八、高三语法专项：动词的时态和语态.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,八、动词的时态和语态,（一）动词的时态,熟读深思,熟读下列各句，结合谓语动词的形式体会谓语动词,发生的时间或所处的状态，思考不同时态的用法与,构成。,1.I,go,to school at 700 every morning.,每,天早上我七点去上学。（经常的动作）,2.The sun,rises,in the east.,太阳从东方升起。,（客观真理）,3.Pride,goes,before a fall.,骄者必败。（格言,或警句）,4.We often,played,together when we,were,children.,我们小时候常在一起玩。（过去）,5.They,re having,a meeting now.,他们现在在,开会。（现在）,6.I,m studying,at an evening school.,我在上,夜校。（现阶段）,7.She,s,always helping,people.,她总是帮助别,人。（赞扬）,8.I knew you,would agree,.,我知道你会同意的。,9.I,have seen,the film already.,我已经看过那,部电影了。（暗示我已知道电影的内容了）,10.She,has been,a dancer for ten years.,她已,当了十年的舞蹈演员了。（从过去到现在）,11.When the police,arrived,the,thieves,had,run,away.,警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。,12.When Jack arrived he learned Mary,had,been,away for almost an hour.,当杰克到来,时，他才了解到玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时,了。,13.The Chinese,have been making,paper for,two thousand years.,中国人造纸有,2 000,年的,历史了。,14.He will come if you,invite,him.,如果你请,他，他会来的。（条件句中）,15.The plane,takes off,at 1130.,飞机十一点,半起飞。（时刻表中的规定）,16.Mike,is coming,home on Thursday.,迈克星期,四回来。（近期计划）,17.What,are,you,going to,do tomorrow?,你打算,明天做什么呢？（打算）,18.Look at the,clouds;,it,s,going,to rain.,你看天上的云，快下雨了。（已有迹象表明）,19.They,are to,be married in June.,他们将在,六月结婚。（正式安排）,20.He,is about to,leave for Beijing.,他马上,要去北京。（即将）,归纳总结,1.,一般现在时,一般现在时是不受时间限制的客观存在，指经,常发生的动作或存在的状态。具体表示：,(1),表示现状、性质、状态或经常或习惯性的动,作，且常与表频率的时间状语连用,;(2),表示客,观事实或普遍现象。,2.,一般将来时的几种用法比较,（,1,）,be going to,表示现在打算在最近或将来要,做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已,经做了某种准备或表示非常可能发生。,（,2,）,shall/will do,表示未事先考虑过，即说话,时临时想到的。,（,3,）,be to do,sth,.,表示按计划、安排即将发生,的动作或表示吩咐、命令、禁止等。,（,4,）,be about to do,sth,.,表示,“,即刻，就,要,”,，后面不能接表示将来的时间状语。,（,5,）用于条件、时间等状语从句中，例如由,if,unless,before,as,soon as,when,once,引,导的状语从句,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。,（,6,）少数用于表示动作起止的动词。如：,go,come,leave,start,arrive,begin,等有时也,用一般时态代替将来时态。表示一个按规定、,计划或安排要发生的动作（表示车、船、飞机,等按时刻表要发生的动作）。,（,7,）少数用于表示动作起止的动词，,如,:,go,come,begin,leave,arrive,return,take,等有时也用现在进行时代替将来时。,3.,现在进行时,表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作，具有,暂时性、持续性、未完成性的特点。具体表示：,（,1,）表示说话时刻正在发生或进行着的动作。,（,2,）表示现在阶段正在进行的动作。,4.,现在完成时,现在完成时是过去的动作或状态对现在的影响,或对现在造成的结果，以及表示从过去开始的,动作或状态一直持续到现在。注意以下几点：,（,1,）现在完成时除可以和,for,since,引起的状语,连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：,during/in/over the,last(past)few,years(months,weeks),in,recent years,。,(2),现在完成时还可以用于下列句子结构：,It is/has been+,一段时间,+since,从句,That/This/It is the only.,That/This/It is the best/finest/most,interesting.,5.,一般过去时,是与现在没有联系的时态，只强调过去的事,实，不强调与现在的关系。,6.,过去完成时,（,1,）第一种类型是：过去完成时,+before/by,the time/when.+,一般过去时。,第二种类型是：,Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely,had+,主语,+,过去分词,+when/than/when+,一般过去,时。,第三种类型是：,I had thought/expected/,meant/wanted.,表示过去未实现的希望或计划。,第四种类型是：动作发生顺序是过去的过去。,（,2,）表示过去未实现的希望或计划，用,I had,hoped/expected/supposed/meant/thought/,wanted/to do,sth,.,句型，表示我本希望,/,想,/,可能,/,打算,/,认为,/,想做某事。,7.,过去将来时相对于过去某个时间发生在将来,的动作）,过去将来时是相对一般将来时的时态，用法与,其相同，但要注意时态变化。,8.,现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别,现在完成时表示动作截止到现在已完成，着重,结果；现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始一,直持续到现在的动作，也可表示在说话时刻之,前刚刚结束的动作，强调动作的持续性。