高考英语复习-第二部分-专题复习-一语法-3.-数词市赛课公开课一等奖省名师优质课获奖PPT课件.pptx

数 词,1/47,数词定义,数词是表示数目多少或先后次序词,有基数词和序数词两种。,表数量数词叫基数词，如one,two,three,表次序数词叫序数词，如first,second,third,fourth,fifth,.,2/47,基数词,组成,1）112单独记,one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,2)1319词尾为-teen：thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,3)2090逢整十词尾为-ty：twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,.,4)21 99在十位数和个位数之间加连字符组成，如：,73 seventy-three,88 eighty-eight,3/47,5)101 999先说几百，再加and,再加末尾两位数，如：,178 one hundred and seventy-eight,6)1000以上数词，先从后向前数，每三位用一个数逗点“，”隔开。第一个“，”是thousand千，第二个“，”是million百万，第三个“，”是billion美语中十亿（英国用thousand million），然后一节一节地用几百几十几方法来数。,4/47,基数词使用,基数词可在句中作主语、表语、定语、状语、介宾、同位语。,Two,of them are students.主语,Two and two are,four,.表语,We,two,joined the army.同位语,Two thousand,people were present at the meeting.定语,5/47,基数词使用注意事项,1）hundred,thousand,million,billion,score(20),dozen(12)前有数词表示详细数目时，这些词不加“s”。当其前无详细数词时，这些数词要加“s”后再加of 连接名词，来表示不详细量。,如：five hundred people,two score apples,hundreds of people,scores of pears,thousands of,thousands and thousands of,tens of thousands of,millions of,a few hundred men,many thousands of men,some/several million(s of)men,6/47,2)表示“几十”数词复数形式前用形容词性物主代词修饰可用来表示“在某人十几岁时”；用定冠词修饰表示“年代”。,in ones early twenties(thirties)在某人二十（三十）几岁时,the 1840s/the 1840s 19世纪40年代,the 1980s/the 1980s 20世纪80年代,7/47,十亿以上大数，英美有不一样表示：,英国英语 美国英语,十亿thousand million one billion,百亿ten thousand million ten billion,千亿hundred thousand million one hundred billion,万亿one thousand billion one trillion,8/47,年代读法:,297读作two ninety-seven或two hundred and ninety-seven,1908读作nineteen and eight或nineteen o eight或,nineteen hundred and eight,1949读作nineteen forty-nine或nineteen hundred and forty-nine,读作two thousand,9/47,3)a.在美国英语中，表示几点过几分可用after,表示几点差几分可用before。如12点10分：ten after twelve。11点50分：ten before twelve。,b.若想表明是早晨，可在时间后加上am或a.m.(a.m.是拉丁语ante meridiem缩写，意为“早晨”)，若想表明是下午，可在时间后加上pm或p.m.(p.m.是拉丁语post meridiem缩写意为“下午”)。a.m.或p.m.前若是整点，用了a.m.或p.m后，不再用oclock，也不可加“：00”。如：at 8 a.m.（早晨8点），at 5 p.m.（下午5点）。,10/47,c.表示“点整”时，用sharp。如:at nine oclock sharp（九点整），at 23:00 sharp（二十三点整）。,11/47,4)年纪表示,表示“岁”,He is eighteen(years old).He is aged eighteen.,He is at the age of eighteen.His age is eighteen.,表示“快满岁”,He will be eighteen years old.,He is going on eighteen years old.,He is getting on for eighteen.,It will be his eighteenth birthday.,12/47,表示“不满岁”,He is barely/nearly/almost eighteen.,He is not quite/yet eighteen.,He is under/below eighteen.,表示“已经岁”可用以下方法表示：,He is past/over/above eighteen.,He is more than eighteen.,He has turned eighteen.,13/47,表示大约年纪时用“in ones+基数词复数形式”结构。,a.从十三岁到十九岁，用in ones teens.,b.二十岁以上就用in ones twenties/thirties/forties/fifties/nineties，还能够借助early，middle，late来表示得更明确一些。,14/47,序数词,基数词变为序数词,记忆口诀,一二三要单独记：onefirst,two,second,three,third,th要从四加起：fourfourth,five,fifth,.,eight少个t：eight,eighth,nine去掉e：nine,ninth,ve用f来代替：five,fifth,twelve,twelfth,ty变成tie：twenty,twentieth,表第“几十几”，基数加序数记心里：,twenty-onetwenty-first,15/47,序数词使用,1.序数词在句中主要作定语，普通情况下序数词前要加定冠词。,Monday is the second day of a week.星期一是一周第二天。,2.序数词前有时加不定冠词，表示“又一、再一”，相当于another。,Would you like a second cup of tea?你还想再来一杯茶吗？,I had a fourth apple.我(吃了三个苹果后)又吃了一个苹果。,16/47,3.first,second等有时可表示一批人或物。,The first milu deer came from China in the 1860s.,最早麋鹿是在十九世纪六十年代来自中国。,4.有时序数词作状语，不加冠词。