（英语写作训练）.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语写作训练,Which composition feels more attractive,why?,书面表达,行文,语言,内容,书写,1.,审题（审格式，审人称，审时态）,2.,细列要点（预制语块）,3.,拓展成句（定句型）,4.,过度成段（选择过渡词）,5.,润色文句（提升作文档次）,6.,通读全文（作文成型）,Go over the writing steps,How to develop a paragraph?,Topic sentence,Supporting sentence,Conclusion sentence,一般说来,一个段落由三部分组成,:,主题句,扩展句和结论句,.,主题句提出的论述的主题,扩展句利用必要的细节对主题加以论证说明,结论句总结全文,在论证的基础上得出结论,.,他们相辅相成,构成一个完整的段落,.,有些段落还有过渡句,它起到段与段之间的顺利过渡,.,In my opinion,we had better buy an album for Mr.Li.First,an album is easier to be kept than a tape.A tape may be easily destroyed a few years later and does not work.Second,I think,the photos in the album can easily remind Mr.Li of his lovely students and the good days when he got together with us.,1.,主题句,1),主题句的位置,:,请找出段落的主题句,Albert Einstein,one of the worlds greatest scientists,failed in his university entrance exam on his first attempt.William Faulkner,one of Americas famous writers,never finished college because he could not pass his English courses.Sir Winston Churchill,who is considered one of the masters of the English language,was very poor in English during middle school.These few examples show that school does not always predict failure in life.,Karaok,which was invented by a Japanese,one of the greatest wonders of modern technology.Needless to say,Karaok is a good way of rest.You can learn a new song easily.Its also a good way to make your friends happy.Nearly every body has a chance to be a singing star.However,everything has two sides,so does Karaok.Its noisy to your neighbors.Besides,if you sing badly,they will feel uncomfortable.In fact,you are sure to make a sound pollution,2),写好主题句,有两条原则,1.,主题句要明确,句中须有一个词,词组,或从句让读者一目了然本段的确切主题,明确本段的重点或观点,.,例如,:This paragraph will talk about birds.,这句作为主题句就太笼统,不确切,.,试比较以下几句,下列几个主题句就确切地阐明了段落的主题,:,a.Birds have a great sense of direction.,b.Birds are suffering from air-pollution.,2.,主题句要概括,它陈述你要说明的重点和观点,句中必须包含有可扩展主题的词,词组或从句,.,它应该是你将进一步表明你的态度和看法的概括,.,同时,主题句有利于控制作者本人的主题的扩展,.,例如,:The young girl studied Chinese History.,该主题句未能概括主题的要点,则不利于下面的扩展,.,最好增添一个词或一个短语来修改这个句子,以便顺利地展开你的主题,.,例如,:,a.The young girl eagerly studied Chinese History.,b.The young girl found three reasons for studying Chinese History.,2.,下面各段没有主题句,请根据全段内容拟定一个主题句,.,1)_.For example teachers live by selling knowledge,philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort.Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money,it is very difficult to calculate the true value of services which people perform for us.The conditions of society are such that sills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at shop.Everyone has something to sell.,Everyone lives by selling something,.,2)_.,Before entering a house in Japan,it is a good manner to take off your shoes.In European countries even though shoes sometimes become very muddy,this is not done.A guest in a Chinese house never finishes a drink.He leaves a little to show that he has had enough.In a Malaysian house,too,a guest leaves a little food.In England,a guest always finishes a drink to show that he has enjoyed it.It seems that manners in different countries are never the same.,Different countries have different manners.,扩展句,扩展句的作用是丰富,支持,扩展主题句的内涵,.,他们是段落的血和肉,.,扩展句的表达形式是多种多样的,可以按时间或空间顺序,从整体到局部从局部到整体的方法叙述,描写,说明或议论,也可用比较,对比,比喻,推导,归纳,演绎的手段来展现,.,单一性,:,一个段落只说明一个问题,讲述一件事,扩展句必须紧紧地围绕着主题句,不偏离中心思想,.,通常对扩展句的要求有两个,:,单一性和连贯性,找出一个违背单一性的句子,.,China has made great progress in reducing its population growth.,China has already cut its rate of population growth by about one half since 1970.,It is wrong of the western governments to find fault with its policies of elimination(,根除,)of poverty.,China now urges each family to have no more than one child.,And it hopes to reach zero population growth,the number of birth equaling the number of death,by the year 2000.,连贯性,:,段落中各扩展句前后衔接,条理清楚,合乎逻辑,使读者很容易抓住段落的中心思想在议论文中,我们常会谈到首先,其次,然后,该如何表达,?,1)first,second,third,last,2)firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally,3)the