必修八Unit1.ppt

目录,选修八,UNITS 12,佳作晨背,文思泉涌,真题在线,(2012,高考辽宁卷,),假定你是某中,学的学生李华。请用英语给出版社的编辑写一封信,表达你对现在使用的英语教材的看法,内容主要包括：,优点：,1.,话题广泛,;,2,图片丰富,;,3,有助于提高学习兴趣。,建议：适当降低词汇难度。,注意：,1.,词数,100,左右,;,2,可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯,;,3,开头语已为你写好,不计入总词数。,Dear Editor,As a student reader,I am writing to talk about the English textbooks published by your house.,_ _,Best regards,Li Hua,佳作欣赏,Dear Editor,As a student reader,I am writing to talk about the English textbooks published by your house.,These books have many advantages.,One of them is that we can find a variety of topics,such as science,culture and history.These topics,I think,are very popular with us students.,Whats more,along with the texts there are many beautiful and colorful pictures,which can help us understand English better.,Even the students who used to dislike English have,turned out to be interested in the subject.However,some,of the texts have too many new words and expressions,which are hard for us.Therefore,Id like to suggest,changing them into easier ones.,Best regards,Li Hua,精彩采撷,高级词汇及句型,1,a variety of,各种各样的,2,be popular with,受欢迎的,3,turn out,结果是,4,change.into.,把,变成,佳句变换,The advantage is that there are all kinds of topics in these books,such as science,culture and history.,Whats more,the texts contain many beautiful and colorful pictures,which can be of great help to us have a better understanding of English.,As a result,whoever used to dislike English has turned out to be interested in the subject.,Unit 1,A land of diversity,多元化的社会,本节目录,基础盘点自测自评,考点串讲讲练互动,基础盘点自测自评,核心单词,1,_,n,手段,;,方法,2,_,n,(,人口、贸易的,),繁荣,vi,.,处于经济迅速发展时期,3,_,n,海关,;,关税,;,进口税,4,_,vi,.,发生,;,出现,5,_,vt,.,指出,;,标示,;,表明,;,暗示,6,_,n,行李,7,_,vi,.,滑动,;,滑行,;,滑跤,n,.,滑动,;,滑倒,8,_,vt,.&,n,.,租用,;,雇用,9,_,adv,.,无处,;,到处都无,n,.,滑动,;,滑倒,means,boom,customs,occur,indicate,luggage,slip,hire,nowhere,10,_,vt,.&,vi改革,;,革新,n,.,改革,;,改造,;,改良,11,_,vt,.&,n,.,抓住,;,抓紧,;,掌握,;,领会,12,_,adj,.,清晰的,;,明显的,;,明确的,distinction,n,差别,;,区分,;,卓著,13,_,n,大多数,;,大半,minority,n,少数,14,_,vt,.,选择,;,决定做某事,;,选举某人,election,n,.,选举,15,_,n,申请人,apply,v,申请,application,n,申请,16,_,adj,.,显而易见的,;,显然的,;,表面上的,apparently,adv,.,明显地,;,显而易见地,17,_,n,处罚,;,惩罚,punish,v,惩罚,;,处罚,18,_,n,正义,;,公平,injustice(,反义词,),reform,grasp,distinct,majority,elect,applicant,apparent,punishment,justice,高频短语,1,_,继续存在,;,继续生存,2,_,用,办法,;,借助,3,_,习惯于新的生活方式、工作等,4,_,坚持,;,维持,;,沿袭,(,风俗、传统等,),5,_,背靠背,6,_,与,合作或一起工作,7,_,画线,;,标出,界线,8,_,包括,;,吸收,9,_,许多,;,很多,10,_,申请,;,请示得到,live,on,by,means,of.,make,a,life,keep,up,back,to,back,team,up,with,mark,out,take,in,a,great/good,many,apply,for,典型句式,1,It is likely that.,很可能,However,_Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.,然而,美洲土著人很可能在至少,15000,年前就在加利福尼亚生活着。,2,Thats why.,那就是为什么,_today over 40%of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.,这就是今天有超过,40%,的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。,it,is,likely,that,That,is,why,3,Its believed that.,有人认为,_before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups,but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.,人们认为,要不了多久,多种国籍的混合将会非常,之大,以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体,而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。