21《庄子》二则(正式)省公开课一等奖全国示范课微课金奖PPT课件.pptx

新课导入,庄周,曾,梦见自己变成一只蝴蝶,，,轻舞飞扬、飘然高兴,。,于是他全然忘记了自己是庄周。醒来之后,，,庄子对于自己终究,是庄周,，,还是蝴蝶,，,感到惊奇诧异。仔细想想,，,不知是庄周做梦变成蝴蝶了呢,，,还是蝴蝶做梦变成了庄周,？,1/110,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,庄子想法表示了一个,人生如梦,人生态度,。今天，就让我们一起走近庄子，学习庄子人生哲学！,2/110,21,庄子,二则,R,八年级语文下册,3/110,学习目标,了解庄子作品及其思想主张；积累惯用文言词语，整体把握课文大意。,（重点）,体味对话中人物语气，了解课文中两则寓言阐述道理。,（难点）,学习庄子追求逍遥洒脱人生态度无所恃绝对自由精神境界。,（难点）,4/110,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,作者介绍,庄周（约前,369,前,286,），战国时宋国蒙（今河南商丘东北）人。哲学家，道家学派代表人物。曾做过漆园吏。,5/110,庄子,是庄周及其后学著作集，为,道家,经典之一。,庄子,一书，据,汉书,艺文志,记载有,52,篇，现在仅存,33,篇，分为内篇、外篇、杂篇。,庄子,散文在先秦诸子中独具格调，文章已完全突破了语录形式而发展成为专题论文。,庄子,散文辛辣、幽默、形象、生动，富有趣味性以及艺术魅力,。,作品介绍,6/110,庄生晓梦迷蝴蝶,庄周梦见自己变成蝴蝶，欣然自得地飞舞着一只蝴蝶，感到多么愉快和惬意啊！突然间醒起来，,梦醒之后发觉自己还是庄子,。,于是他不知道自己到底是梦到庄子蝴蝶呢，还是梦到蝴蝶庄子。后以,“,庄生梦蝶,”,比喻,梦中乐趣或人生改变无常。,7/110,对名利轻蔑,庄子佚事,庄子在濮水边垂钓，楚王派遣两位大臣先行前往致意，说：,“,楚王愿将国内政事（委托给你）而劳累你了。,”,庄子手把钓,竿，头也不回地说：,“,我听说楚国有一神龟，已经死了三千年了，楚王用竹箱装着它，用巾饰覆盖着它，珍藏在宗庙里。这只神龟，是宁愿死去为了留下骨骸而显示尊贵呢，还是宁愿活着在泥水里拖着尾巴呢？,”,两位大臣说：,“,宁愿拖着尾巴活在泥水里。,”,庄子说：,“,你们走吧！我仍将拖着尾巴生活在泥水里。,”,8/110,庄子将死时候，他弟子想要厚葬他。庄子说：“我拿天地当棺材，日月当宝璧，星辰当珍珠，万物当随葬物品，莫非我葬品还不齐备吗？还有比这更加好吗？”弟子们说“我们恐怕老鹰、乌鸦啄食你呀！”庄子说：“在地面上被老鹰、乌鸦吃，埋在地下被蝼蚁吃，夺了那个食给这个吃，你们怎么那么偏心呀！”,面对死亡安然,坦然,庄子佚事,9/110,第一则选自,庄子集释,，自晋人郭象以来，众家莫不把它篇旨看作是论“逍遥”，而且以,“逍遥游”作为庄子人生追求理想境界,，这一点几乎没有异议，但在关于何为“逍遥”，怎样才能“逍遥”问题上，出现了种种分歧，从而影响到对该篇思想意义及相关问题正确了解。,10/110,背景材料,庄子生活年代，正是我国古代社会大变革、大动荡时代，那时周王朝名存实亡，各诸侯国之间斗争愈演愈烈，战争也空前残酷。庄子天资卓绝，聪明勤奋，并非生来就无用世之心。不过面对,“窃钩者,(,小偷,),诛，窃国者（大偷）诸侯”腐败社会，庄子不屑与之为伍。,而“王公大人不能器之”现实处境，也使他无法施展理想。,既然人世如此污浊，他追求自由心灵只好在幻想天地里翱翔，在绝对自由境界里寻求解脱。