分词用法.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,现在分词,过去分词,Participles,V-,ing,V-,ed,时 态 和 语 态,类 别,及 物,动 词,不及物动词,形式,主 动,被 动,主 动,一般式,doing,在做,being done,doing,完成式,having done,已做了,having been done,已被做,having done,现在分词,在被做,在句中做状语，定语，表语，宾补,过去分词的形式：只有一种形式。如：,done,既表被动又表完成。,分词的否定形式：,not,doing/being done,not,having done/having been done,注意：,1.,分词的完成时表示分词的动作发生,在谓语动作之前。另外，分词的完成,时只能做状语（不能做表语，定语，,宾语补足语）。,2.being done:,表示谓语动作发生的时候，,分词的动作正在被进行,1.,作状语,2.,作定语,3.,作表语,4.,作补语,现在分词,过去分词,falling,leaves,fallen,leaves,boiling,water,boiled,water,developing,countries,developed,countries,一：分词做定语,表所修饰名词的性质、特征和状态。,正在下落的树叶,沸腾的水,发展中国家,已经落下的树叶,烧开过的水,发达国家,现在分词做定语，表示动作正在发生,过去分词做定语，,表示动作已经发生或已完成。,（一）,注意：,单个不及物动词,的,现在分词或过去分词,作定语,放,在所修饰的名词前,eg,.a living person,但是，,单个的及物动词,的,过去分词作定语,可以放,在所修饰的名词前。见下例,a flooded village,a widely accepted theory,given time,a flooding village,a widely accepting theory,giving time,The,houses,_,in 2000 are for the teachers.,The,workers,_the houses are from,countries.(build,),现在分词作定语,表动作,正在进行,；,与所修饰的名词是,主动关系,过去分词作定语,表动作已被,完成；,与所修饰的名词是,被动关系,（二）,The girl let out a_ cry at the sight of the snake.,His _shout scared the,boys.(frighten,),building,built,frightened,frightening,看到蛇，女孩尖叫起不。,他大吼一声把那帮男孩给吓跑了。,1),单个,-,ing,形式作定语时,放在所修饰的,名词之前,-,ing,形式,短语,作定语时,放在所修饰的,名词之后,并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如：,They lived in a room,facing the street,.,=They lived in a room,that faces the street.,他们住在一间面朝街的房子。,The man,standing there,is Peters father.,=The man,who is standing there,is Peters father.,站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。,Attention,1.The student _the experiment is our,monitor.(make,),Attention,making,2)V-,ing,过去分词，不定式做定语时的区别：,4.The meeting _now is very important,.,2.The meeting _yesterday is very important,.,3.The meeting _tomorrow is very important.,held,to be held,being held,The news is _.,（,令人鼓舞）,He is _.,(,感到惊讶）,inspiring,surprised.,二：分词做表语,作,表语时或定语时，,现在分词表示“,令人,”,修饰物,过去分词“,感到,”,，修饰人,常见的有下列动词：,move,surprise,astonish,delight,comfort,disappoint,puzzle,frighten,这类词的现在分词还是过去分词已形容词化了。,Moving/entertaining/convincing/astonishing.,an,exciting,voice,令人兴奋的声音,an,excited,voice,兴奋的声音,a,puzzling,look,令人迷惑不解的表情,a,puzzled,look,困惑的表情,-,ing,形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，,以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。如：,The news,is_.We,are _at the,news(excite,),exciting,excited,三：,分词做宾语补语,3.Listen to the birds _(sing),4.I often hear this song _,5.I saw the boy _(,punish)by,the teacher.,singing,.,sung,punished,以上动词和,get,keep,等词可用,现在分词,作宾语补足语,除,let,make,外,.,也可以用,过去分词,作宾语补足语，。如：,cooking,cooked,1.I found him_ supper,（,cook,）,.,2.I found supper _ when I got home.,4,看（,see,watch,notice,observe,；外加,find,look at,）；,3,使（,make,let,have,）；,2,听（,listen to,hear,）；,1,感觉（,feel,）。,make,sb,doing,但,make,sth,.,entertaining(adj,.),let,sb,doing,四：分词做状语,When,they,heard,the news,they,got excited,Hearing,the news,they,got excited.(,时间,),uo,If,we,were given,more time,we,would be able to do the work better,Given,more time,we,would be able to do the work better.,（条件）,1.The students went out of the classroom,_,（伴随状语）,2.He entered the room,_,(,伴随状语）,talking and laughing,followed by his girlfriend,3.,方式状语,:,He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.,Put the book as it is now.,The hunter left his house,followed by his dog.(,方式或伴随情况状语,),4.,结果状语：,She woke up,surprised to find her money,lost.,5.,过去分词作原因状语,1.,Since/As she was given,advice,by the famous detective,the young lady was no longer afraid.,Given advice by the famous detective,the young lady was no longer afraid.,相当于表示原因的状语从句。,2.,Because it was done in a hurry,his homework was full of mistakes.,Done in a hurry,his homework was full of mistakes.,注意,：,表示伴随情况、行为方式或补充说明的分词短语一般不能用从句代替，常位于句首或句末,Because,he,had,visited,the city many times,he,offered to be our guide.,Having visited,the city many times,he,offered to be our guide.,（原因）,Because,she,had been bitten,by a snake,she,was frightened at it.,Having been bitten,by a snake,she,was frightened at it.(,原因,),分词做状语形式,现在分词的完成式,现在分词完成被动式,_,by so many,people,he,didnt know what to say.,_the,teacher,all,the students stood up.,（,see),Being watched,Seeing,分词的一般式,_her address,we cant get in touch with her.,4.,否定式在,V-,ing,前加上,not,警示语要直接在,V-,ing,前加,no,Not knowing,No parking/smoking/spitting.,分词的否定式,现在分词的被动式,1.I like reading the novels _(write)by Zhang Ailing.,2.The girl _(write)a letter in the study is my cousin.,3.There is something wrong with my car and I have to get it _(repair).,written,writing,repaired,Filling in the blanks.,4.I want the doors of my new house _(paint)white.,5.There was a _(surprise)look on his face.,6.He was _(excite)at the good news.,7.The story was so move)that he was _(move)to tears.,painted,surprised,excited,moving,moved,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。