,4,what,从句作介词宾语,Two centuries later,the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of_ call the United States.,二百年后,西班牙人定居在南美洲大多数地区以及现在美国的西北沿海。,It,is,believed,that,what,we,now,单元语法,主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,1,(2013,东北三校高三第一次联合模拟,)Steve,Jobs has gone but_he has left behind is truly extraordinary.,A,that,B,why,C,what D,how,解析：选,C,。考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,“_he has left behind”,是主语从句,且关系代词在从句中作宾语,故选,what,。,2,(2013,安徽皖北协作区高三联考,)No matt,er how far you may fly,never forget_you come from.,A,when B,how,C,where D,what,解析：选,C,。考查宾语从句。句意：不管你会飞多远,永远不要忘记你来自哪里。分析句子结构可知,“_you come from”,是宾语从句,空处在从句中作宾语,另外根据句意可知,应选,where,。,3,(2013,银川部分中学高三联考,)It is un,certain_the Middle East will become really peaceful with so many bloody conflicts.,A,whether B,that,C,what D,where,解析：选,A,。考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：在经历了如此多的流血冲突后,中东是否会真的和平,这还是不确定的。根据语意可知,此处用,whether,引导主语从句,此句中的,“,It”,为形式主语。,4,The wolfs team spirit for survival is_ is needed in todays competitive culture.,A,that B,how,C,which D,what,解析：选,D,。考查表语从句。分析句子成分可知,系动词,is,缺表语,句子,“,_is needed in todays competitive culture,”,缺主语,what,相当于,the spirit that,既作表语同时也作主语,故选,D,项。,5,(2012,成都市高三模拟,)When,ever a natural disaster happens,we should offer _ help we could to,those victims.,A,however B,whatever,C,whenever D,whichever,解析：选,B,。考查,whatever,作定语,修饰名词,help,。句意：当灾难发生时,我们应该提供任何可能的帮助给那些受害者。,考点串讲讲练互动,单词精研,1.means,n,手段,;,方法,(2011,高考重庆卷,阅读理,解,C)Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.,清洁的饮用水供应和洗手是一种实用的预防疾病的方法。,归纳拓展,by this means,通过这种方法,by means of,用,办法,;,借助,by all means,一定,务必,;,好的,当然可以,by no means,决不,一点也不,(,位于句首时,句子用部分倒装,),by every means,用尽一切可能的办法,(,朗文,P,1277,),Millions of Chinese rely on bicycles as their important means of transportation.,自行车是数百万中国人赖以出行的重要交通工具。,(,朗文,P,1277,),By all means,drink plenty of water while exercising.,当然,锻炼的时候多喝水。,Ive tried very hard to improve my English.But by no means is my parents satisfied with my progress.,为了提高英语水平,我已尽力了。但父母对我的进步一点也不满意。,Every possible means,has been tried,but,none worked.,All possible means,have been tried,but none worked.,各种可能的办法都尝试了,但没有一种奏效。,【,温馨提示,】,means,作为一个单复数同形的名词,常与主谓一致结合起来考查。,2.majority,n,大多数,;,大半,(,牛津,P,1220,)The,majority was/were in favour of banning smoking.,大多数人支持禁烟。,归纳拓展,(1)the/a majority of,名词,表示,“,大多数,”,。谓语动词的数与,of,后面的名词相一致。,the majority,单独作主语时,谓语动词用单复数均可。,(2)be in the/a majority,构成大部分,/,大多数,have a majority over sb.,获得多于某人的,(3)minority,n,少数,in the minority,占少数,The majority of doctors,agree that smoking is closely connected to lung cancer.,大多数医生赞同吸烟与肺癌有密切联系。,The murder shocked the Americans,the majority of whom are peace-loving and non-violent.,这一谋杀案震惊了整个美国,因为毕竟大多数的美国人还是热爱和平和反对暴力的。,(,牛津,P,1220,)In,the nursing profession,women are,in a/the majority,.,女性在护理行业中占大多数。,3.occur,vi,.,发生,;,出现,(2012,高考广东卷,阅读理解,C),There were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.,过去,在我上下班途中发生过各种各样的悲剧。