英汉翻译教程ppt_课堂教学+-+unit1.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF TRANSLATION,English-Chinese Translation,主讲人：陈磊,Hermione,课程安排,翻译理论,翻译技巧,(,词语选择、词类转换、增词法、减词法、分句法、合句法 等,),实战练习,Course Requirement,1.Attendancy(60%),2.Participation in Class(20%),3.Homework(20),翻译课的教学要求和任务,(,Requirements&Tasks of Translation Course,),高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲,（以下简称,大纲,）就高校翻译教学规定：“笔译课的目的在于使学生具备笔头翻译的基本能力。通过介绍各类文体语言的特点、汉英两种语言的对比和分析以及各种不同文体的翻译方法，使学生掌握英汉双语翻译的基本理论，掌握英汉词语、长句及各种文体的翻译技巧和英汉互译的能力。”“能运用翻译的理论和技巧，将英美报刊上的文章以及文学原著译成汉语，或将我国报刊、杂志上的文章和一般文学作品译成英语，速度为每小时,250300,个英文单词。译文要求忠实原意，语言流畅。能担任一般外事活动的口译。”,1.,翻译课教学要求：,2.,翻译课的教学任务,翻译课的教学任务就是向学生传授翻译基础理论、常用的翻译方法、技巧；并通过大量翻译练习实践扎实语言基础，其目的是提高学生运用语言的能力，培养他们的实际翻译技能，使其能在一定的时间内译出所规定的文字语码，达到相应的翻译水平。,翻译证书,:,1.,全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试,China Accreditation Test for Translators and Interpreters,（,CATTI,）,2.,上海翻译证书考试,Lecture One,翻译概论,Introduction to E-C TranslationTeaching Contents:,1.Brief history of translation;,2.,Definition of translation,3.,Criteria of,translation,4.,Prerequisites for a translator,;,5,.,Processes of translation,;,A Brief History of Translation,1.Translation in China-Buddhist Scriptures,Han Dynasty,Tang,The Western Han Dynasty:,伊存,The Eastern Han Dynasty:,安世高,安息人,(Persia,）,30 volumes;,安般守意经,三支：支娄迦谶 支亮 支谦,Yuezhi,School,竺法护,A Brief History of Translation,Eastern Jin Dynasty:,Shi Daoan-Translation Institute,Kumarajiva(,鸠摩罗什,),from India,金刚经,、,法华经,、,十二门论,、,中观论,、,维摩经,South&North Dynasty:Parmartha(,真谛,),from India,摄大乘论,Sui Dynasty:Shi Yanzong(,释彦琮,),the first Chinese monk,A Brief History of Translation,Han Dynasty,Tang,Super Star,Xuanzang,佛教三大翻译家：,玄奘、鸠摩罗什、真谛,A Brief History of Translation,Song Dynasty;,Rather complete system of translation institute,Buddhist scripture translation:Song VS Tang,Quantity:almost the same,Quality:inferior,The Southern Song Dynasty:No translation in record,A Brief History of Translation,2.Ming DynastyQing Dynasty;,Buddhist scripture translation declined,The western physical science of 17th century,ancient Greek philosophy,science and technology introduced,Collaboration between Chinese Intellectuals and Western Missionaries,Xu Guangqian&Matteo Ricci,Euclids Elements,1 A Brief History of Translation,Ming DynastyQing Dynasty;,Lin Shu,林纾,170 books of 12 million words,巴黎茶花女遗事,（,La Dame aux Camelias,）,块肉余生述,(David Copperfield),王子复仇记,(Hamlet),撒克逊劫后英雄略,(Ivanhoe),黑奴吁天录,(Uncle Toms Cabin),1 A Brief History of Translation,Yan Fu,In philosophy,天演论,(Evolution and Ethics);,In economy,原富,(An