,He came out first in the contest.,他在比赛中取得第一名。,5.first,second等在用来指“冠军、亚军”等获胜名次时也常不加冠词。,He is first.他是冠军。,17/47,数词使用,一、百分数、分数、小数组成及使用方法,1)百分数：基数词加百分号（percent）:89%eighty-nine percent,2)分数：分子基数词，分母序数词。分子大于1，分母用复数。1/3:one third,2/5:two fifths,18/47,3)带分数：基数词+and+分数表示：:five and six-sevenths,注意 1/2:a half,one half 1/4:one-fourth,one/a quarter,3/4:three quarters,1/3:a third(33.33r%读作 thirty-three point three three recurring percent),4）小数：小数点读作“point”，数字一律用基数词,1.45:one point four five,19/47,5)通常分数、百分数、小数作定语。“分数（百分数）（of）+名词”作主语时谓语动词是依据名词确定，名词为单数动词即用单数，名词为复数动词即用复数动词。,50%apples are here.,One third apple is eaten.,one and a half后名词用复数，谓语动词普通用单数，不过实际上也可用复数。,20/47,倍数表示,表示倍数时，一倍用once，两倍用twice，三倍以上用“基数词+times”。,1.惯用句式：,.times+形容词/副词比较级than.,.times as+形容词/副词原级+as+.,21/47,times the size/length/height/width/.of+,n,.表示,Li Ming runs twice faster than Lily.,The river is three times longer than that one.,=The river is four times as long as that one.,Our classroom is four times as big as yours.,=Our classroom is three times bigger than yours.,The new building is four times the size of the old one,22/47,2.有时我们用这三个句型变体,1)“.times as many/much+,n,.+as+,n,.”或,“.times as much/many as+,n,.”,We have produced,twice as many cars this year as we expected,.我们今年生产汽车是预期两倍。,There are,four times as many books in our library as in theirs,.,我们图书馆书是他们图书馆四倍。,The price of this product is,twice as much as that of the previous one,.该产品价格是前一个两倍。,23/47,2).times+more+名词+than+被比较对象,He earns five times more money than he did ten years ago.,他现在挣钱是十年前挣五倍。,3).times+that of+被比较对象,The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one.,新扩建广场是以前四倍大。,The hospital charges three to five times that of ordinary ones,这家医院收费是普通医院三至五倍。,24/47,4).times+what从句,The worlds population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.The figure is now approaching 6.5 billion people.,当前世界人口与1800年相比已经增加到那时六倍多，这个数字现在快要65亿。,The price of the meat is now double/twice what it was last year.,现在肉价是去年两倍。,25/47,5).times+over或up to,The grain output in that province is twice over that of.,那个省粮食产量是年两倍。,He is three times up to your age.,他年纪是你三倍。,6).times+compared with+被比较对象,The number of computer imports has increased four times compared with last year.,计算机进口量与去年相比增加了四倍。,26/47,7)用分数、百分数来表示倍数。,The box is one-third bigger than that one.,这个盒子比那个盒子大三分之一。,Last year the output value of industry was 30 percent higher than that of.,去年工业产值比年增加了30%。,27/47,3.用其它方式来表示倍数,Im,twice/double,his age.,我年纪是他两倍。,The top-brand clothes are often sold as,double,the normal price here.,这里名牌衣服售价经常比正常售价高一倍。,Ive paid,five times the usual price,for the stamp.,我出了五倍于往常价格买这枚邮票。,28/47,含糊概数表示法,绝大多数数词在指明事物数目时，是不考虑本身数，但有些数词也有单数和复数形式。,1.当hundred，thousand，million，billion前面有基数词时，用单数形式，词尾不加-s；前面有many，several，a few修饰时，仍用单数形式：several billion years,2.表示概数时，用tenhundred,thousand,billion复数形式加of,后面接复数名词。thousands of lakes and forests,29/47,3.强调数目众多时，可将tens,hundreds,thousands等用of,and或upon连接。,tens of thousands of 几万,hundreds of thousands of 几十万,hundreds and hundreds of 成百上千,thousands upon thousands of 成千上万,30/47,4.dozen和score表示详细数目，也可表示含糊概数,1)dozen和score表示详细数目与基数词连用时,dozen和score用单数形式。,two dozen pencils,three score years,2)dozen表示详细数目时，不加-s也不用of:two dozen eggs。但后接代词、指示代词（these/those等）或所接名词前有限定词，就要加of:a dozen of these books一打这么书,a dozen of us 我们中十二个人,31/47,3)score表示详细数目时，不加-s，但可用of。