,归纳拓展,sth.occurs to sb.,某人突然想起某事,It occurs to sb.thatclause,某人突然想起,I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred.,我正沿街寻找停车点时,突然发生了事故。,When Babbage was working at Cambridge,a new idea occurred to him.,在剑桥工作时,巴比奇想到了一个新主意。,It never hit/struck/occurred to him that,he would make such a great success in teaching career.,他从来没有想到他会在教学事业上获得如此巨大的成功。,4,.indicate,vt,.,指出,;,标示,;,表明,;,暗示,(,牛津,P,1038,)A r,ed sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day.,夜空呈红色往往预兆第二天天气晴朗。,归纳拓展,(1)indicate sth.(to sb.),指示,;,指出,;,标示,indicate that/whclause,表示,;,示意,(2)indication,n,暗示,;,表示,;,预兆,With a nod of his head he,indicated to me,where I should sit.,他点头示意我应坐的地方。,The sound of the rain outside the window is becoming louder and there is no sign(of)indicating(that)it will stop.,窗外的雨声越来越大了,一点停的迹象都没有。,His attitude indicates,that he is not very happy with what you are doing.,他的态度暗示他对你的所作所为很不高兴。,They gave no indication of how the work should be done.,他们根本没说明这项工作该怎么做。,跟踪训练,.,完成句子,1,_(,我从未想到,)you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.,2,As is known to us,the telephone is _(,一种有用的通讯工具,),3,Punishment is _(,绝对不是明智的选择,)to help students grow up mentally and physically.,It never occurred to me that,a useful means of communication,by no means a wise choice,4,Dont worry about the present situation in the world;_(,大多数人喜欢和平而不是战争,),5,Among the members of the committee,those who are in favour of the plan are _(,占大多数,),6,In the 1980s,the computer industry _(,迅猛发展,),the majority of people prefer peace to war,in a/the majoritywas booming,.,单项填空,1,(2012,高考江西卷,)It sud,denly occurred to him_he had left his keys in the office.,A,whether,B,where,C,which D,that,解析：选,D,。考查主语从句。句意：他突然想起他把钥匙落在办公室里了。,It occurred to sb.that.,表示,“,某人想起,”,。,it,在句中作形式主语,真正的主语是,that,引导的从句,.,2,Do you think their table tennis team will win the first place at the coming London Olympic Games?,_.Ours is much stronger than theirs.,A,Of course B,It depends,C,Dont mention it D,By no means,解析：选,D,。句意：,你认为他们的乒乓球队在即将到来的伦敦奥运会上会获得冠军吗？,绝对不会,我们的球队比他们的球队要强大得多。,Of course,当然可以,;It depends,视情况而定,;Dont mention it,不用谢,;By no means,绝对不会,绝不。根据句意可知答案为,D,项。,3,The number of students in our class_more than 70 and the majority of them_from the countryside.,A,is;is B,is;are,C,are;is D,are;are,解析：选,B,。,the number of.,的数量,作主语时谓语动词用单数,;the majority of.,的大部分,后跟可数名词复数形式时,谓语动词用复数,故,B,项正确。,4,(2013,湖北稳派密卷,)Its a pity,that research_ that 81%of teachers are dissatisfied with their salary.,A,summarizes B,suggests,C,infers D,indicates,解析：选,D,。句意：遗憾的是,研究表明,81%,的教师对他们的薪水不满意。,A,项,“,总结,”,B,项,“,建议,暗示,使认为,”,C,项,“,推断,暗示,”,D,项,“,显示,表明,象征,暗示,指出,”,。,短语精释,1.make a life,习惯于新的生活方式、工作等,(,教材,P,2,)Som,e died or returned home,but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.,有些人死了或回家了,但是大多数人留在了加利福尼亚谋生,尽管困难重重。,归纳拓展,come to life,变得更有趣,;,变得活跃,live/lead a,.life,过着,的生活,come back to life,苏醒过来,恢复生机,bring.back to life,使,苏醒过来,make/start a new life,开始新生活,Some people from the country find it hard to,make a life,in big cities.,一些来自农村的人发现很难在大城市生存下来。