英语长句分析与翻译技巧省公开课一等奖全国示范课微课金奖PPT课件.pptx

Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,英语长句分析与翻译技巧,1/24,一、英语长句分析,造成长句原因,修饰语过多；,(2),并列成份多；,(3),语言结构层次多。,2/24,找出全句主语、谓语和宾语，从整体上把握句子结构。,(2),找出句中全部谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句引导词。,(3),分析从句和短语功效，比如，是否为主语从句，宾语从句，,表语从句,等，若是状语，它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等,),。,(4),分析词、短语和从句之间相互关系，比如，定语从句所修饰先行词是哪一个等。,(5),注意,插入语,等其它成份。,(6),注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配,。,分析长句时能够采取方法,3/24,结合实例分析,例,1.,Behaviorists,suggest,that,the child,who is raised in,an environment,where there are,many stimuli,which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses,will experiencegreater intellectual development,.,behaviorist,行为学家,stimuli,stmjla,n.,刺激原因,stimulus,复数形式,4/24,结合实例分析,行为主义者认为，假如儿童成长环境里有许多刺激原因，这些原因又有利于其适当反应能力发展，那么，儿童智力就会发展到较高水平。,5/24,结合实例分析,例,2.For a family of four,，,for example,，,it,is more,convenient as well as cheaper,to sit comfortably at home,，,with almost unlimited entertainment available,，,than to go out,in search of amusement elsewhere,.,For a family of four,做状语，表条件,with almost unlimited entertainment available,做伴随状语，修饰,to sit comfortably at home,譬如，对于一个四口之家来说，舒舒适服地在家中看电视，就能看到几乎数不清娱乐节目，这比到外面别地方去消遣又廉价又方便。,6/24,二、英语长句翻译,英语习惯于用长句子表示比较复杂概念，而汉语则不一样，经常使用若干短句，作层次分明叙述。所以，在进行英译汉时，要尤其注意英语和汉语之间差异，将英语长句分解，翻译成汉语短句。,7/24,定语从句翻译技巧,1.,限制性定语从句,用前置法将原文定语从句翻译成定语词组，放在被修饰词之前，从而将复合句译成汉字单句。,I dont know,the man,who was talking with you just now.,8/24,定语从句翻译技巧,用后置法翻译成并列句,The lungs are easily attacked by,several diseases,which are treatable by surgery,.,A painter needs,inspiration,from which all creation flows.,融正当,是指把原句中主语和定语从句融合在一起译成一个独立句子方法。翻译英语,There be,句型和带定语从句复合句时惯用融正当。,There are,many people,who want to live in the cities,.,He did not find,any one,in the house,who will be particularly interested in his career,.,9/24,非限制性,定语从句翻译技巧,前置法译成定语词组,Last night I read,a novel,which is about the life of Chinese people in 1970s,.,后置法译成并列分句,After dinner they resumed,their experiment,which continued till into the night,.,-resume:begin again,，,continue,I told the story to Mary,who told it to her mother.,10/24,非限制性定语从句翻译技巧,译成独立句,We will,put off,the trip until,next month,when the weather will be warmer.(,put off:delay),3.,兼有状语职能定语从句,He insisted on building,another house,，,which he had no use for.(,让步）,I plan to buy a dress for,my daughter,whose birthday is today.,（原因）,I made great effort to learn,computer skills,which would enable me to find a better job after graduation.,（原因）,11/24,英语长句翻译方法,1,次序法。当英语长句内容叙述层次与汉语基本一致时，能够按照英语原文次序翻译成汉语。,1.Even when they turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep,electricity is working for them,driving their refrigerators,heating their water,or keeping their rooms air-conditioned,.,即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时，电仍在为我们工作：帮我们开动电冰箱，把水加热，或使室内空调机继续运转。,12/24,英语长句翻译方法,1,例,2.,But now,it,is realized that,supplies of some of them are limited,，,and,it,is even possible,to give a reasonable estimate of their“,expectation of life,”,，,the time,it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.,分析：该句骨干结构为“,It is realized that”,，,it,为形式主语，,that,引导着,主语从句,以及并列,it is even possible to,结构，其中，不定式作主语，,the time,是“,expectation of life”,同位语，深入解释其含义，而,time,后面句子是它定语从句,可是现在人们意识到，其中有些矿物质蕴藏量是有限，人们甚至还能够比较合理预计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”，也就是说，经过若干年后，这些矿物全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。