现在分词和过去分词市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖PPT课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,现 在 分 词,The Present Participle,第1页,现在分词形式,主动语态,被动语态,普通式,Doing,Being done,完成式,Having done,Having been done,第2页,现在分词普通式通常表示其动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。如：,She sat there reading a novel.,她坐在那里看小说。,A little child learning to walk often falls.,学走路小孩经常跌跤。,现在分词普通式所表示动作有时在谓语动词动作之前发生。如：,Going into the room,he shut the door.,走进房间，他就关上了门。,第3页,现在分词完成式表示其动作在谓语动词动作之前完成。,Having finished her homework,the little girl began to watch TV.,做完作业后，这个小女孩开始看电视。,Having lived in Beijing for many years,Carter knew the city well.,因为在北京住了多年，卡特对这个城市很熟悉。,第4页,现在分词作用,现在分词由动词原形加词尾,-ing,组成，现在分词含有双重性，首先有动词性质，能够有状语和宾语，另首先又有形容词性质，能够用作定语。,E.g.Going down town I met a friend.,Do you know that man carrying a large umbrella?,It is an interesting book.,现在分词,going,有状语,down town,现在分词,carrying,有宾语,a large umbrella,现在分词,interesting,用做定语，相当于形容词，修饰,book,第5页,现在分词做表语,可有比较形式，也能够被,very,等副词修饰。,例：,This story is very,interesting,.,Traveling is,interesting,but,tiring,.,这里,traveling,是动名词，含有名词性质，做主语。组成句子主,-,系,-,表结构。,第6页,练习,Teaching students of threshold level is hard work but the effort is very .,A.precious B.rewarding,C.worth D.challenging,B,教入门水平学生是艰辛工作，不过这种努力是非,常有意义。,第7页,现在分词（短语）做定语,I am reading an,interesting,novel.,我正在看一本有趣小说。,She is a,charming,child.,她是一个招人喜爱小孩。,One of the delegates asked an,embarrassing,question.,其中一位代表提出了一个令人难堪问题。,单个现在分词做,定语时通常前置,第8页,Most of the young teachers,working in this university,are Ph.D.,在这所大学工作大多数,年轻教师都是博士。,The man,speaking to us,the other day has gone to Japan.,现在分词短语做定语时通常后置，,相当于一个定语从句,相当于定语从句：,who work in this university,那天同我们讲话那个人到日本,去了,。,相当于定语从句：,who spoke,第9页,As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free,tax-supported schools must be established in every town,50 households or more.,A.having B.to have C.to have had D.having had,A,早在,1674,年，俄亥俄州就做出了一个决定，要求在每一个有,50,户或,50,户以上住户城镇设置由税收支持无偿学校。,There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently,what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.,A.giving B.gave C.to give D.given,A,我最近读了一本由一个英国人写书，里面有一句很有趣,话，它表示了作者对这种美国特征一个根源了解。,现在分词短语做后置定语,练 习,第10页,现在分词短语作状语,现在分词用作状语可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、或伴随情况。,第11页,现在分词（短语）作时间状语,Walking along the street one day,she saw a little girl running up to her.,When visiting a strange city,I like to have a guide-book with me.,游览陌生城市时，我喜欢随身带着导游手册。,相当于时间状语从句：,When she was walking along the street one day,有一天她正沿着大街向前走时，她看见一个小女孩朝她跑了过来。,现在分词短语强调与谓语动词动作发生次序时，前,面可带有,when,，,while,，,after,，,before,，,since,等隶属连词。,第12页,现在分词（短语）作原因状语,Having no place to go,the man wandered about in the street.,Living in the country,we have few social engagements.,相当于原因状语从句：,Because the man has no place to go,相当于原因状语从句：,Because we were living in the country,因为没有要去地方，那个男人只好在街上徘徊。,我们住在乡村，交际机会极少。,第13页,现在分词（短语）作结果状语,Jeff fell off the bike,cutting his leg.,Jeff,从自行车上摔下来，划破了腿。,It rained heavily,causing severe flooding in that country.,大雨滂沱，造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。,第14页,现在分词（短语）作条件状语,Working hard,you will succeed.,努力工作，你就会成功。,Standing on the building,you can see the whole city.,站在那座楼上，你会看到整个城市。,第15页,现在分词（短语）作让步状语,Such committees,being very balanced,almost never succeed in making unequivocal judgments.,这种委员会即使代表性很均衡，但几乎从未做出过十分明确决定。