,正是在这种情况下，庄子写出了苦闷心灵追求之歌,逍遥游,。,11/110,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,字词学习,鲲（）徙（）抟（）,南冥（）谐（）,则已矣（）,正色邪（）,kn,x,tun,mn,xi,y,y,12/110,停顿：,A,其翼若垂天之云,B,抟扶摇而上者九万里,C,生物之以息相吹也,/,/,/,/,13/110,夸大句：,夸大句要重读,顶真句：,读出连绵流畅之感,天之苍苍,无所至极邪,读得深情款款,14/110,北冥有鱼,15/110,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,文言小结,南冥者，,天池,也（）,古今异义,古义：天然形成水池,今义：高山湖泊名,16/110,而,怒,而,飞,其远,而,无所至极邪,（,连词，表修饰,）,（,连词，表因果,）,其,其,正色邪,不知,其,几千里也,（,连词，表示选择,）,（,代词，代鲲,）,一词多义,17/110,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,词类活用,其视,下,也,（名词用作状语，往下）,志,怪,者也,（形容词用作名词，怪异事情）,水,击三千里,（名词用作形容词，在水面上）,南冥者，,天,池也,（名词用作形容词，天然）,18/110,文言句式,判断句：,齐谐,者，志怪者也,（“,者,也”表判断）,生物之以息相吹也,其名为鲲,南冥者，天池也,志怪者也。,19/110,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,倒装句：,去以六月息者也,（介词短语后置句，应为“以六月息者也去”）,20/110,二、关键句子翻译,1.,齐谐者,志怪者也。,齐谐是记载怪异事物书。,2.怒而飞,其翼若垂天之云。,当它振翅奋飞时候，那展开双翅就像悬挂在天边云彩。,3.鹏之徙于南冥也,水击三千里。,鹏鸟迁徙到南方大海之时，振翅击水而行，激起波涛浪花有三千里。,4.抟扶摇而上者九万里,去以六月息者也。,它乘着旋风围绕而上，一直冲上九万里高空，凭借着六月大风才能离开。,21/110,北,冥,有鱼，其名,为,鲲,。鲲之大，不知其几千里也；化而,为,鸟，其名为鹏。鹏之背，不知,其,几千里也；,怒,而飞，其,翼,若,垂,天之云。,冥：,为,鲲：,为,其,怒：,翼,若,垂,同“溟”，海。,大鱼名。,用力鼓动翅膀。,好像。,是。,悬挂。,翅膀。,它，指脊背。,成为。,22/110,北方大海里有一条鱼，它名字叫做鲲。鲲体积，真不知道大到几千里；改变成为鸟，它名字就叫鹏。鹏脊背，真不知道长到几千里；当它奋起而飞时候，那展开双翅就像天边云。,23/110,是,鸟也，海运则将,徙,于,南冥。南冥者，,天,池也。,齐谐,者，,志,怪,者也。谐,之言曰：“鹏之徙于南冥也，水,击,三千里，,抟,扶摇,而上者九万里，,去,以,六月,息,者也。”,野马,也，尘埃也，生物之,以,息相吹也。,是,海运,徙,于,天：,志,怪,击：,抟：,扶摇,去,以,息：,野马,以,海水运动。,天然,记载，怪异事物。,拍打。,盘旋翱翔。,旋风。,像野马般飞跃山野中雾气。,气息，这里指风。,离开。,凭借。,用。,这,迁移，到。,24/110,这只鹏鸟呀，伴随海上汹涌波涛迁徙到南方大海。南方大海是个天然大池。