,a score of eggs二十个鸡蛋 ten score of books 200本书,4)dozen和score表示含糊概数时，加-s并加ofdozens of people几十个人 scores of times几十次,32/47,约数表示法,1.“许多；很多；大量”表示,在英语中，表示“许多，很多，大量”含义单词除了many和much以外，还有许多较惯用词组。,1)只接可数名词复数有several,(a good/great)many,hundreds of,a(large/good/great)number of,numbers of,few,a few,quite a few,not a few等。,33/47,2)只接不可数名词有little,a little,quite a little,an amount of,amounts of,a good/great deal of,a large sum of 等。,3)既可接可数名词复数也可接不可数名词有some,any,all,none,enough,plenty of,a lot of,lots of,a(large)quantity of,quantities of,a diversity of,diversities of,a variety of,varieties of,a world of,a wealth of 等。,34/47,2.表示“多于，超出”用more than或over,3.表示“少于”用less than,4.表示“或以上”用or more,Literally，multimedia means two or more media.,从字面上看，多媒体是指两种或两种以上媒体。,5.表示“或以下”用or less,The whole procedure will take perhaps only five minutes or less.,整个过程只需5分钟甚至更少时间。,35/47,6.表示“大约”用about,around,some等。,Horseracing can be traced to the Olympic Games of about 600 BC.,赛马可追溯到大约公元前600年奥运会。,Some 844 animals and plants have disappeared in the last 150 years.,大约有844种动植物在过去150年里消失了。,I need around 300 dollars.我需要300美元左右。,36/47,7.表示“左右”用or so,Please leave us for five minutes or so，and we have some private business to deal with.,请你先回避五分钟左右，我们有些私事要处理。,37/47,数词特殊使用方法,1.every和数词连用可表示“每隔；每逢”，在基数词后用复数可数名词，在序数词后用单数可数名词。结构有四个：,a.“every other/second+单数名词”表“每隔一”,Please write on every other line.请隔行书写。,b.“every+基数词+复数名词”,He comes here every four days.他每隔三天来此一次。,38/47,c.“every+序数词+单数名词”,He comes here every fourth day.,他每隔三天来此一次。,d.“every few+复数名词”,Please plant a tree every few meters.,请每隔几米栽一棵树。,39/47,2.基数词可用来组成复合形容词。,1)基数词+名词：ten-minute十分钟,two-thousand-word两千词,2)基数词+名词-ed形式,five-storied五层,one-eyed 独眼,3)基数词+名词+形容词,five-month-old五个月大,six-meter-long六米长,40/47,3.基数词用在一些短语中,a month or two一两个月，leave by ones and twos零零落落地离开，in twos and threes三三两两地,Ten to one youll miss your flight.,你很可能要赶不上班机了。,Shes all at sixes and sevens about what to do.,她心里七上八下，不知该怎么办。,41/47,编码表示法,在表示有次序号事物时可用基数词，也可用序数词。如数字较长，防止使用序数词。,序数词放在名词前,并加定冠词；基数词放在名词后，名词不加冠词。,lesson one,the first lesson,Room 521,bus No.2,42/47,其它,1)固定使用方法,at sixes and sevens乱七八糟 one at a time一次一个地,one by one一个一个地 by the dozen以打计,by the hundred以百计 in tens十个十个地,in five hundreds五百五百地,2)表示百分比可用in,out of,one in/out of ten十个中一个,one in a thousand千万次中一次,43/47,书面表示,蓝天旅行社推出赴昆明、大理、丽江7日游，带游客领会,云南风情，聆听山水飞流直下，撞击巨岩；观赏鸟语花,香，彩蝶飞舞。为吸引外国游客，请你用英语拟一份广,告，准备登载在中国日报上。广告须有以下内容：,1线路：昆明、大理、丽江。,2时间：一星期。,44/47,3票价：2998元/人，（315岁）小孩1500元/人；,报价含双飞往返机票、旅途中三星级酒店住宿、膳食；,20人以上团体优惠，欢迎来电咨询（周一至周日24小时,热线：0571-78901234，78904321）。,注意：1不要逐句翻译；词数100左右,2参考词汇：,fast-moving water crashes onto the big rocks/butterfly/fare/travel agency/group rate/tour/package tour/round-way airfare/,45/47,Do you want to hear fast-moving water crash onto the big rocks below?Do you want to see colorful birds,flowers and butterflies?Please join us,the Blue Sky Travel Agency,and spend a week touring Kunming,Dali and Lijiang in Yunnan.,Fare:adults 2998 RMB；children（age 3 to 15）1500 RMB,Group rates are available for 20 or more adults.,46/47,Package tour includes round-way airfare,and all 3-star hotels and meals.,For more(further)information,please call the number 0571-78901234 or 78904321.Call any time,24 hours a day,7 days a week.,47/47,