,1._(use)in this way,the word shouldnt be taken as a verb.,2._(arm)with special guns,knives and brushes,two space walking astronauts practiced fixing the spacecraft.,3.Though _(catch)in a traffic jam,we managed to arrive at the airport.,Used,Armed,caught,4.Susan is not easy to get along with.But once _(gain),her friendship will last forever.,5.Henry didnt attend the party _(hold)at Toms house last night,for he was busy preparing for his exam.,gained,held,五,.With,名词（代词）非谓语等,。,to do,/,to be done,With,名词,/,代词,doing,done,To do/to be done,表示未发性动作，,doing,表示动作正在进行，,done,表示完成被动。,John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work_,he gladly accepted it.,John received an invitation to dinner,but with his work_,he couldnt accept it.,3.,With his book,to be published,next week,he is busy.,4.With the guests leaving,they began to clean the hall,done,to do,六 现在分词的独立主格结构,在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致,但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为,:,分词独立主格结构,独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况,表示时间、原因、条件等,名词或者代词,+,doing,to do/to be done,d,done,having done,(,having been)done,非谓语动词有自己的逻辑主语，并且只作状语，这样的结构叫做非谓语动词的独立主格结构,As the boy led the way,we had no trouble finding the strange village.,If the weather permits,well go for an outing tomorrow.,leading the way,we had no trouble finding the strange village.,permitting,well go for an outing tomorrow.,Practice:,The boy,The weather,As there was no further problems to discuss,we ended the meeting at last.,There being,no further problems to discuss,we ended the meeting at last.,As he was ill,he couldnt come to school today.,Being,ill,he couldnt come to school today.,Summary,意 义,现在分词,过去分词,充当的成分,表语,定语,状语,宾语补足语,与,句中主语,是,主动,关系,与,句中主语,是,被动,关系,与,所修饰的名词,是,主动,关系,与,所修饰的名词,是,被动,关系,与,宾语,是,主动,关系,与,宾语,是,被动,关系,与,句中主语,是,主动,关系,与,句中主语,是,被动,关系,有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：,Generally speaking,一般说来,Frankly speaking,坦白地说,Judging from,根据,来判断,Considering,考虑到,To tell you the truth,说实话,Compared to/with,和,相比,分词做状语的独立结构,1.A cook will be immediately fined if he is found _.(smoke),如果一个厨师被发现在厨房吸烟，那他会立刻解雇。,2.The discovery of new evidence led to _.(catch),新证据发现的结果是小偷被抓,3.Generally speaking,_ according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.,一般说来，如果按说明吃药，药就没有副作用。,(take),4.The police went to the,woman_,asking,what happened to her.,警察走到怀里抱着婴儿的妇女跟前问她怎么了。,(carry),5.There appeared _ on her face on hearing the unexpected,news.(worry,),听到这个意外的消息她脸上出现了焦急的面孔。,smoking in the kitchen,the thiefs being caught,(when)taken,carrying a baby in her arms,a worried look,6.Have you checked all the goods _ the medical workers next,week?(send,),你检查了下个星期送给医疗人员的所有物品吗？,7.He chose the Christmas presents carefully,_ extremely at last.,他认真地挑选了圣诞礼物，使所有家庭成员满意，尤其是在最后。,(satisfy),8.Tom is coming.With _,Im sure I will finish the work on,time.(help,),Tom,就要来了，有他帮忙，相信我会按时完成工作。,9.The manger of the restaurant was named Smith and _,I realized that he wasnt a good restaurant,manager.(look,),这餐馆的经理名叫,smith,，回头看看，我意识到他不是一个好经理,10._,the food was soon sold out.(taste),尝起来味道很好，这食物很快就卖光了。,to be sent to,satisfying all the family,him helping me,looking back,Tasting good,11._several times,he didnt know how to work out the problem.,告诉他好几次了，他还不知道怎么解这道题。,12._ enough preparation,we decided to put off the meeting till next,week.(make,),没有做好足够的准备，我们决定把会议推迟到下个星期。,13.If the building project _ is delayed,the construction company will be fined.,如果现在建的建筑项目推迟的话，建筑公司就会罚款。,(build),14.-will you go to the party?-of course,I will _.(invite),你参加晚会么？,-,当然，如果被邀，我就去。,15.I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time _.(catch),昨天晚上我在办公室工作的太晚，我几乎没有时间搭最后一班车,16.Most of the people _ were famous,scientists.(invite,),大部分被邀参加晚会的人都是科学家。,Having been told,Not having made,being built now,if invited,in catching the last bus,invited to the party,17._,our earth appears as a blue ball.(see),从月球上看，我们的地球似乎是个蓝色的球体。,18.After a few rounds of talks,both sides regarded the territory dispute _.(settle),几轮会谈之后，双方都认为地区争端已解决。,19.There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _.,在接待桌旁有一个人似乎很气愤，我认为他想找麻烦。,(make),20.After the Arab states won independence,great emphasis was laid on expanding education,with girls as well as boys _.(encourage),阿拉伯国家获得独立之后，非常强调加强教育，鼓励男孩女孩都上学。,21.Id appreciate _now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.,我十分想偶尔听到你们的消息，然后告诉我大家过的咋样。,(hear),Seen from the moon,settled,to make trouble,encouraged to go to school,hearing from you,