,齐谐,是一部专门记载怪异事情书，这本书上记载说：“鹏鸟迁徙到南方大海，翅膀拍击水面激起三千里波涛，海面上急骤狂风盘旋而上直冲九万里高空，离开北方大海用了六个月时间方才停歇下来”。,25/110,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,天之,苍苍,，其,正,色,邪,？其远而,无所,至,极,邪？,其,视,下,也，亦,若,是,则已,矣。,苍苍：,正,色,：,邪：,其,极：,下：,是：,则已,湛蓝。,同“耶”，疑问语气词。,真正，颜色。,尽头。,向下。,这么。,它，代鹏鸟。,而已,26/110,春日林泽原野上蒸腾浮动如同奔马雾气，低空里沸沸扬扬尘埃，都是大自然里各种生物气息吹拂所致。天空是那么湛蓝湛蓝，莫非这就是它真正颜色吗？抑或是高旷辽远没法看到它尽头呢？鹏鸟在高空往下看，不过也就像这个样子罢了。,27/110,齐读,整体感知,28/110,1,：,开头从哪些方面描写鲲鹏？写出了哪些特点2,：,中间写鲲鹏怎样才能迁徙到南海？水雾尘埃靠什么才能运动？,3,、最终写鹏与人有什么相同之处？,梳理全文思绪，分作三层,29/110,文章结构,第,1,层,：,出身非凡,形体硕大（,体、背、翼,）,改变神奇,奋飞壮美（,抟扶摇而上九万里）,第,2,层：,第,3,层：,鹏鸟水雾尘埃等，都必须凭借风力。,鹏与人一样，都看不到天尽头,描述鲲鹏形象,30/110,“,鲲鹏”可高飞九万里，能从北海飞到南海，但必须借助“海运”“扶摇”，,.,“野马”“尘埃”运动依靠,气息吹拂，,意在阐明什么道理？,人对事物认识有没有局限呢？从书上哪个句子能够看出来？,读课文，思索讨论以下问题。,31/110,1.鲲鹏”可高飞九万里，能从北海飞到南海，但必须借助“海运”“扶摇”，,.,“野马”“尘埃”运动依靠,气息吹拂？,意在阐明什么道理？,鲲鹏展翅高飞，必须凭借大风，,“野马”“尘埃”运动也必须依靠气息。,可见，世上万物不论大小，都要凭借外力才能活动，都受到不一样限制，处于不一样束缚之中。,“逍遥”要有所依凭。,32/110,现实意义：,作者在文中表明自己观点：世间万物都是由所凭依，是不自由。就连宏大鲲鹏也不例外，这就让我们意识到，,自由是相正确，世界上没有绝正确自由。只有恪遵法纪，知道自律人，才会有自由空间和生活。,33/110,所以，庄子看来，大鹏也好，“野马”“尘埃”也好，,看似逍遥，其实并没有到达真正逍遥。,庄子认为怎样才能到达真正逍遥？,悠然自在、无所拘束，,身体和心灵到达自由之境,状态；,经典神仙形象：,至人无己,神人无功,圣人无名,.,34/110,惠 子 相 梁,惠施做了梁国国相，庄子去探望他。有些人告诉惠施说：“庄子到梁国来，想取代你做宰相。”于是惠施非常害怕，在国都搜捕三天三夜。庄子前往见他。说：“南方有一个鸟，它名字叫鸩鹑，你知道吗?鸩鹑从南海起飞飞到北海去，,不是梧桐树不栖息，不是竹子果实不吃，不是甜美如醴泉水不喝。,在此时猫头鹰拾到一只腐臭老鼠，鸩鹑鸟从它面前飞过，（猫头鹰）仰头看着鸩鹑，发出吓怒斥声。现在你也想用你梁国来吓我吧?”,35/110,本文极其辛辣讽刺了惠子醉心功名利禄，心胸狭小,表现庄子清高自守，淡薄功名利禄。,36/110,中心思想：,作者借大鹏乘风翱翔，雾气、尘埃等漂浮现象，说明了：,作为,形体生命,，是没有绝对自由，也不可能有；,而,人精神,，是应该绝对自由，表示了作者对精神自由地追求。,37/110,任何事物存在都是依附于一定条件，那么人对事物认识有没有局限呢？从书上哪个句子能够看出来？,天之苍苍,亦若是则已矣。