高考英语高考英语完型填空专题省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课获奖PPT课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高考英语完形填空专题,1/40,完形填空是NMET试题中一个主要部分。“完形填空共20题(从第3655题)，考试时间为,15分钟,，分值为30分，占总分20。在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中短文(约250词)内留有20个空格，每个空格为一题，每小题有四个选择项，要求考生在,全方面了解内容,基础上选择一个,最正确答案,，使短文意思和结构恢复完整。填空词项包含,结构词和实义词,。”,“完形填空部分,目标,是测试学生综合利用语言能力”,。,（测试能力要求大致靠近大学非英语专业二年级水平。）,高中英语课程标准和考试说明对高考完形填空要求,2/40,语法结构,词汇题,篇章结构,高考完形,填空考什么？,3/40,词汇伎俩,复现,同现,4/40,词汇复现关系指是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、概括词或其它形式重复出现在语篇中，语篇中句子经过这种复现关系到达了相互衔接。,词汇复现关系又可分为,原词,复现、,同义词或近义词,复现,、,上下,义词复现和,概括词,复现四类。,复现,5/40,eg:,1.They go to sleep in all kinds of places.Red squirrels disappear inside trees,bears use caves,frogs go deep under the mud,and many other animals dig holes in the earth.,2.Indeed without Einstein s theory，which was the resul to many complicated mathematical calculations，there would never have been any practical,application of nuclear power,3.At that moment,however,he felt strangely unwilling to do so.Instead of moving backward as planned,he took a step forward,and then another!,(概括和同义复现),上下义词复现,反义复现,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,6/40,It can be said that foreign _74_ that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset also(creates)problems of adjustment,both for the university and for the individual.fessor and his students(lack)background in each others culture.74.A.situation B.background,C.circumstances D.condition,四个选项都表示情况概念,而一个外籍老师情况又该用什么词来表示,经过文章后半部阅读考生就不难发觉background一词，便可判断此处答案为B。,7/40,As the plane circled over the airport,everyone sensed that something was wrong.Moving the pilot(aside),the man took his seat and listened carefully to the(urgent)instructions that were being sent by radio from the airport(below).The plane was now dangerously close(to)the ground,but to everyones(relief),it soon began to climb.The man had to _84_ the airport several times in order to become(familiar)with the controls of the plane.Following _88_,the man guided the plane toward the airfield.84.A.surround B.circle C.observe D.view 88.A.impressions B.information,C.inspections D.instructions,8/40,从上文中circled能够推断84在机场上盘旋应该是B。从上文中listened to the instructions能够判断88为D。这么，84为上文中circle复现；follow instructions 为listen to instructions复现。,Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students.It is the _80_responsibility to find books,magazines,and articles in the library.A.students B.professors,C.assistants D.librarians,从前面responsibilities for learning lie with the students能够判断查找材料也应该是学生责任，所以答案为A。,2)同义词、近义词复现,9/40,Forcing yourself to recall(almost)never helps because it doesnt _ your memory;it only tightens it.81.A.loosen B.weaken C.decreaseD.reduce,There are four types of blood._67_ types are found in every race,and no type is distinct to any race.67.A.All B.Most C.No D.Some,前后两部分互为解释一为必定，一为否定，为反义复现。从下文tighten能够判断，上文应该是选loosen。并列连词and说明前后语意一致，那么，前后应该是反义复现，与no 反义自然是A(all)。