Inquiry into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations);,In politics,社会通诠,(A History of Politics);,In law,法意,(The Spirit of the Laws);,In sociology,群学肄言,(The Study of Sociology).,Faithfulness,Expressiveness,Elegance,1 A Brief History of Translation,3.May Fourth Movement Period,Progressive western ideas Esp.the revolutionary principles of communism,1.Classical style of writing replaced by writing in vernacular Chinese,（白话文）,2.Works of Russia and Soviet Union introduced,3.Translators as well as writers:Lu Xun,Qu Qiubai,Mao Dun,Guo Moruo,1 A Brief History of Translation,May Fourth Movement Period,Lu Xun,200 works of translation,Rigid translation,“,rather being faithful in thought than smooth in language,”,（宁信而不顺）,毁灭,死魂灵,1.A Brief History of Translation,4.1949 Cultural Revolution,mainly focused on literature from western countries,translation quality improved,Late 1970s to now,translation became more flourishing,1.,1,Brief History of Translation,in China,中国历史上出现过三次翻译高潮：,第一次:东汉至唐宋的佛经翻译；,（佛教三大翻译家：鸠摩罗什-金刚经、法华经、真谛摄大乘论、玄奘-梵文译成汉文,汉文译成梵文_老子）,第二次:明末清初的科技翻译,（徐光启、林纾、严复天演论、徐光启和意大利人利玛窦几何原本测量法义）,;,第三次:鸦片战争至“五四”的西学翻译,（共产党宣言鲁迅、毁灭死魂灵瞿秋白论巴尔扎克）,。,1.2 翻译的定义,1.,Eugene A.Nida,（尤金,.,奈达,-,美国）,:,Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language,first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.,(1959),翻译是指在目标语中用最切近而又自然得对等语再现原语的信息，首先表现在语义上，其次表现在文体上。,1,）,A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.,译作应完全复写出原作的思想,2,）,The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original.,译作的风格和手法应和原作属于同一性质,3,）,A translation should have all the ease of the original composition.,译作应具备原作的 通顺。,2.Alexander Fraser Tytler,（泰特勒,-,英国）,1.,翻译是“把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来”（,词海,）,2.“,文学翻译是用另一种语言，把原作的艺术意境,(artisitic conception),传达出来，使读者在读原文的时候能够感受到像原作一样的得到启发，感动和美的感受。”（矛盾）,3.,翻译是跨语言（,cross-linguistic),、跨文化,(cross-cultural),、跨社会,(cross-social),的交际活,动,。,陈宏薇,4.,所谓翻译，就是把用一种语言构成的文本（text)用另一种语言准确而完整地再造出来。,从这个意义上来说，翻译是一种精神产品的再生产过程，是通过翻译工作者的创造性思维活动来完成的。,1.3 翻译的标准,严复,(1853-1921),：信、达、雅,Triple Principle of Translation,信：,(faithfulness),忠实于原文,/,忠实准确,达：,(expressiveness),文辞畅达,/,通顺流畅,雅：,(elegance),文风典雅,/文字古雅,鲁迅：信和顺,主张“宁信而毋顺”，译作“力求其易解”并“保持着原作的丰姿”,林语堂：忠实、通顺和美,刘重德：信、达、切,茅盾喜欢忠实地传达原作的信息内容，忠实地传达原作的内容和风格，译文明白畅达。,瞿秋白主张在翻译中大胆地运用新的表现方式方法，新的字眼，新的句法。,傅雷：传神论/神似说,Transference of soul or spirit,“,以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。”,译文同原文在内容上一致，这叫“意似”，是翻译的最低标准。译文同原文如果能在形式上和精神上同时一致起来，或称“形似”和“神似”，这是翻译的高标准。,理想的译文仿佛是原作者的（中文）写作,。,钱钟书：,化境说,理想,sublimed adaptation,“,文学翻译的最高标准是化。