中英历史对照.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Historical Comparison of China and the United Kingdom,中英历史对照,1419世纪,14-15,世纪,英国,中国,英法百年战争,（,1337,年,1453,年）,世界最长的战争，断断续续进行了长达,116,年。法国收回了除加来外被英王占领的全部土地，取得最终胜利。,中国的元末明初时期,1368,朱元璋建立明朝，定都应天，元朝灭亡。,1369,年开始修建明长城，用时近,200,年。,1405,到,1433,郑和七次下西洋，是世界航海史上的壮举。,15,世纪中期，江南地区开始出现资本主义萌芽。,Hundred Years War,The conflict between these two countries and the English kings desire to regain lost territory led to the Hundred Years War.,The war continued intermittently(,断断续续地,)for more than 100 years with ups and downs for both sides.,14,世纪初的英国逐渐强大，希望收复被法国夺取的大陆领地。法国的腓力六世于,1337,年,5,月宣布没收英国在法国的领地加斯科涅（,Gascony,），于是百年战争开始。,Many French peasants joined in the war under the leadership of the famous peasant girl John of Arc who was a national heroine in French history.,The war deprive the English king of his possessions on the Continent,except Calais(,加来,).,15,世纪晚期到,16,世纪,英国,中国,15,世纪晚期，英国和法国中央集权国家形成。,英国开始圈地运动，至,19,世纪上半期结束。,1588,年，英国海军摧毁西班牙“无敌舰队”，开始掌握海上霸权，西班牙开始丧失殖民强国地位。,15,世纪晚期，明政府规定使用“八股文”进行科举考试。,15531557,年，葡萄牙殖民者开始窃据澳门。,17,世纪,英国,中国,英荷战争（,16521678,）,为争夺殖民地和海上霸权而展开。英国最终确立海上霸主地位。,1652,年，清朝顺治帝接见至北京朝见的五世达赖，并于当年赐予五世达赖金册金印，正式赐予“达赖喇嘛”称号。,1661,年，郑成功收复台湾。（,1624,年，荷兰殖民主义者侵略我国台湾，台湾沦陷,38,年后被收复。）,17,世纪,英国,中国,英国资产阶级革命（,16401688,）,其开始是世界近代史的开端。,1673,年，吴三桂反清，“三藩之乱”开始，至,1681,年被清政府平定。,18-19,世纪,英国,中国,英国工业革命（,18,世纪,60,年代,19,世纪,30,、,40,年代）,机器制造业的出现标志着英国工业革命的最终完成。,1773,年，英国首次向中国贩卖鸦片。,1808,年，英国兵船攻打澳门等地。,1822,年，清政府重申在沿海口岸禁止私运鸦片。,1839,年，林则徐抵粤禁烟，,6,月主持虎门销烟，使禁烟运动取得重大胜利。,The Industrial Revolution,The Industrial Revolution first began in the textile(,纺织,)industry.,1773 John Kay,（约翰,凯）,Invented,nying,shuttle,（飞梭）,1765James Hargreaves,（哈格里夫斯）,invented spinning jenny,（“珍妮”纺纱机）,1779Samuel Crompton,（克朗普顿）,invented mule,（骡机）,With the appearance of new and large machines,new sources of power had to be found.Wind,waterfall and the running stream could no longer satisfy growing demands because they are not reliable.,Efforts by mechanics(,机械工,)to seek more reliable and stronger power led to the invention of the,steam engine,by,James Watt,.,The invention of steam engine marked the beginning of the fast development of iron,steel and coal industries.,By 1850 Britain had completed the construction of its railway system.Boats equipped with steam engines,known as,steam boats,piled rivers and the sea.Britain became the strongest sea power and had the largest commercial fleet(,船队,)in the world.,18-19,世纪,英国,中国,英国宪章运动（,18341848,）,为实现,人民宪章,（,The Peoples Charter,）,而斗争的运动。,目的：工人们要求取得普选权，以便有机会参与国家的管理。,1840,年英国发动鸦片战争。是年成为中国近代史的开端。,1844,年，签订,中美望厦条约,、,中法黄埔条约,。洪秀全、冯云山去广西传教。,1845,年，英国人在广州设置船坞。,In 1837,the London Workingmens Association(,伦敦工人协会,),combining the various demands put forward by the workers,worked out the famous document,The Peoples Character,（,人民宪章,）,.,宪章运动的群众聚会,The Charter include six main points:,Votes for all males:,Annual election of Parliament(instead if general election every seven yeas);,payment of Members of Parliament(so that poor men could afford to take part in political activities):,Secret voting(so as to avoid bribery and intimidation);,Abolition of property qualifications for parliament members(so that a worker could seek to be selected),Equal electoral districts(so that the large population of the workers could enjoy a corresponding share of the votes).,bribery,贿赂,intimidation,威胁,abolition,废除,非权威版作品演示结束,谢谢观看！,参考书目,【1】,姜志伟，罗德喜，李啸,.,大学英语点击英美文化,.,北京：中国书籍出版社，,2004.1,【2】,杨子坤,.,马捷,.,李安之,.,轻工业出版社，,1989.11,