,10/40,Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students.If a long reading assignment is given,the instructors expect students to be familiar with the(information)in the reading When research is _78_,the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with(minimum)guidance.78.A.collected B.assigned,C.distributed D.finished,该部分作者经过两个例子说明，应该有学生负责自己学习，都是从布置作业方面解释。说明布置阅读作业时要求学生怎样；布置研究作业时又该要求学生怎样。两个例子概念复现，借助于give reading assignment表示方式，能够确定78应该是B，组成assign research结构,3)同源词复现,11/40,(Although)these wide modern roads are generally(smooth)and well maintained,with(little)sharp curves and many straight(sections)others are uneven road _85_ through the country.85.A.driving B.curving C.crossing D.travelling,上文中提升高速公路上弯道时用是curve，85复现弯道概念，用应该是与curve相关动词，即curving,12/40,Regardless of his method,he is working to obtain a _85_ result:the construction of a harvesting machine,the burning of a light bulb,or one of(man)other objectives.85.A.single B.sole C.specialized D.specific Consider the everyday English _87_ Goodbye.87.A.expression B.statement,C.proverb D.conversation,冒号后自然是对上文解释，从解释内容来看，三者统一于一个概念之下：specific为详细，所以答案为D /B是特殊,Goodbye为所填之词同位语，goodbye 为下义词，其上义词应该是A，expression。,4)上义词复现,13/40,1)场所同现 This is thought to be a _89_ where further study is called(for).89.A.a scope B.field C.range D.district,研究就有研究领域、研究课题、从事研究人员。所以 研究与领域是同现，答案自然就是B。,14/40,Another(way)to divide the study of _80_ is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography.The former focuses on the natural world;the _81_ starts with human beings and _82_ how human beings and their environment act(upon)each other.But when geography is considered as a single subject,_84_ branch can neglect the other.80.A.world B earth C.globe D.geography81.A.second B.next C.later D.latter82.A.learns B.studies CrealizesD.understands84.A.neither B.to C.one D.by,15/40,从文章主题(也就是话题)来看，本短文所谈论是地理。地理作为一门科学有其研究内容。所以，geography,science,study是同现词汇,80答案为D，这从下文分述中复现也可证实；82答案为B，是同现动词。从上文former使用能够推断82答案为D，因former与latter为结构同现。最终the other使用说明只有两个，况且这一段所讨论就是两种地理观区分，那么二者都不自然就是neither，也就是说neither与the other原来是同现关系。,16/40,2)修饰同现,(Although)these wide modern roads are generally _72_ and well maintained,with(little)sharp curves and many straight _74_,a direct route is not always the most(enjoyable one).72.A.stable B.smoothC.splendidD.complicated74.A.selections B.separations,C.series D.sections,本题包括到名词同现和形容词同现。与高速公路同现形容词自然应该是平坦，有高速公路同现名词自然有路段。由此来判断可知72答案为B，74答案为D。,17/40,语法伎俩,照应,替换,省略,18/40,2、语法结构方面,对语法结构考查集中在1）虚拟语气；2）定语从句（连接词，限定与非限定定语从句区分，定语从句与其它主从复合句区分）；3）状语从句；4）非谓语动词(动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词，动名词)；5）主谓搭配一致(时态，语态，语气，人称，数)；6）并列句，省略句，倒装句及割裂复杂句子；7)逻辑主语(主要是非谓语动词逻辑主语)，在句法上不是主谓关系，但在语义上为施动者与动作关系；8)词类之间搭配要求，如名词需要形容词，名词，冠词，非谓语动词，词组及定语从句修饰；动词需要副词词组修饰；及物动词后应加宾语等。做这一类题除了要有系统准确语法知识之外，还要注意上下文逻辑关系和语篇内容，这么才能确保答案正确。,19/40,eg:,(1)In addition to,there are words from Spanish in English and many American Indian words and names;even Chineses and Japanese words have found their way into the English language.This borrowing of words from_is one the key reasons for some of the difficulties that people meet with when they are learning English.,(2)Unfortunately there are a large number of people in my family;some wanted to see one programme_others preferred another.,分析填other language，这里other,languages与前边English language对照。