把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原有的风味，那就算得入于化境。”,所谓“化境”，就是原作向译文的“投胎转世”，文字形式虽然换了，而原文的思想、感情、风格、神韵都原原本本地化到了译文的境界里了，丝毫不留下翻译的痕迹，让读者读译作就完全像在读原作一样。,许渊冲诗歌翻译,“三美”和“三化”原则。,(“,三美”,音美、形美、意美；“三化”,深化、浅化、等化,),英国 泰特勒,Tytler -,论翻译的原则,翻译中的三项基本原则：,一、译文应完全复写出原作的思想（相当于“信”）,二、译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同（相当于“雅”）,三、译文应和原作同样流畅（相当于“达”）,美国 奈达,Eugene Nida,:读者反应论忠实原文,；,易于理解,；,形式恰当,；,吸引,读者,使译文读者在读译文时，和原文读者在读原文时有着大体相同的感受,natural/close;dynamic/functional equivalence,苏联 费道罗夫：等值论,Equivalence,与原文作用相符（表达方面的等值）,译者选用的语言材料的等值（语言和文等值）,无论是“信达切”、“信达贴”、“信达化”、“神似”、“化境”还是“翻译的最高境界是化”、“翻译必须重神似而不重形似”等等，都以期修补、更新、完善我国大翻译家严复提出来的“信、达、雅”的翻译标准。可始终没有哪一种新提法能取而代之。因为“信、达、雅”言简意赅，主次突出，全面系统，完整统一。,要达到完全的信、达、雅”或“等值（效果）”只能是一种美好的理想或愿望。能达七八成或八九成之忠实，已是十分的不错了。因为任何一种文字都是有其声音之美，有其意义之美，有其传神之美，有其文气文体形式之美，作为翻译者常会顾其义而丢其神，得其神而忘其体，很难把义、神、气、体、音之美完全兼顾，同时译出,。,忠实、通顺,1.,忠实：,1,）忠实于原作的内容：完整表达原作的内,容，不篡改、歪曲、遗漏或任意增删。,2,）保持原作的风格,即原作的民族风格、时,代风格、语体风格、个人语言风格等。,e.g.Im up to my neck in your bullshit,be up to ones neck in:to be in a difficult situation,深深陷入（困境中）,美国大兵的粗话，译者为了忠实于原作风格，没有把它译成“你把我害得好苦”，而译成“你让我倒他妈的八辈子邪霉了”,2.,通顺：不晦涩，符合汉语习惯，没有逐词死译或硬译的现象。,要达到完全的“信、达、雅”只能是一种美好的理想或愿望。能达七八成或八九成之忠实，已是十分的不错了。因为任何一种文字都是有其声音之美，有其意义之美，有其传神之美，有其文气文体形式之美，作为翻译者常会顾其义而丢其神，得其神而忘其体，很难把义、神、气、体、音之美完全兼顾，同时译出,。,1.,4,.Prerequisites for a translator,有扎实双语基础,有较广百科知识,有较高理论素养,会高超翻译技巧,持严肃认真态度,具一丝不苟精神,应勤查勤用词典,培养多种思维力,不断总结与完善,1)to master the basic translation theory and skills,2)to have a good command of both source language,（,SL,）,and target language,（,TL,）,;,3)vital importance of general knowledge;,(,吕叔湘把翻译称为“杂学”),4)Practice makes perfect(,熟能生巧、译精于勤),3),vital importance of general knowledge,a.history background,pen:,钢笔,in the 19,th,century,:,鹅毛笔,b.culture,红（色）：,喜庆、欢乐、荣耀、革命之类的意义联系起来，,而西方人对,red,一词的联想除了有喜庆、欢乐的一面之外，却也有暴力、流血的一面。,中国人结婚偏爱红色，而英美新娘却以白色礼服见常；在汉文化中,丧葬、哀悼时多以白色为主，而英美则以黑色居多。,中文有“红人”一词，而西方人却不具备这种感情色彩，在他们的思维中，,a faired hair girl,（金发女郎）必会受到上司的青睐，故而常用它比喻受宠的人。,在汉语言中，妻子有外遇，戏称给丈夫戴了绿帽子，若按字面直译为,green cap,西方人是无法理解的，这在英语中叫,a cuckold,。,a lucky dog,love me,love my dog,every dog has his day,人人都有得意的日子。,狗东西,/,狗眼看人低,son of bitch/,act like a snob,dragon,the old dragon dragon lady,魔鬼 母老虎”、“母夜叉,在汉语中,却恰恰相反，“龙”是中华民族的图腾，在古代，“龙”是帝王的象征，后来引申为“权贵”、“成功”、“生气勃勃”、“高贵”的形象，语言中相应出现了“龙颜”、“龙袍”、“望子成龙”、“生龙活虎”、“龙凤呈祥”等褒义的表达，,亚洲四小龙：,four little dragons of Asia,four little tigers of Asia,（,）,1.5,翻译的过程,Processes of Translation,理解,分析,总体了解,表达,转换,重现原文,审校,润色,点睛出神,翻译的过程,小点结束,篇章,段落,词句,理解,词义的选择,固定搭配、成语、短语、惯用词组,歧义,矛盾修辞,逻辑关系,夸张,重复,平行结构,1.5.1,正确理解,(Comprehension Reading),理解的诸多方面如图所示：,Examples:P10-12,例,1,：,If it worked once,it can work twice.,如果它能工作一次，它就能工作两次。