first,the second,the third,the last,4)to begin with,then,furthermore,finally,5)to start with,next,in addition,/besides/whats more last but not least,6)on the one hand,on the other hand,7)for one thing,for another thing,范文,1,At present,some people like playing badminton in the square regardless of so many senior citizens and children.Perhaps,they regard the square as a playground.Something unfortunate would happen if things go on like this.,First of all,they would hurt others especially the old and the young because they focus on not passers-by but their own happiness while playing badminton.,Besides,，,they would speak and laugh loudly in the course.At the same time,what they do has a bad influence on the image of a city.,So,Id like to suggest that those who play badminton in the square think more of others instead of themselves and that stricter measures should be taken to stop this behavior from now on.,范文,2.After-class Activities,Nowadays,after-class activities are becoming more and more popular in high schools.In our school,there are various kinds of activities,for example,arts and sports.We enjoy them very much.Playing football and reading stories are my favorites which do me lots of good.Besides building my body and enriching my knowledge,they also free me from the heavy work of study.,Here I have some suggestion.To students,youd better choose the activities which interest you and suit you;to school,they should organize more activities for students and leave students more time for activities by giving them less home work.,Dear friends,please actively take part in after-class activities,which will not only make your school life colorful,but also improve your learning.,结论句,结论句并非必不可少,但它能起到以下的作用,:,(1),表示段落的结束,(2),总结要点,与,主题句,相呼应,(3),供读者就本段落的主要内容和见解有个深刻的 印象或进行思考,结论句,:(,推荐,),1.(,主题句,:Life is limited,but knowledge is boundless.),结尾句,:,One is never too old to learn,2.(,主题句,:Books are full of knowledge and wisdom.),结尾句,:,Why shouldnt we read more books to search more and use them to develop our splendid future?,饮食健康,指各种食物食品、汤水饮料的介绍、健康饮食、绿色食品、饮食文化、快餐、饮食习惯与喜好、订餐与供给；健身与锻炼、保健、个人卫生、各种疾病与防治、意外事故、医疗保险，财富与健康等等。,课标解读,基础写作：,介绍某种食物；流感的预防措施；近视,/,肥胖的现状、成因与预防；怎样实施急救；订餐,(,叫外卖）的各种方式；早餐的重要性；健康饮食的基本做法；介绍中国饮食文化；养成健康饮食习惯之前与之后的对比；学生对体重的看法；睡眠与健康；吸烟与健康；酗酒与健康；饮食与情绪；心理健康的重要性；绿色食品的基本概念；介绍一种医疗保险等。,读写任务：请以吸烟与健康为题,写一篇短文，阐述你对吸烟对身体所产生的危害（至少三点），并向青少年作出合理的建议。,命题预测,请以“,吸烟,的危害”为题写一篇,120,字左右的文章，对吸烟的人给出至少两条戒烟的理由以及如何戒烟。,要求：行文流畅；内容得体；建议合理,Phrases Input (,预制语块,),Writing a passage by group cooperation,1,）危害健康,do harm to ones health /be harmful to ones health,2,）导致，造成,lead to/result in,3,）浪费钱,a waste of money,4,）污染源,a source of pollution,5,）养成健康的习惯,form other health habits,Sentences Input (,句型,),Writing a passage by group cooperation,1.Smoking cigarettes is very harmful to our health.,2.Smoking itself is a waster.,3.Smoking is a source of pollution.,4.The smoker should get support from his relatives or close friends.,5.The smoker should form other health habits.,Smoking cigarettes is very harmful to our health.Studies show that smoking can leads to cancer and other health problems.In addition to health problems,there are other reasons to give up smoking.Firstly,cigarette is very expensive,so smoking itself is a waster.secondly,smoking leaves an offensive odor.Non-smokers dont like to be at around the smoker.Thirdly,smoking is a source of pollution.These are all good reasons to give up smoking.,However,it is not easy to give up smoking,yet it can be done.First,a smoker may list the disadvantages of smoking,which will be very helpful for him to give it up.Then,the smoker should get support from his relatives or close friends.Last but not least,the smoker should form other health habits,such as fishing and reading,which will take the smokers mind off smoking.,Items,自评,小组评,教师评,A,B,C,A,B,C,A,B,C,Warming up,Discussion,Pre-writing,Writing,Comment,小组总体评价,教师评语,评价说明：在相应的栏目下打“”，总评等级由教师填写,