,I have written three letters.,我已写完三封信。（已写完）,I have been writing three letters.,我一直在写三封信。（可能还在写）,（二）动词的语态,熟读深思,熟读下列被动句，体会被动语态的用法；观察谓语部分，思考各种时态被动语态的构成。,1.The G8,is made up of,political leaders,from.,2.The Group of,Eight,or,G8,was formed,by,eight of the world,s wealthiest nations,in 1998.,3.The news,is being celebrated,by crowds in,the streets.,4.At 1245 UK time,today,the,name of the,host city for the 2012 Olympic Games,was,being announced,by IOC in Singapore.,5.Reforms,have been demanded,by people from,all over the world.,6.London,s name,had been announced,twice,before.,7.It,is going to be remembered,as a,historical meeting this,year,as,the topic,of Africa will be discussed in detail.,8.They want the leaders to cancel the debt,of Africa,s poorest countries so that,the problems there,can be prevented,from,getting any worse.,归纳总结,在被动语态中，各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式见下表：,一般,进行,完成,现在,am/is/are done,am/is/are,being done,have/has,been done,过去,was/were done,was/were,being done,had been done,将来,shall/will be done,/,shall/will have,been done,1.,带有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词,+be+,过去分词。,2.,动词,write,wash,sell,read,open,lock,shut,wear,等与副词,well,easily,smoothly,等连用,时，说明主语内在的,“,性能、特点,”,，用主动,代替被动。,3.be worth doing,中，,doing,表达被动意义；,require(,或,need,want,deserve,)doing,，相当,于,require,（或,need,want,deserve,）,to be,done,；,be to blame,意为：该受责备；,“,主语,+be+,形容词,+(for,sb.)+todo,”,结构中，,to do,和主语为动宾关系，表达被动意义。,试题精选,1.,Mr.Smith,this week,？,No.He,is on holiday.,A.Has;worked,B.Does;work,C.Did;work,D.Is;working,解析,根据答句,He is on holiday.,说明动作处,于正在进行状态,而不是完成性的、过去发生的,或经常性的动作,故排除选项,A,、,B,、,C,应用现在,进行时。,D,2.,Got your driving license,？,No.I,too busy to have enough,practice,so,I didnt take the driving,test last week.,A.was,B.am,C.have,been,D.had,been,解析,问句中,Got your driving license,？为,Have you got your driving license,？的省略,表达,该句对选项无影响。决定选项动词时态的,是答句中的,so I didn,t take the driving,test last week,分析句意可知,选项动作发生在,后一动作之前,表示过去的过去,故应用过去完,成时。,D,3.You,d better not call the manager,between 700 and 800 this,evening,for,he,an important meeting then.,A.will,have,B.would,have,C.will,be having,D.will,have had,解析,根据题干中的时间状语,between 700,and 800 this evening,可知,选项动作是在将,来某个时刻正在进行的,故应用将来进行时,口,语中常用这种时态表示将来某时刻正在进行的,或发生的动作。,C,4.,How can you borrow my computer without,my permission,？,Oh,I,to tell,you.I,hope you,don,t mind.,A.forget,B.forgot,C.had,forgotten,D.am,forgetting,解析,该句题干中没有提供任何时间状语,但从,语境及句子的含义判断,选项表示在过去某个时,间发生的动作,所以,首先排除选项,A,、,D,。由于,题干中没有表示过去时间的对照点,故再排除选,项,C,。,B,5.,Will you please repeat your idea,？,Certainly.But,I think it certain that,you,your attention.,A.don,t,pay,B.didn,t,payC.weren,t,paying,D.aren,t,paying,解析,从问话人请求对方重复已讲过的内容,答,话人认为对方在刚才他讲话时没有注意他所讲,内容可知,该选项动作强调在过去某个时刻正在,进行的动作,表示说话的当时。故应选用过去进,行时。,C,6.,I,m,sorry,but,the boss isn,t here,yet.Shall,I have her call you when she,comes back,？,No,I,ll,call her,back.If,I call again,in half an,hour,do,you think she,？,A.arrives,Bhas,arrived,C.will,arrive,D.will,have arrived,解析,一般将来时表示将来某一时刻将要发生,的动作,而将来完成时则表示将来某个时间之前,已经发生或完成的动作。根据该句语境及其句,意可知,该句选项动作表示将来完成的动作。,D,7.,Are we about to have dinner,？