,如果它一旦起作用，它能作用两次。,如果再操作一次，它能工作两次。,要是马上干的话，能干两倍的活。,一旦开始，永不停息。,举一反三。,如果它一旦工作，就将取得两倍功效。,立即工作，效率两倍。,万事开头难。,一次得手，再次不愁。,请从下列选项中找出正确译文。,例,2:The child has started going on all fours.,人类起源于四肢动物。,人类经历了四个阶段。,这个小孩已经四岁了。,孩子会爬了。,这个小孩开始全面发育。,那个孩子开始四管齐下。,这个男孩四周观望。,这个男孩开始闯荡四方。,这个男孩每天四点出发。,孩子们开始四面离散。,这个孩子四处奔波。,这个孩子已经鼓足干劲，全力以赴。,这孩子一年四季忙个不停。,孩子们赤身裸足地玩起来了。,这个小孩在接受四个方面的训练。,小孩在满四岁时就什么都懂了。,这个孩子已经开始跳在四个孩子当中。,那个孩子已经同时进行四个项目了。,1,He has a weakness for smoking.,A,他有抽烟的缺点。,B,他有抽烟的癖好。,2,A cat is a,cleanly,animal.,A,猫是一种干净的动物。,B,猫是喜爱清洁的动物。,课堂互动：,找找哪个译文正确,3,His English leaves nothing to be desired.,A,他的英语毫无希望。,B,他的英语无可挑剔。,4,I would rather have his room than his company.,A,我宁可要他的房子，也不要他的公司。,B,我宁愿他不在。,课堂互动：,找找哪个译文正确,5,Your loss is nothing to mine.,A,你的损失与我无关。,B,你的损失和我的（损失）比较起来算不了什么。,6,The patient is waiting to cross the Styx.,A,这个病人正等着过斯蒂克斯河。,B,这个病人已经等死了。,课堂互动：,找找哪个译文正确,7,不见不散,A,no see,no go,B,be there or be square,8,9.11,事件,A,Sept.11,th,event,B,Sept.11 attacks/the tragedy of Sept.11,/9.11,课堂互动：,找找哪个译文正确,理解-exercise,1.Suddenly the line went limp,“Im going back”,said Kurth.“We must have a break somewhere,wait for me.Ill be back in five minutes”,2.It will strengthen you to know that your distinguished career is so widely respected and appreciated.,3.Jon is now with his parents in New York city;it is already three years since he was a bandmaster.,4.John can be relied on.He eats no fish and plays the game,Refer to P10-11,1.5.2 表达,Expressiveness,Literal Translation,/,直译,and,Free Translation,/,意译,Foreignizing Translation,/,异化,and Domesticating Translation,/归化,直译,(,Literal Translation,),指在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中既保持原文的内容，又保持原文的形式,特指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。,但直译不是死译或硬译。,意译,(,Free Translation,),是指如果按照英语字,面意思进行翻译既译不通，又不能有效地表达原,文深层意蕴时，就舍弃英语的字面意思，将原文,的表层结构和表明意思打破重组，译出其引申含,义或言外之意的翻译手法。,1.5.2.1,直译和意译,1.,Literal translation,/,直译,:,But I hated Johnson,and I had a feeling he d surely lead us both to our,ancestors,.（,P 12,）,但是我恨约翰逊，并预感到他肯定会领着咱们,去见祖先,。,2.,Hilter,was,armed to the teeth,when he launched the Second World War,but in a few years,he was completely defeated.,希特勒在发动第二次世界大战时是,武装到牙齿的,，可是不过几年，就被彻底击败了。,to kill two birds with one stone,一石双鸟,to shed crocodile tears,掉鳄鱼眼泪,Chain reaction,连锁反应,Free Translation,/,意译,1.It rains cats and dogs.,2.The Milky Way,3.the apple of my eye,4.Lie,down on the job,（一心）扑在工作上 /磨洋工,5.Dont cross the bridge till you get to it.,不必担心太早。（不必自寻烦恼。）,你以为我是个傻瓜吗？,/,你以为我那么好欺骗吗？