汉英句子比较与翻译市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖PPT课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,汉英句子比较与翻译,刘宁,&,孙怡,第1页,意合和形合,意合：主要靠句子内部逻辑联络，指,“,句子内部连接或句子间连接采取语义伎俩（,Semantic Connection,）,”,形合：句子内部连接或句子间连接采取语言本身语法伎俩（形式伎俩），包含句法伎俩（,Syntactic Devices,）或词汇伎俩（,Lexical Devices,）,第2页,一、英语形正当,1.,关系词和连接词（,Relative Pronouns and Adverbs and Conjunctions,）,2.,介词,preposition),3.,其它连接伎俩,第3页,二、汉语意正当：,1、,语序,2、,重复、排比、对偶、对照等,3、,紧缩句,4、,四字句,第4页,人（若）不犯我，我（则）不犯人,We will not attack,unless,we are attacked.,有饭大家吃（,=,假如有饭话，那就大家一起吃吧！）,Let everybody share the food,if,there is any.,第5页,因为距离远，又缺乏交通工具，使农村社会于外界隔绝，而这种隔绝，又因为通讯工具不足而变得愈加严重。,回译文：,Because there is a great distance and there are not enough transport facilities,the rural world is isolated.The isolation has become more serious because there are not enough information media.,第6页,原文,:The isolation of the rural world,because of distance and lack of transport facilities,is compounded by the paucity of the information media.,第7页,一,.,语法伎俩,冬天是研究树木生长最好季节，即使树叶落了，树枝光了，不过树木本身却是美。,Winter,is,the best season to study the growth process of the tree.Although the,leaves are,gone and the,branches are,bare,the,trees themselves are,beautiful.,第8页,今晚在院子里坐着乘凉，突然想起日日走过荷塘，在这满月光里，总该另有一番样子吧。,译文一、,Tonight I,sat,in the yard enjoying the cool of evening.I suddenly,thought,of the Lotus Pond I,passed,every day:it must surely look different now in the light of the full moon.,第9页,译文二、,Tonight,when I,was sitting,in the yard enjoying the cool,it,occurred,to me that the Lotus Pond,which I,pass,by every day,must assure quite a different look in such a moonlight night.,第10页,二、关系词和连接词,汉语少用甚至不用这类词，句子之间语法关系和逻辑联络重视隐形连贯（,implicit coherence)。,英语却离不开这些关系词和连接词，重视显性衔接（,explicit cohesion,）。,第11页,“,知己知彼，百战不殆；不知己而知彼，一胜一负；不知己而不知彼，每战必殆。,”,“You can fight a hundred battles without defeat if you know the enemy as well as yourself.You will win one battle and lose one battle if you know yourself,but leave yourself in the dark about the enemy.You will lose every battle if you leave both the enemy and yourself in the dark.”,第12页,吃苦在前，享乐在后。,Be the first to bear hardships,and,the last to enjoy the comforts.,第13页,三、使用介词,介词：简单介词，合成介词，成语介词,With,to,in,of,about,between,through,Inside,onto,upon,within,without,throughout,According to,along with,apart from,because of,in front of,第14页,好不轻易说服她，照我想法办。,With,some difficulty I brought her round to my way,of,thinking.,彩虹有各种颜色，外圈红，内圈紫。,The many colors,of,a rainbow range,from,red on the outside,to,violet on the inside.,第15页,四、形合伎俩综合利用,中国将努力促进国内粮食增产，在正常情况下，粮食自给率不低于,95%。,China,endeavors,to increase its grain production,so that,its self-efficiency rate,of,grain,under,normal condition will be,above,95 percent.,第16页,汉英句子成份分析,汉英主语、定语和状语差异及其翻译,第17页,主语：英语考究形合，句意围绕主语展开；汉语句子重意合，组句方式比较灵活，整个句子一所要表示思想为中心构建。,(,一,)、,汉语主语省略：,不怕严寒，不怕危险，不怕饥饿，不怕困难，勇敢战士们，什么都不怕。,Brave soldiers feared nothing not the cold,the danger,the hunger,or the hardship.,第18页,（二）、汉语中散点思维,他魁梧身形，温柔脸，慈爱目光，热情而有力声音，时时出现在会场上,课堂上，杨家岭山下大道边。,Wed see him often by the roadside at the foot of Yangjialing Hill,or in a classroom,or in a meeting hall.Always a physically powerful presence,hed be smiling,his kind eyes sparkling and his voice warm.,第19页,（三）、处理方法：,1.,使用被动结构,有时候因为文化背景和风俗习惯不一样，也轻易引发误会。