,(,朗文,P,1188,),They moved out West to make a new life there.,他们迁往西部去开始新生活。,(,牛津,P,1166,)The,match finally,came to life,in the second half.,比赛在下半场终于精彩起来。,2.a great/good many,很多,许多,(,修饰可数名词,),(,朗文,P,1256,),The country has a great many problems that need urgent attention.,该国有许许多多急需关注的问题。,Nowadays,a great many,teenagers are addicted to playing computer games,which makes their parents very worried.,当今许多青少年迷恋玩电脑游戏,这使他们的父母非常担心。,【,温馨提示,】,a good/great many,后接复数名词,但,a good/great many,后接,of,时,必须加限定词,如,these/those/the/ones,等,然后再加名词复数。,It seems that,a great/good many of,them are out of work now.,似乎他们中的许多人现在都失业了。,A good many of the/those students in our class have passed the exam.,我们班中有很多学生通过了考试。,3.take in,包括,;,吸收,;,理解,;,欺骗,(,教材,P,8,)It,s a 79km roundtrip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.,这是一次往返,79,公里的旅行,它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。,归纳拓展,take away,拿走,使离开,;,消除,(,病痛等,),take apart,拆开,;,剖析,抨击,(,论点等,),take down,拿下,取下,;,拆卸,记下,take up,开始从事,;,占用,(,时间或空间,);,着手处理,take over,继承,;,接收,接管,take off,脱下,(,衣服等,);,起飞,take on,承担,从事,;,呈现,(,牛津,P,2059,)He,was homeless,so we took him in.,他无家可归,我们便收留了他。,Dont,be taken in,by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.,不要被许诺能使你快速减肥的商品所欺骗。,I couldnt take in the professors lecture at all.It was too difficult for me.,我一点也不理解教授的演讲,对我来说太难了,.,A British newspaper says British Airways plan to,take over,Trans World Airways.,一家英国报纸称,英国航空公司计划接管环球航空公司。,In 1944,he met Edith Piaf,and his career,took off,.,1944,年,他结识了伊迪思,比阿夫,从此他的事业开始腾飞。,4.team up with(,cooperate with),与,结合,/,合作,协作,(,朗文,P,2113,),The university is teaming up with a school in England for the research project.,该大学正与英格兰的一所学校合作研究这项课题。,归纳拓展,team up,合作,;,协作,be fed up with,对,感到厌烦,腻了,catch/keep up with,赶上,put up with,忍受,;,容忍,end up with,以,结束,We,teamed up,so that we could divide the work and write a book more quickly.,我们相互协作,以使我们能够分配任务并且更快地写完这本书。,After seeing so many houses,we ended up with buying the one on the lakeside.,看了那么多的房子之后,我们最后还是买了湖边的那栋房子。,Ill have to,put up with the noise,till I move next week.,我下周就要搬了,在此之前,我还是得忍受这种噪音。,The old couple is never fed up with going to the same park every day.,这对老夫妻每天都去同一个公园,从不厌烦。,跟踪训练,.,完成句子,1,John preferred to go into business alone rather than to _(,与别人合作,),2,These teenagers dont know much of the world yet;thats why they _(,那么容易受骗,),3,After_(,看到许多无家可归的人,)in the streets,I thought I should do something,for them.,team up with anyone else,were so easily taken in,seeing a great many homeless people,4,The young men in the rural areas have to leave for big cities to_(,谋生,),5,A volleyball court had been_(,标出,界线,)on the grass.,6,(2011,高考山东卷,阅读理解,C)More students _(,申请,)aid,and more families expect to need student loans.,make a life,marked out,are applying for,.,单项填空,1,(2013,安徽皖南联考,)Both Class 3,and our class wont be able to finish the work unless we_each other.,A,team up with B,come up with,C,put up with D,catch up with,解析：选,A,。句意：如果不合作的话,3,班和我们班都不能完成这项工作。,team up with,“,与,合作,”,;come up with,“,提出,”,;put up with,“,忍受,”,;catch up with,“,追上,赶上,”,。