,green teacher,经验少的老师,green hand,新手,green-eyed,红眼、嫉妒,红茶,black tea,6,.,Do you see any green in my eye？,white,：纯洁、美好、真实、洁白无瑕、,忠诚、希望,white hope,种子选手,white elephant,大而无用的东西,white lie,吉日,善意的谎言,white war,不流血的战争,a white day,对照,5,句的原文与译文：,1,A brewers wife may drink of a tun.,酿酒人的妻子不愁酒。,近水楼台先得月。,2.He had one foot in the grave.,他的一只脚踏进了坟墓，离死不远了。,他已经是风烛残年。,3.He was only a cock of the dunghill.,他不过是只在自家粪丘上啼叫的公鸡而已。,他只是个井底之蛙。,4.A burned child dreads the fire.,烧伤的孩子害怕火。,一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。,5.Rats desert a falling house.,树倒猢狲散。,Literal Translation or Free Translation?,1:I talked to him with brutal frankness.,（,1,）我同他谈话用粗暴的坦率。（逐词翻译）,（,2,）我同他谈话时，使用了令人不快的真诚的语言。（直译）,（,3,）我对他讲的话，虽然逆耳，却是忠言。（意译）,2.His irritation could not withstand the silent beauty of the night.,（,1,）他的烦恼不能承受夜晚宁静的美丽。（逐词翻译）,（,2,）他的烦恼经不起这宁静的良宵美景的感染。（直译）,（,3,）面对这宁静的良宵美景，他的烦恼不禁涣然冰释了。（意译）,3.When I had satisfied the first sharpness of hunger,I could eat no more.,意译在最初的强烈饥饿感满足以后，我就再也吃不下去了。,4.Watch out for Harlow,hes full of mickey mouse ideas.,字面意义,要小心哈洛，他满脑子都是米老鼠的想法。,意译,要提防着点哈洛，他满脑子歪门邪道。（下流、不高明的看法）,5.A good teacher should have his head in the clouds sometimes,but his feet always on the ground.,字面意义一个好老师的头有时要放在云层中，但他的脚应该永远站在地上。,意译好老师有时应该富于幻想，但时时刻刻必须从实际出发。,异化和归化可以被视为直译和意译的概念延伸，但又不完全等同于直译和意译。,直译和意译主要是局限于语言层面的价值取向，而异化和归化则是立足于文化大语境下的价值取向，两者之间的差异是显而易见的。,1.5.2.2,异化和归化,异化：,Foreignization,指在翻译方法上迁就外来文化的特点,吸纳外语表达方式,.source language,The Trojan Horse,特洛伊木马,Crocodile tears,鳄鱼的眼泪,归化,Domestication,指恪守本族文化的语言传统，回归地道的本族语表达方式。,-target language,降低了理解的难度。但在翻译过程中，却失去了了解、欣赏和借鉴其他国家和民族文化的意义。,To kill two birds with one stone,一石二鸟（异化）,一箭双雕，一举两得（归化）,All roads leads to Rome,条条大路通罗马（异化）,殊途同归（归化）,异化、归化的处理,1.,在可能的情况下，尽量实行异化译法。,Second,，,there is the New York of the commuterthe city that is devoured by locusts each day and spat out each night.,其次是家住郊区，乘公交车到市内上班的人们的纽约,这座城市每到白天就被,如蝗的人群吞噬进去,，每到晚上又给,吐出来,。,2.,如果异化不能完全达意，或者不能完全通畅，则考虑汉语的习惯，做出一定的归化处理。,Youve got to have faith up your sleeve,otherwise you wont succeed.,你必须袖里藏有自信，否则你不会成功（异化）,你必须有锦囊妙计，否则你不会成功（归化）,你必须心中充满自信，否则你不会成功的（“和而不同”）,3.,如果异化译法彻底行不通，我们可以采取归化译法。舍其表层形式，传达深层含义。,With determination,with luck and with the help from lots of good people,I was able to rise from the ashes.,凭着我的决心，我的运气，还有许多善良人们的帮助，我终于,获得新生,。,Some Examples of Domestication,as timid as a hare,胆小如鼠,at a stone s throw,一箭,之遥,wet like a drown rat,湿如落汤,鸡,as stupid as a goose,蠢得像,猪,as stubborn as a mule,犟得像,牛,seek a hare in a hen s nest,缘木,求,鱼,as dumb as an oyster,守口如,瓶,1,：,“,Each of us has his,carrot,and,stick,.In my case,the,stick,is my slackening physical condition,which keeps me from beating opponents at tennis whom I overwhelmed two years ago.My,carrot,is to win.,”,(C.Tucker:,Fear of Death,),【,译文,】,我们人人都有自己的,压力和动力,。