,因为天空高远（,受到距离限制,），人不能看到它尽头和真正色彩，人有局限，鹏鸟也有局限，不能真正看清天本色。,所以，,人对事物认识是有局限。,所以要吸收庄子思想中主动原因，不能效仿其消极原因。,38/110,主动原因抟扶摇而上九万里”鲲鹏，给了你怎样启示？作为中学生应该怎样做呢？,鹏鸟展翅高飞，威力无比，气势宏大，搏击于天空，,启示：,人们要胸怀远大理想和理想，勇于搏击，勇于追求，也要善借外力。,39/110,作为新世纪弄潮儿，同学们应该,主动进取、奋力拼搏，实现自己人生价值,。,学习没有捷径可走，得下苦功。,对于我们学生来说，,更应该遵照学习规律,。可是我们有些学生，却对此视而不见。有平时不学，考试时才临阵磨枪；有三天打鱼，两天晒网；有上课走神，回家边学边玩,最终造成自己成绩不理想，更主要是基础文化知识不能系统扎实地掌握，好学习习惯没有及时养成，这么，我们怎样去适应时代发展需要呢？,40/110,我敬仰鲲鹏，因为鲲鹏入深海，翔九天，胸怀远大理想和理想，搏击长空，纵横大海，就像范仲淹、诸葛亮、毛泽东等历史人物，他们以天下苍生为己任，推进历史向前发展,你敬仰鲲鹏吗？谈谈你理由。,41/110,对于庄子思想中,虚无主义,、,绝对自由,以及,遁世避患,等,消极原因,，我们应该,摒弃,。,42/110,庄子当然是圣人，但我们不能浅薄羡慕，拙笨效仿。我们每个人都应该认清当前自己，找到属于自己位置，走自己道路。,人生，越努力，越幸运,！,仅以此歌送给正在奔跑人！,43/110,写法探究,44/110,艺术特色,1.,巧借寓言故事，阐述人生哲理。,庄子利用大鹏南飞凭借风力量故事，讲述了大鹏翱翔受到了风限制，还是有所依赖，所以大鹏还是有所,凭借,，并没有到达真正逍遥，说理形象，寓意深远。,45/110,2.,对比鲜明，突出了哲理。,那些山野中游气,(“,野马”,),、飞尘,(“,尘埃”,),，空中活动之物,(“,生物”,),，皆由风相吹而动。与鲲、鹏相比，它们实在是太渺小了，但它们要能够动起来，依然要有所凭借，即有所“待”。显然，它们也没有到达逍遥。,可见事物不论大小，都会受到限制，汉有绝正确自由。,46/110,3.,想象丰富，夸大奇特，意境开阔，,充满浪漫主义色彩,。,“大鹏”“野马”“尘埃”都展现了庄子丰富想象力，想象雄奇瑰丽，汪洋恣肆，跌宕多姿，用形象、生动故事来说明一个它们都有所待，没有到达真正逍遥道理。,47/110,（）、文章标题为北冥有鱼，以后怎么又写鸟了？,鸟是由鱼改变而来。鲲体积有几千里，变成鸟后，鸟背部不知有几千里。说明庄子,想像力丰富,。,（）、,鹏形象怎样呢？作者,用何种手法,描写这一形象呢,?,形体硕大无比、,改变神奇莫测、,奋飞时气势壮美。,用手法描述鲲鹏。,“,不知其几千里也,”,言其形，,“,若垂天之云,”,言其翼，,“,北冥,”“,南冥,”“,九万里,”,言其活动天地，极言鲲鹏形体之大、改变之神奇、飞腾时气势之壮观，一开头就向我们展示了一幅雄奇壮丽画卷。,夸大,48/110,用夸大,手法描述鲲鹏，“不知其几千里也”言其形，“若垂天之云”言其翼，“北冥”“南冥”“九万里”言其活动天地，极言鲲鹏形体之大、改变之神奇、飞腾时气势之壮观，一开头就向我们展示了一幅雄奇壮丽画卷。,49/110,赏析“鹏之徙于南冥也，水击三千里，抟扶摇而上者九万里”。,此句利用,丰富想象，奇特夸大，,描写了鲲鹏振翅拍水，盘旋飞向九万里高空形象，这一形象,能激发人豪情壮志，含有强烈艺术感染力。,“击”“抟”等字生动传神，,让人产生丰富想象和联想。,50/110,4.