,分析,填：while,表示some与others对照。,20/40,(1)For example,if consumers buy only small,cars,manufactures will keep on making_If consumers buy only large automobiles,manufacturers will make these instead.Sometimes,the quality of the service that is available will decide which cars are bought,A.which B.it C.ones D.them,(2)Of course he did not understand a thing,but he nodded his head as_he.,A.did B.had C.understood D.could,(3)The strange Dr had been loved by someone:he had given his life,as Charley_,for a cause he believed right.,A./B.had been C.had D.had done,分析选them，代替cars。,分析选did，代替understood,分析选had,代替had given his life。,21/40,Fill in the forms below in proper words.,(4)Brayton rose to his feet and prepared to back softly away from the snakeAt that moment，however,he felt strangely unwilling to do1_.Instead of moving backward_2_,planned,he took a step forward,and then another!,分析1填so，代替前边back softly away from,the snake,2填as，代替后边take a step forward do,22/40,eg:Choose the best answer to the question,A philosopher said that we have no right to oppose a position until we can state that position in a way that fully satisfies those who hold;until,indeed,we can make out a better case for it than the proponent himself_.,A.can do B.may C.do D.can,分析:填can，是前边can make out a better casefor it省略。,23/40,这里指是,句际关系,，即在连贯语篇中句子与句子之间在结构上和意思上联络。从逻辑意义来看，语篇中句子间交际关系主要有以下几个类型。,逻辑伎俩,逻辑伎俩,并列,关系,次序关系,转折关系,解释关系,分指,关系,因果关系,24/40,Never ask a child(whether)he likes and dislikes a food and never(discuss)in front of him or allow 6 else to do so.A)everybody B)anybodyC)somebody D)nobody,It is always satisfying to do something_no one else has done.,A.which B.what C.it D.that,本题考查语法结构，此空要求填一个不定代词。这是一个由never开头否定句，只是never在并列分句中承前省略，改为由or连接，故选anybody，形成never allow anybody else to do so结构。,25/40,Choose the best answer to questions below：,(1)Among many people there is uneasy mood-a suspicion that change is out of contro1.Not everyone,_,shares this anxiety,A.but B.and C.while D.however,(2)He appeared calm,_inside his heart was beating wildly with fear.,A.and B.or C.but D.otherwise,分析：,(1)填however，表示前一句与本句转折。,(2)填but,表calm 和fear对照。,26/40,上下文语境,27/40,1 I climbed the stairs slowly,carrying a big suitcase,my father following with two more.By the time I got to the third floor,I was,1,and the same time feeling lonely.Worse still,Dad,2,a step and fell,sending my new suitcase,3,down the stairs.1).A.helpless B.lazy C.anxious D.tired2.)A.took B.minded C.missed D.picked3).A.rolling B.passing C.dropping D.turning,分析：在把握上文“我提着衣箱迟缓地上楼梯”情况下，可知1题答案为D.tired，即当我抵达三楼时，已经很累了；再从父亲“提着两只衣箱跟在我后面”以及下文信息词“fell”可知此句意思是：父亲少跨了一步摔倒了衣箱滚下了楼梯。所以2、3题答案分别为C、A，尽管其它选项在语法上均无错误。,28/40,2.That“something special”was men-_individuals who could invent machines,find new(sources)of power,and establish business organization to reshape the society.The men who _ the machines of the(came)from many backgrounds and many occupations.4 A)generating B)effective C)motivation D)creative6.A)employed B)created C)operated D)controlled,第4题选D)。句中creative individuals是后面定语从句who invent machines在意义上同现，符合上下文。第6题选B)created。Created是上一句中creative individuals who could invent machines近义复现。