,13/24,英语长句翻译方法,1,例,3.Prior to the twentieth century,，,women in novels,were stereotypes of lacking any features,that made them unique individuals,and,were also subject to numerous restrictions,imposed by the male-dominated culture.,Prior to,在,之前,stereotypes,模式,be subject to,屈从于,在,20,世纪以前，小说中妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点，因而无法成为含有个性人；他们还要屈从于由男性主宰文化传统强加给他们种种束缚。,14/24,英语长句翻译方法,2,(2),逆序法。英语有些长句表示次序与汉语表示习惯不一样，甚至完全相反，这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。,例,1.,Aluminum,remained,unknown until the nineteenth century,，,because,nowhere,in nature,is it found,free,，,owing to,its always,be,ing,combined with,other elements,，,most commonly with oxygen,，,for which it,has,a strong affinity,.,Aluminum,lu:mnm,铝,affinity fnt,亲密关系,铝总是跟其它元素结合在一起，最普遍是跟氧结合；因为铝跟氧有很强亲和力，因为这个原因，在自然界找不到游离状态铝。所以，铝直到,19,世纪才被人发觉。,15/24,英语长句翻译方法,2,例,2.,It therefore becomes more and more important that,，,if students are not to waste their opportunities,，,there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.,所以，假如要使学生充分利用他们,(,上大学,),机会，就得为他们提供大量关于课程更为详尽信息，作更多指导。这个问题显得越来越主要了。,该句由一个主句，一个,条件状语从句,和一个宾语从句组成，“,变得越来越主要”是主句，也是全句中心内容，全句共有三个谓语结构，包含三层含义,16/24,英语长句翻译方法,2,例,3.,Such is a human nature in the West that,a great many people,are often willing to,sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.,许多人宁愿牺牲比较高工资以换取成为白领工人社会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情。,17/24,英语长句翻译方法,3,(3),分句法。有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词关系并不十分亲密，翻译时能够按照汉语多用短句习惯，把长句从句或短语化成句子，分开来叙述，为了使语意连贯，有时需要适当增加词语。,例,1.,The number of the young people,in the United States,who cant read,is incredible,about one in four,大约有,1/4,美国青年人没有阅读能力，这简直令人难以置信。,18/24,英语长句翻译方法,3,例,2.,All they have to do is press a button,，,and they can see plays,，,films,，,operas,，,and shows of every kind,，,not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.,他们所必须做只是按一下开关。开关一开，就能够看到电视剧、电影、歌剧，以及其它各种各样文艺节目。至于政治问题辩论、最近激感人心足球赛更是不在话下。,19/24,英语长句翻译方法,3,例,3.,Although perhaps only 1 per cent of,the life,that has started somewhere,will develop into,highly complex and intelligent patterns,，,so,vast is the number of planets,that,intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.,即使在某处已经开始生命中可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧型式，不过行星数目如此之多，以致有智慧生命一定是宇宙一个天然组成部分。,20/24,英语长句翻译方法,4,4),综正当。在翻译一个英语长句时，并不只是单纯地使用一个翻译方法，而是要求我们把各种方法综合使用。尤其是在一些情况下，一些英语长句单纯采取上述任何一个方法都不方便，这就需要我们仔细分析，或按照时间先后，或按照逻辑次序，顺逆结合，主次分明地对全句进行综合处理，方便把英语原文翻译成通顺忠实汉语句子。,21/24,英语长句翻译方法,4,例,1.,People were afraid to leave their houses,，,for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency,，,they were just,as,confused and helpless,as,anybody else.,分析：该句共有三层含义：在这三层含义中，,表示让步，,表示原因，,而则表示结果，,尽管警察已接到命令，要作好准备以应付紧急情况，但人们不敢出门，因为警察也和其它人一样不知所措和无能为力。,22/24,英语长句翻译练习,It is probably easier for,teachers,than for,students,to appreciate,the reasons,why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult,once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.,一旦了解英语基本结构和句型，再往下学似乎就越来越难了，这其中原因，可能教师比学生更轻易了解。,23/24,Thank you!,E-mail adress:,englishxyk,Password:englishxyk,24/24,