利用了比喻、夸大、拟人等各种,修辞手法。,“其翼若垂天之云”,51/110,鹏程万里：,形容前途远大。,扶摇直上：,形容地位、名声、价值等快速上升。,唐朝诗人李白,上李邕,曾说：大鹏一朝同风起，扶摇直上九万里。,”诗句意思是：大鹏总有一天会和风飞起，凭借风力直上九天云外。李邕,【yng】擅长诗文，当初文士很多都投在他门下。从上李邕这首诗中，能够看出青年时代李白豪情壮志。,成语,52/110,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,主旨归纳,这则故事以大鹏南飞作比喻，说明世上万物不论大小，都受到不一样限制，处于不一样束缚之中，所以，大鹏状似逍遥，其实还没有到达真正逍遥。,53/110,第二则，庄子与惠子因为基本观点差异，在讨论问题时，便经常相互“抬杠”，对惠子批评，庄子都是站在自己哲学观点上，而他最大用意，则在于借惠子来抒发己意。他们两人在现实生活中当然有距离，,在学术观念上也很对立,，但,在情谊上，惠子却是庄子生平唯一契友。,54/110,庄子（约前,369,年,前,286,年）,名,，,时,宋国蒙人。著名,家，是,家,学派代表人物。庄子追求,“,”,所持宇宙与人关系是,“”,，是,物我两忘,。他超越了任何知识体系限制，来认知世界反观人生，他哲学是一个,生命,哲学。,周,战国,哲学,道,天地与我并生，而万物与我为一,天人合一,55/110,濠,梁（）,鲦,鱼（）,ho,tio,子,非我，,安,知我不知鱼之乐,庄子与惠子游于濠,梁,之上,鲦鱼出游,从容,，,是,鱼之乐也,子,之,不知鱼之乐，全矣,既已,知吾知之而问我，我知之濠上也。,56/110,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,文言小结,安,知鱼之乐（）,子,非我，安知我不知鱼之乐（）,古今异义,古义：怎么 今义：安全,古义：对人尊称,今义：孩子，儿子,57/110,之,安知鱼,之,乐,既已知吾知,之,而问我,子,之,不知鱼之乐，全矣,（,助词，,）,（,代词，代鱼高兴,）,（,助词，用于主谓之间，取消句子独立性，无义,）,58/110,文言句式,判断句：,是鱼之乐也,（“,也”表判断）,59/110,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,倒装句：,庄子与惠子游于濠梁之上,（状语后置句，应为“庄子与惠子于濠梁之上游”）,60/110,省略句：,我知之濠上也,（省略介词“于”，应为“我知之于濠上也”）,61/110,安知，,我不知鱼之乐,“,我不知鱼之乐,”，这句话一起作“知”宾语,子之不知鱼之乐，,全,矣,你不知道鱼高兴，是,）完全必定,!”,62/110,庄子与惠子游于濠梁之上,ho,濠水上桥。濠，水名，在今安徽凤阳。,63/110,文意疏通,庄子与惠子游于濠,梁,之上。庄子曰：“鲦鱼出游,从容,，,是,鱼之乐也。”惠子曰：“子非鱼，安知鱼之乐？”庄子曰：“子非我，,安,知我不知鱼之乐？”惠子曰：“我非子，,固,不知子矣；子,固,非鱼也，子之不知鱼之乐,全,矣！”,桥,这,怎么,当然,原来,完全，确定是,悠然自得,64/110,庄子曰：“请,循,其,本,。子曰：,汝,安,知鱼乐,云者，既已,知吾知之而问我，我知之濠上也。”,顺着,你,说法,已经,本原,在哪里,65/110,庄子与惠子游于濠梁之上。,庄子曰鯈鱼出游从容，是鱼之乐也。”,惠子曰：“子非鱼，安知鱼之乐？”,庄子曰：“子非我，安知我不知鱼之乐？”