其它选项均与上下文不符。,29/40,1.It took Charlie Mui several months to save up seven dollars.He wanted to _ a model plane and went to the shop with the money.,A sell B.buy C.hold D.bring,2.Tom wants to learn more about the British political system,but he doesnt know where to get the _.A.situation B.information,C.conversation D.association,30/40,2.根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行逻辑推理,31/40,例1：,It was an early morning in summer.In the streets,sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly,heading towards their_.This was the beginning of another_ day in New York City.1.A.jobs B.homes C.buses D.offices2.A.working B.hotC.sameD.ordinary,分析：从信息词“early morning”和“sleepy-eyed”来判断，B.homes不符合逻辑，按生活经验，他们是去上班。这时有些考生可能会认为，既然上班，就要去“挤公交车”或“去办公室”。但上班方式也有步行、骑车或坐地铁，也有自己开车去。人们上班有去农场、煤矿，还有去工厂车间，不一定去办公室。所以，C.buses和D.offices不符合生活实际。1题只有A.jobs才是最合乎逻辑选项，人们起床后，各自奔向自己工作岗位。而这种情况是天天发生，是平日经常，所以2题答案是D.ordinary,32/40,例2：（NMET1998）Every morning she would give him breakfast,29,bed and bring him the papers to,30,.29.A.to B.at C.in D.by30.A.check B.read C.keep D.sign,分析：29题答案是C，bed前面应该用介词in。至于30题，就要用到对应文化背景知识：外国人有早上读报习惯，句中papers即报纸（newspapers）。这是了解文章细节关键。有了这些文化背景知识，便可快速推断出最正确选项B.read。因为生活中过分溺爱孩子母亲，让儿子“在床上”吃早饭，“读”早报是很自然事情，这也正与文章主旨相吻合。,33/40,依据词语习惯使用方法和固定搭配来选择答案,34/40,词固定搭配，尤其是动词搭配在完形填空题中出现百分比也是比较大，多数题目包括到动词使用方法和各种搭配关系，这是由动词在句子中主要性决定。动词在搭配关系上与名词、介词、副词使用方法紧密相关。处理这类题目要求考生多读、多记，对所学习语或固定搭配牢靠掌握，并能灵活利用。,35/40,4.根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义,36/40,例1：,Dad taught me a lot about life,especially its hard times.I remembered one of his,1,one night when I was ready to quit(退出)a political campaign（运动）I was losing,and wrote about it in my diary.Tired,feeling the months of,2,I went up to my study to make some notes.1.A.classes B.advice C.lessons D.talks2.A.struggleB.workingC.battle D.defence,分析：class（课，班级，阶级）advice（忠言，提议，不可数名词）lesson（课程，教训）talk（谈话，讲演），依据短文中提供信息，应该是作者准备退出一场失败了政治活动时，父亲“教训”了他一顿，所以1题答案是A.lessons。2题选项B.working（工作，劳动）,D.defence（防卫，辩护）显著不合乎逻辑，A.struggle意为“斗争，战争”，C.battle是指大型战役中小规模“战斗”。作者在这次政治活动中经历了数月艰辛，为争取某种权利而进行了艰辛“斗争”，依据文章情节线索我们能够确定最正确选项是A。这两个题处理都借助了词义辨析，同时也离不开对短文情节发展把握。,37/40,例2：She noticed how nervous he was and suggested he should stand near the stage where he could watch and follow the play.It was a good,1,of getting rid of his nervousness,she said.She was right,it seemed to,2,.1.A.idea B.way C.path D.plan2.A.do B.win C.work D.act,分析：句中“她”注意到“他”很担心，提议“他”观看演出以消除担心。显然，“她”所提议是一个消除担心“方法”。1题四个选项A.idea（想法，意见）B.way（路线，方法）C.path（小路，路线）D.plan（计划，规划）中只有B选项有此含义，无疑是最正确答案。紧接下来一句话是“她说得对，这个方法似乎有效。”2 题四个选项A.do（做，尽力）B.win（获胜，夺得）C.work（工作，起作用）D.act（行动，演出）中只有C选项有“奏效”这个含义，自然应该是最正确答案。这两个题解答也是在考虑上下文前提下，从词汇意义入手。,38/40,At this moment,the air hostess _73_.She looked pale,but was quite _74_.73.A.showed B.presented C.exposed D.appeared 74.A.well B.still C.calm D.quiet,73中四个选项都有出现、显露方面意思，但本身语义特征组成了各自及物不及物区分。A，B，C 都是及物动词，而这里应用不及物动词，表示出现之意，所以答案为D。74除A外，三个选项意思靠近，为近义词。但语义侧重不一样，与人连用时，still表示站着不动，quiet表示平静，不乱说，乱动，calm则表示人，镇静、平静。上文脸色苍白，说明了恐惧存在，而普通在这种状态下，人们行为会有些失常，表现出不够镇静，不能泰然处之。句中but使用，所以，答案应该是C。,39/40,Summary,语篇信息,词汇伎俩,复现,同现,语法伎俩,替换,省略,逻辑伎俩,并列,关系,次序关系,分指,关系,转折关系,解释关系,因果关系,照应,40/40,