,Eg,:,It is,necessary,that you(,should,),clean,the room after work.,It is,important,that we(,should,)master a foreign language.,It is,strange,that she,（,should,）,refuse to come to the party.,2.,It is,suggesteddesired,/,ordered/requested/,proposed/demanded,that,从句,从句,中的,谓语动词,用,should,+,动词,原形,，,should,可以,省略,Eg,:,It is,suggested,that the meeting,(should),be put off.,It is,ordered,that the work,(should),be done at once.,3.It is a,pity,a,shame,no,wonder,+that,从句,从句,中的,谓语动词,用,should,+,动词,原形,，,should,可以省略,省略,eg,:It is,a pity,that he should be so careless.,真可惜他竟然如此粗心,考题点击：,1.,Is it necessary that he _ the examination?,A.takes,B.has to take,C.must takeD.take,2.It is strange that he _ you this.,A.would tell,B.should tell,C.had told,D.has told,五、虚拟语气在其他从句中,It is(high/about)time that,“,到做,-,的时间了,.”,注意,:,should,不能省略,过去时,should+V,原,.,我们该去睡觉了。,Its time that we went to bed.,Its time that we should go to bed.,2.If only,引导的感叹句,“,要是该有多好啊,”,用法与,wish,相同,Eg,:,If only I,knew,the answer!,If only I,had seen,the film,yesterday!,“好象,”,3.,as,if/though,+Clause,与现在事实相反,用过去式,与过去事实相反,与将来事实相反,过去完成式,Would/could/might+,动词原形,1)as if/as though,连接表语从句,He talks as if he knew where she,was,.,He lookedas if,he,hadnt slept,for two days.,2)as if/as though,连接状语从 句,She looked after the boy,as if,he,were,her own son.,He speaks to us,as if,he,had been,there.,注意：如果表示的事情,可能会发生,，那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用,陈述语气,。,Eg,:It looks as if you,are,tired.,4.,在,In case,for fear that,和,lest,“,万一；惟恐,;,以免”,引导的状语 从句中，谓语动词多用,should动词原形,should,可省略,.,Eg,:I darent tell you what he did,for fear that,he should be angry with.,In case,I should fail,I would try again,I will not read aloud the book,lest,I should disturb you.,5.,在带有,even if/even though,“,即使,”,引导的让步状语从句中,动词形式与含有,非真实的条件句的虚拟语气相同,.,Eg,.Even if Lin Tao _(be)here,I should say the same thing.,Even though he _(be)ill,he would have gone to his office.,were,had been,2,错综条件虚拟语气,条件,从句谓语,动词发生的,时间,与主句所假设的谓语动词,不一致,谓语动词形式应做适当调整。,If you had followed my advice,you would be better,now,.,If you had studied hard,before,you would be a college student,now,.,If you had spoken to him,last time,you saw him,you would know what to do,now,.,判断是否虚拟,2.,判断虚拟类型,3.,判断虚拟时间,Pass!,虚拟语气应试对策,