就我而言，这,压力,就是我日趋衰弱的身体状况，两年前还是我手下败将的网球对手，现在却打不过了。我的,动力,就是想赢球。,2,The first time I saw her,half of my life ago,she nearly,took my breath away,.,【,译文,】,那还是半辈子前的事，我第一次看见 她，她差点,把我的魂都勾走了,。,总结,1.异化：接近作者,归化：接近读者,2.异化时：不妨碍译文的通顺易懂。,归化时：不改变原作的“风味”，特别是不导致“文化失真”,3.归化：主要表现在“纯语言层面”上,异化：在“文化层面”上力求最大的限度的异化。,1.5.3 审校,(Proofreading&Correction),审校,就是检查译文有无遗漏丢失、错译误译、前后矛盾、关系混乱、文体逻辑等方面的问题；同时还要润色文字，在译文的“传达”上下功夫，力求用词贴切，文从字顺，增强译语的可读性。,审校三步骤,：,初校、复校、定稿,初校:,逐字逐句对照原文本和译文本，注意译文内容上的正误与忠实程度。需注意关键词语的理解是否正确，表达是否适当，句子转换和切分是否合适；特别注意发现漏译和误译；专名、术语、公式、图表应准确无误，长句和复杂段落是否处理合理、顺序适当和衔接自然。,复校：,一般先读译文本，再参照原文本，发现和解决译文本本身的矛盾和问题。复校注意解决：词义的引申、褒贬和感情色彩，词的使用是否规范，搭配是否适当，是否有生造词语；句式选用是否符合汉语语法规范句子长短是否合适并长短相间，句段的衔接和过渡是否自然，有无拗口别扭之处和欧化句子。力求经过两次校核是译文忠实、通顺、易读、可信。,定稿：,专业人士后翻译水平较高的人审核；原文作者亲自校定。,Criteria for Beginners of Translation,(1),忠实：忠实于原作，准确、完整地表达原作的,内容,，尽量体现其,风格,。不得歪曲、增删、遗漏、篡改原作的信息。,(2),通顺：译作语言明白流畅、符合规范；句、段意思连贯，符合语法、逻辑和修辞的规则。不用文理不通、生硬晦涩、模棱两可、随意生造的词句。译作与原作的通顺程度应保持一致，如果原作故意采用某些不通顺或非规范的言辞，应设法加以仿效，以体现忠实于原作的原则。,(3),速度：在符合上述两个标准的前提下，翻译的速度越快越好。,Homework,1.My sister goes back to the fat farm again.,2.The research finds that young women are heading for an early grave through smoking and of lack of exercise.,3.Jack and his wife have had two decades investing in each other since their marriage.,4.Love is patient and kind;love is not jealous or boastful;it is not arrogant or rude.,5.Springs are not always the same.,6.Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market.,7.She was torn between staying at home to watch the TV play serial and going to the cinema with him.,8.Many retirees are couch potatoes who like popping cold beers and relaxing in front of their$2,500 wide-screen high definition television set.,9.Dont take the low-fat label as a license to eat.,10.Research shows that girls in single-parent families are at greater risk for precocious sexuality,teenage marriage,teen pregnancy,and divorce than the girls in two-parent families-and that this is true regardless of race or income.Also,children in disrupted families are nearly twice as likely to drop out of high school.Boys are at greater risk for dropping out,than girls and are more prone to aggressive behavior.,Homework analysis,1.My sister goes back to the fat farm again.,【,译文,】,我妹妹又去减肥中心了。,You have a fat chance,“你没有机会了；你希望渺茫”。,Fat cats are always showing off their money,阔老们总喜欢炫耀他们的财富。,chew the fat,“闲谈”,几个人聚在一起,天南地北地东拉西扯。,2.The research finds