句子成分basicsentencestructures.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Discovering useful structures,basic sentence structures,名词,（,noun,）,词类,（,Part of Speech,）,冠词（,article,）,代词（,pronoun,）,数词,（,numeral,）,形容词,（,adjective,）,感叹词,(interjection),副词,(adverb),动词,（,verb,）,介词,(preposition),连词（,conjunction,）,头脑风暴,举例,子,比如生活中的例子：,n.,教室，,主语subject,）,句子,基本,成分,part of sentence,宾语（,object,）,定语,（,attribute,）,状语,(adverbial),表语（,predicative,）,谓语,（,predicate,）,补语,（,complement,）,主语（,subject,）,句子,的主体，全句述说的对象。表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。,主语可由,名词、代词、不定式短语、动名词、名词化的形容词、主语从句和以,it,为形式主语,。,subject,1.During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.,2.We often speak English in class.,3.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.,4.Smoking does harm to the health.,名词,代,词,不定式短语,(to do),动名词（,V-ing),subject,5.The rich should help the poor.,6.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.,7.It is necessary to master a foreign language.,名词化的形容词,主语从句,it,为形式主语,谓语（,predicate,）,Children,like playing games,.,2,.,They,were talking about a new film,.,说明,主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”,。通常,由,动词或动词短语,结合时态、语态、语气等充当,。,要弄清两个概念：,及物动词,vt,：,后面,直接接宾语,的动词；,不及物动词,vi,：,后面,不能直接接宾语,的动词。,宾语（,object,）,(,双宾语：直接宾语,and,间接宾语）,宾语表示,动作的对象或承受者,，一般位于,及物动词,或介词,后面。,宾语可由,名词、代词、数词、名词化的,形容词、不定式,短语、,动名词、从句,等表示。,object,1.They went to see an exhibition yesterday.,2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.,3.-How many dictionaries do you have?,-I have five.,4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.,名词,代,词,数词,名词化的形容词,object,5.He pretended not to see me.,6.I enjoy listening to popular music.,7.I think(that)he is fit for his office.,不定式,短语,(,to do),动名词（,V-ing,）,从句,提示：,双宾语,eg:Mr.Smith lent me his car.,主谓间宾直宾,Mr.Smith lent his car to me.,主谓直宾,to/for,间宾,定语（,attribute,）,用来,修饰、限定、说明,名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。它是,用来,修饰、限定、说明,名词或代词的词。主要有,形容词,此外还有,名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句,或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以做定语。,attribute,1.Guilin is a beautiful city.,2.China is a developing country;America is a developed country.,3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.,4.His rapid progress in English made me surprised.,形容,词,现在分词,过去分词,数词,介词短语做后置定语,attribute,5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.,6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.,7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.,8.The man who is speaking is our English teacher.,不定式,短语,(,to,do),介词短语,句,子,从句,状语（,adverbial,）,用来,修饰,动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，,说明动作或状态特征的,句子成分，叫做状语。说明,时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的,等。状语可由,介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、副词、状语从句等表示。,adverbial,I will be back,in a while,.,They are playing,on the playground,.,He was late,because he got up late,.,He got up so late,that I missed the train,.,I waited,to see you,.,He often went to school,by bus,.,His parents died,leaving him an orphan,.,Please call me,if it is necessary,.,This book is,very,interesting.,adverbial,John,often,came,to chat with me,As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.,She is sitting,at the desk,doing her homework.,My father worked,in this school ten years ago.,Though he is young,he knows a lot.,He came,running.,(,程度 目的,),（地点 伴随）,（地点 时间）,（让步）,(,原因,),（方式）,adverbial,1.Light travels most quickly.,2.He has lived in the city for ten years.,3.He is proud to have passed the examination.,4.Once you begin,you must continue.,副词及副词性短语词组,介词短语,不定式,时间状语从句,补语（,complement,）,用来,补充说明,主语或者宾语。,宾,补可由,名词、形容词、副词、不定式短语、现在分词、介词短语、从句,来担当。,宾补,1.His father named him Daming.,2.They painted their boat white.,3.Let the fresh air in.,4.You shouldnt force him to lend his money to you.,名词,形容词,副词,不定式,宾补,5.We saw her entering the room.,6.We found everything in the lab in good order.,7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.,现在分词,介词短语,名词,性从句做补语,直接宾语，间接宾语，宾语补足语,His father named him Daming.,Daming,是对,him,的一个补充说明。,Lend me your dictionary,please.,me,和,your dictionary,是两个独立的事物。,主谓宾语宾补,谓语间宾直宾,表语（,predicative,）,用来表示,主语的特征、状态、身份,等。,表语,常由,名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、不定式、从句,来充当，它常位于,系动词,（,be,become,appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell,等词）之后。,predicative,1.Our teacher of English is an American.,2.Is it yours,?,3.The weather has turned cold.,4.The speech is exciting.,名词,代词,形容词,动名词,5.His job is to teach English.,6.The machine must be out of order.,3.Time is up.The class is over.,4.The truth is that he has never been abroad.,不定式,介词短语,副词,从句,试一试：划分一下下列句子的成分,1.I want to make a good first impression.,2.I just had my first maths class at senior high school!,3.He even told us a funny story,and everyone laughed so much!,4.I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.,5.,I was worried that no one would talk to me.,6.There is a lot to explore at senior high school.,7.Tomorrow will be a great day!,8.Her fisrt impression was that English was difficult and people spoke too quickly,but soon she sound that if she concentrated on the ideas,not the single words,she could understand!,试一试：划分一下下列句子的成分,1.I want to make a good first impression.,2.I just had my first maths class at senior high school!,试一试：划分一下下列句子的成分,1.,I,want to make,a good first impression,.,主 谓 宾,2.,I,just,had,my first maths class,at senior high school,!,主 状 谓 宾 状,3.He even told us a funny story,and everyone,laughed so much4.I found most of my classmates and teachers,friendly and helpful.,3,.,He,even,told,us,a funny story,and,everyone,主 状 谓 间宾 直宾 主,laughed,so much,!,谓 状 【双宾语】,4.,I,found,most of my classmates and teachers,主 谓 宾,friendly and helpful,.,宾补 【复合宾语】,5.I was worried that no one would talk to me.,6.There is a lot to explore at senior high school.,7.Tomorrow will be a great day!,5.,I,was,worried,that no one would talk to me,.,主 系 表 状（原因状语）,6.,There is,a lot to explore at senior high school.,There be,句型,7.,Tomorrow,will be,a great day,!,主 系 表,8.Her fisrt impression was that English was difficult and people spoke too quickly,but soon she sound that if she concentrated on the ideas,not the single words,she could understand!,8.,Her fisrt impression,was,that,English,was,difficult,主 系 主 系 表,and,people,spoke,too quickly,but,soon,she,f,ound,主 谓 状 状 主 谓,that,if,she,concentrated on,the ideas,not,the single,主 谓 宾 宾,words,she,could understand,!,主 谓,归纳总结：,Discovering Useful Structures,基本句型,