,庄子和惠子在濠水桥上游玩。,“鯈鱼在河水中游得悠然自得，这是鱼高兴啊。”,惠子说：“你不是鱼，怎么知道鱼高兴呢,?”,庄子说：“你不是我，怎么知道，我不知道鱼高兴呢,?”,原文对译：,66/110,惠子曰：“我非子，固不知子矣；,子固非鱼也，子,之,不知鱼之乐，全矣！”,庄子曰：“请循其本。子曰汝安知鱼乐云者，既已知吾知之而问我，我知之濠上也。”,惠施说：“我不是你，当然不知道你了；,你,原来,就不是鱼，你不知道鱼高兴，（,是,）完全必定,!”,庄子说：“请从我们最初话题说起。你说你在哪里知道鱼高兴说法，（,说明你,）已经知道我知道鱼高兴才问我，我在濠水桥上知道啊。”,67/110,庄子与惠子论辩十分巧妙，试说说巧妙在哪里。,68/110,【庄子】,鲦,鱼出游从容，是鱼之乐也。,【惠子】,子非鱼，,安,知鱼之乐？,【庄子】,子非我，安知我不知鱼之乐？,【惠子】,我非子，固不知子矣；子固非鱼也，子之不知鱼之乐,，,全矣！,【庄子】,请循其本。子曰“汝,安,知鱼乐”云者，既已知吾知之而问我，我知之濠上也。,阅读并思索：,69/110,【庄子】,鲦,鱼出游从容，是鱼之乐也。,【惠子】,子非鱼，,安,知鱼之乐？,庄子发出不经意感叹,惠子抓住不放，,责问庄子,，论辩由此展开,70/110,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,惠,:,子非鱼，,安,知鱼之乐？,庄,:,“,子非我，安知我不知鱼之乐？”,面对惠子难题，庄子,避开正面回答惠子问题，,而,采取反过来责问,方法回答,，,以“非我”者“不知我”，推论“不知我”者不知“我知鱼”，据理力争，变被动为主动，化解了危机，足见庄子机智。,71/110,【庄子】,子非我，安知我不知鱼之乐？,【惠子】,我非子，固不知子矣；子固非鱼也，子之不知鱼之乐,，,全矣！,面对庄子,，,惠子,抓住庄子漏洞,，采取,逻辑推理，,首先，,以退为进,，认可不是庄子，故不知道庄子，然后照此推理，庄子不是鱼，所以也不知鱼之乐。,“以子之矛，攻子之盾”方法,72/110,【惠子】,我非子，固不知子矣；子固非鱼也，子之不知鱼之乐,，,全矣！,【庄子】,请循其本。子曰“汝,安,知鱼乐”云者，既已知吾知之而问我，我知之濠上也。,面对惠子,，庄,子被逼到了更为尴尬境地，本该无言以对，但他又返回争论起点，利用,偷换概念,（,“安”,）,技巧,，避重就轻地将惠子发难化解了,73/110,惠子：,怎么,庄子：,从哪里,74/110,你认为在庄子和惠子辩论中，谁是胜者？,（,1,）从故事本身来看，庄子占了上风。,结尾处，在惠子巧妙地援引庄子反驳建立起符合逻辑推理后，庄子似乎应该无言以对而就此认输，可是他却又返回争论起始，偷换概念而避重就轻地将惠子发难化解了。,（,2,）从逻辑上看，惠子是胜者,。,惠子巧妙地援引庄子反驳进行了符合逻辑推理：首先认可自己不是庄子，所以不知庄子感受；然后照此推理，庄子不是鱼，所以也不知道鱼之乐。所以说，惠子才是胜者。,75/110,1.,庄子坚持认为“出游从容”鱼儿很高兴，表现了他怎样心境？,庄子认为鱼“乐”，其实是,他愉悦心境投射与外化。,他认为一切事物都是相正确，人认识也是如此，他来到濠水之滨，,“从容出游”感到高兴，于是见到“出游从容”鱼也高兴。,所以庄子说自己是到了濠水时才感到鱼高兴，不然哪能见到鱼高兴呢？,76/110,庄周必定自己能知道鱼之乐，从认知规律上来说，庄子逻辑推理纯属诡辩，但这种诡辩并不使人反感，因为,庄子完全是以艺术心态去对待世界，,