,2,(2013,湖北稳派密卷,)The professors lecture is so complicated that I simply couldnt _ it.Will you please explain it to me?,A,move in B,bring in,C,take in D,cut in,解析：选,C,。句意：教授的演讲是如此复杂以至于我无法完全理解,你能否为我解释一下？,A,项,“,搬进,”,;B,项,“,引起,赚钱,”,;,C,项,“,吸收,理解,欺骗,”,;D,项,“,插话,”,。,3,My study of biology has_much of my spare time,but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment.,A,taken in B,taken down,C,taken up D,taken away,解析：选,C,。考查动词短语辨析。,take in,欺骗,;take up,占去,;take away,取走,;take down,写下,拆下。,4,The maths examination was rather difficult;to our joy,_the students passed it.,A,a great many B,a great many of,C,a great deal of D,plenty of,解析：选,B,句意：数学考试相当困难,使我们高兴的是,大多数学生通过考试。名词前有限定词,the,时用,a great many of,.,句型精析,1.(,教材,P,2,)Tha,t is why today over 40%of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.,这就是今天有超过,40%,的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。,句法分析,句中的,why,引导的是表语从句,注意以下句式的区别：,(1)Thats why.,那就是为什么,(why,从句表示结果,),(2)Thats because.,那是因为,(because,从句表示原因,),(3)The reason why.is/was that.,的原因是,(,表语从句常用,that,引导,而不用,because),Tom was ill.,That was why,he came late for the meeting.,汤姆病了,那就是他开会迟到的原因。,Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill.,汤姆开会迟到了,那是因为他病了。,The reason why,Tom came late for the meeting,was that,he was ill.,汤姆开会迟到的原因是因为他病了。,2.(,教材,P,2,)How,ever,it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.,然而,土著美国人有可能在一万五千年前就在加州生活着。,句法分析,本句中,it,为形式主语,真正的主语为,that,从句。,It is likely that.,是可能的,此句型可转化为：,sb./sth.be likely to do sth.,某人,/,物可能做某事。,It is very likely that,in many schools,the students are going to spend less time in doing homework than they used to.,在很多学校学生做作业的时间有可能比从前少。,As far as I know,he,is likely to,drop out of school to attend his sick mother.,据我所知,他有可能辍学照顾生病的母亲。,跟踪训练,1,(2012,河北省普通高考模拟,)Yo,u are sure to know the result,but thats _everybody has finished their work.,A,when B,why,C,before D,until,解析：选,A,。句意：你们一定会知道结果,但应是在每个人都完成他们的工作的时候。,2,(2013,菏泽重点高中模拟,)The tradit,ional view is _ we sleep because our brain is“programmed”to make us do so.,A,when B,where,C,whether D,that,解析：选,D,。,that,引导表语从句,在从句中只起连接作用,不作任何成分。,we sleep because our brain is“programmedto make us do so,是一个完整的句子,所以要用,that,引导。,when,和,where,在表语从句中作状语,分别表示,“,在,的时候,”,和,“,在,地方,”,;whether,意为,“,是否,”,。,3,A visit to the rainforest for us students is_to be an unforgettable experience.,A,possible B,probable,C,likely D,certainly,解析：选,C,。,likely,可用于,sb./sth.is likely to do(sth.),或,It is likely that.,句型中。,possible,可用于,It is possible(for sb.)to do sth.,或,It is possible that.,句型中。,probable,只用于,It is probable that.,句型中。句意：对于,我们学生来说,一次热带雨林之行可能是一次难忘的经历。,4,If you hurry up,I think it quite_that youll,catch the flight.,A,probably B,likely,C,possibly D,certainly,解析：选,B,。此处需要用形容词作宾语补足语,四个词中只有,likely,可以用作形容词。,5,(2013,滨州模拟,)He hasnt got,another job yet and its not_ that he will for some time.,A,likely B,easily,C,probably D,nearly,解析：选,A,。考查固定句型。,likely,意为,“,很可能,”,Its likely that.,意为,“,很有可能,”,;easily,意为,“,容易地,无疑地,”,;probably,是副词,意为,“,大概,或许,”,;nearly,意为,“,差不多,几乎,”,。句意：他依然还没找到工作,他短期内得到一份工作是不可能的。故,