,Sometimes,misunderstandings can be caused by differences in cultural backgrounds and customs.,第20页,2.,名词结构,因为长江不停改道，在武汉地域形成了众多湖泊。,The constant change of the course of the Yangtze River in history helped form a great many lakes in the areas around Wuhan.,.,第21页,3.,利用,there be,结构,在确定切削速度时，要考虑许多原因。,There are many things to be considered in determining cutting speed.,第22页,4.,使用形式主语,中国要在短时间内到达粮食高产国家水平难度较大。,It will be difficult for China to reach the level of countries with high grain production in a short period of time.,第23页,二、定语,这幅画展现了一个小女孩迎接下班后回家妈妈感人时刻。,This picture shows a touching moment when a,Little girl greets her mother who has come back from work.,第24页,三、状语,因为工作上需要，父亲很关心中国政治问题。,Father is very interested in China politics because of the need of his job.,Because of the need of his job,father is very interested in Chinas politics.,第25页,第三节：逻辑与翻译,一、主观与客观,1.,历史是人民创造。,History is made by the people.,2.,我每当听到一个旧友死去消息，总要惆怅多时。,The news of any old pals death will invariably make me say in my heart for a long,long time.,第26页,二、动态与静态,1.,我怀疑他是否还活着。,I am doubtful whether he is still alive.,2.,他往返摇摆着脑袋，欲望在膨胀，意志在萎缩。,Back and forth his swiveled,desire waxing,resolution waning.,第27页,三、详细与抽象,有些时装设计师为了赶时髦，舍弃了优雅别致式样，而一味追求坦胸露体奇装异服。,In line with latest trends in fashion,a few dress designers have been sacrificing elegance to audacity.,第28页,四、必定是否定,1.,即使是头一回造访女友父母，张明一点都不以为局促。,Zhang Ming was quite at his ease in spite of his first visit to his girl friends parents.,2.,你真不够朋友，一毛钱都不给我。,Some friend you are.You wont lead me a shilling.,第29页,五、直率与含蓄,1.,今晚有空吗？我想请你吃饭。,Id like to invite you to have a dinner if you are free tonight.,2.,我们认为生活在不一样政治社会制度下各国人民应该共处，不但仅是消极共处，而且是要主动友好共处，这是正确而必要。,We believe that its right and necessary that people with different political and social systems should live side by side-not just in a passive way but as active friends.,第30页,热烈欢迎世界各地客商来建立和发展商贸关系。,Customers all over the world are warmly welcomed to establish and develop business contacts with us.,因为计划不周，他不但浪费了时间，而且浪费了全部钱。,Poor planning wasted all his money as well as his time,第31页,不到黄河心不死,Until all is over,ambition never dies.,这次国家调动了160万军队去帮助守护大堤，将被洪水淹没地域百姓迁走。,1.6 million troops have been mobilized to help protect the dikes and to move out of areas being flooded.,第32页,人们已经把李白实际译成了各种外国文字。,The collection of li Bais poems has been translated into many foreign languages.,到去年年底，上海已与好几个国家签署了建造拉索桥协议协议。,By the end of the last year,contracts and agreements were signed with some countries for the construction of chain bridges of Shanghai.,第33页,上海采取了一系列优惠政策来吸引外资。,A series of preferential policies have been adopted in Shanghai to attract foreign capital.,明年将出版更多儿童读物。,More books for children will be published next year.,第34页,不一样人对退休持不一样态度。,Attitudes towards retirement vary from person to person.,她从来没有想到他是个不老实人。,It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man.,第35页,他今天举止有点反常。,There is something strange about his behavior today.宗教不得干预政治。,It is impermissible to interfere with politics in the name of religion.,第36页,资料起源,you,第38页,