,Yes,it,in the dinning room.,A.is,serving,B.is,being served,C.has,been serving,D.serves,解析,动词,serve,在此句中意思为,“,端上、摆出,(,饭菜,),”,为及物动词。根据该句结构可知应使,用被动语态,只有选项,B,为进行时的被动结构,其,它选项均为主动形式。,B,8.,Joan was badly injured in the accident,yesterday and she was sent to hospital.,Oh,really,？,I,.I,visit her.,A.didn,t,know;will,go to,B.don,t,know;will,go to,C.didn,t,know;am,going to,D.haven,t,known;am,going to,解析,分析语境及讲话人意图可知,第一空强调,过去的动作,并不表示现在发生的事,故应用一,般过去时,;,第二空应选,will,表示即时或临时决,定将要做的事,而,be going to,表示按计划、安,排要做的事。,A,9.,Don,t you feel surprised to see Linda,at the meeting,？,Yes.I,really didn,t think she,here.,A.has,been,B.had,been,C.would,be,D.would,have been,解析,根据上下文语境可知,选项动作已在过去,发生或完成。但根据,I really didn,t think,可以判断出从句中的动作是从过去某时间看将,来要发生的事,故应选过去将来时。,C,10.,Why is the librarian looking so hard,at me,？,You,to read aloud in the reading,room.,A.don,t,suppose,B.haven,t,supposed,C.are,not supposed,D.were,not supposed,解析,根据句子意思,应选用,be supposed to,“,应该做,被要求做,”,故排除选项,A,、,B;,分析上文情景,句中动词用现在时,强调现在,的状态,所以,再排除选项,D,。,C,11.The wet weather will continue tomorrow,when a cold front,to arrive.,A.is,expected,B.is,expecting,C.expects,D.will,be expected,解析,“,冷锋被预计要到来,”,是指现在,“,预料,”,而不是明天,故用一般现在时的被动语态。,A,12.The hotel wasn,t particularly,good,but,I,in many worse hotels.,A.was,staying,B.stayed,C.would,stay,D.had,stayed,解析,由句中的,worse,可知该句是表达比较的含,义,故本题句意应为,:,这家旅馆并不特别好,但是,我住过比它更差的旅馆。由于,“,The hotel,wasn,t particularly good,”,中的时态是一般,过去时态,所以,stay,这一动作应发生在描述情况,之前,故须用过去完成时态。,D,13.He,football regularly for many,years when he was young.,A.was,playing,B.played,C.has,played,D.had,played,解析,由句中,regularly,可知是过去某个时间内,经常性、习惯性的动作,故用一般过去时。,B,14.,Do you think we should accept that,offer,？,Yes,we,should,for,we,such bad luck,up till,now,and,time,out.,A.have,had;is,running,B.had;is,running,C.have;has,been run,D.have,had;has,been run,解析,句意为,:,你认为我们应该接受那个提议,(,帮助,),吗？,是的,我们应该接受,因为迄今为止我们一直运气不好,而且时间就要用光了。因为有时间状语,up till now,所以第一个空应该用现在完成时态,;,根据句意,时间应是,“,就要用光,快用光了,”,所以第二个空用现在进行时态,表示时间一点一滴地在流逝。,答案,A,15.I don,t believe you,ve already,finished reading the book,I,it to,you this morning!,A.would,lend,B.was,lending,C.had,lent,D.lent,解析,根据句意,“,我认为你还没有读完这本,书,我今天早晨刚把它借给你,!,”,可知,是对,过去事情的一个描述。,D,16.,Have you got any job offers,？,No.I,.,A.waited,B.had,been waiting,C.have,waited,D.am,waiting,解析,句意为,:,“,有人给你提供工作了吗？,”,“,没有,我正在等着。,”,用现在进行时态,表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态。,D,17.,Tom,you,didn,t come to the party last,night,？,I,but I suddenly remembered I had,homework to do.,A.had,to,B.didn,t,C.was,going to,D.wouldn,t,解析,have to,不得不,be going to do,sth,.,表,示按计划或安排要做某事。根据,but,可知,此处,应选择,C,项。,C,18.,I have got a headache.,No,wonder.You,in front of the,computer too long.,A.work,B.are,working,C.have,been working,D.worked,解析,考查动词的时态。由,“,I have got a,headache,”,可知,空处应用现在完成进行时表示,动作从过去开始持续至今且还会进行下去,体现,过去开始的动作对现在的影响及结果。,C,19.,Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends,yesterday,？,Yes,he,did.He,his old friends for,a long time.,A.didn,t,see,B.wouldn,t,see,C.hasn,t,seen,D.hadn,t,seen,解析,for a long time,与完成时连用,且前一,句中用了一般过去时,因此此处应用过去完成时,态。,D,20.,Have you handed in your schoolwork,yet,？,Yes,I,have.I,guess it,now.,A.has,graded,B.is,graded,C.is,being graded,D.is,grading,解析,由,now,可知应用进行时态,;,作业是被打分,数,(,评阅,),故应用被动语态形式。,C,返回,