,Although living miles away,you went to visit him.,尽管住在几英里之外，你还是去看他了。,第16页,现在分词（短语）作方式状语,He came running back to tell us the news.,他跑着回来告诉我们这个消息。,He looked out of the window,as though thinking.,他向窗外望去，似乎在思索。,第17页,现在分词（短语）作伴随状语,His wife came into the house carrying a bundle of clothes.,他妻子拿着一包衣服走进屋内。,Tom entered college at the age of 18,graduating four years later at the head of his class.,Tom18,岁上大学，,4,年之后毕业时名列前茅。,第18页,现在分词（短语）用作宾语补语,用作宾语补语时，现在分词与其前面宾语组成复合宾语。含有这种复合宾语谓语动词多为表示感觉动词。如：,I saw the naughty boy hitting the dog.,我看见那个顽皮孩子打狗。,I felt the house shaking.,我以为房子在摇摆。,这么动词还有：,find,hear,smell,observe,watch,notice,look at,listen to,等,第19页,现在分词（短语）用作宾语补语,有些役使动词后也能够接含有现在分词复合宾语，这么动词有：,have,get,catch,keep,leave,等,E.g.,We,ll soon have you walking about again.,我们将很快使你能再走动。,Can you get the clock going again?,你能使这钟再走吗？,第20页,现在分词（短语）用作宾语补语,作为宾语补语现在分词有时前面有介词,as,，前面动词多为：,regard,consider,describe,quote,picture,see,think of,等,E.g.,We consider this sentence pattern as being useful.,我们认为这种句型是有用。,They regarded the contract as having been broken.,他们认为协议已被破坏。,第21页,现在分词（短语）用作主语补语,用作主语补语，多用于被动语态，与主语组成复合主语。,E.g.,He was seen going upstairs.,有些人看见他上楼。,She was heard singing all the time.,人们听到她一直在唱。,第22页,现在分词独立结构,现在分词可有其独立逻辑主语。这种主语经常是名词或代词主语，置于现在分词之前，二者组成一个分词独立结构。现在分词独立结构惯用作状语，置于句首或句末，偶然也置于句中。,现在分词独立结构可用来表示时间、原因、条件、方式、或伴随情况等。,现在分词独立结构有时可由介词,with,或,without,引导。,第23页,练 习,Night,(fall),we hurried home.,falling,表时间现在分词短语：夜幕降暂时，我们慌忙赶回家去。,The atom,(be)very small,we can not see it with the naked eye.,being,表原因：因为原子很小，我们用肉眼看不到它。,a man who express himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.,A.Other things being equal B.Were other things equal,C.To be equal to other things D.Other things to be equal,A,表条件：假如其它情况相同，一个能有效地表示自己意思人，,必定要比一个语言利用能力差人更加快取得成功。,第24页,练 习,When the bell sounded,the boys rushed out of the classroom,each,(carry)a number of books under his arm.,carrying,表伴随：铃声响过，男孩们冲出教室，每个人腋下都夹着,几本书。,Iceland lies far north in the Atlantic,with its northernmost tip actually,the Arctic Circle.,A.touched B.touches C.touching D.being touched,C,with,引导分词独立结构：冰岛位于大西洋北边很远地方，,它最北端实际上已经到了北极圈。,第25页,过 去 分 词,The Past Participle,第26页,过去分词形式,类 别,例 词,意 义,及物动词过去分词,made,exhausted,caused,表示被动和完成,不及物动词过去分词,faded flowers,an escaped prisoner,a well-read person,表示主动和完成,第27页,过去分词通常由动词原形加,ed,组成，少数不规则动词过去分词为不规则形式。,过去分词普通只有一个形式，不过有不规则动词过去分词有两种形式，如：,born,生,borne,负担,shrunk,被收缩,shrunken,已收缩,rotted,被腐烂,rotten,腐烂,sunk,陷下,sunken,陷下,hung,悬挂,hanged,绞死,struck,被打击,stricken,被打击,lit,燃着,lighted,燃着,got,得到,gotten,得到,第28页,过去分词功用,过去分词在句中不可用作谓语，它相当于形容词和副词，在句中可用作表语、定语、状语、补语等。,第29页,过去分词（短语）作表语,The travelers were completely exhausted.,游客完全筋疲力尽了。,The scientists were excited about the result of the experiment.,科学家们对试验结果感到很兴奋。,第30页,现在分词和过去分词,做,表语,普通说来，表心理状态动词如,excite,、,interest,等都是及物动词，汉语意思是,“,使激动,”,、,“,使感兴趣,”,，因而现在分词意思应该是,“,令人激动,”,、,“,令人感兴趣,”,，而过去分词则是,“,感到激动,”,、,“,感到有兴趣,”,。,所以，凡是表示,“,令人,”,都用,-ing,形式，而,“,感到,”,都用,-ed,形式。换句话说，若是,“,某人对,感兴趣,”,，就是,“,someone is interested in.,”,，若是,“,某人或某物本身很有趣,”,，就是,“,somebody/something is interesting,”,辨 析,第31页,这类词常见有：,exciting,令人兴奋,感到兴奋,excited,delighting,令人高兴,感到高兴,delighted,disappointing,令人失望,感到失望,disappointed,encouraging,令人鼓舞,感到鼓舞,encouraged,pleasing,令人愉快,感到愉快,pleased,puzzling,令人费解,感到费解,puzzled,satisfying,令人满意,感到满意,satisfied,surprising,令人吃惊,感到吃惊,surprised,worrying,令人担心,感到担心,worried,第32页,过去分词（短语）做定语,单个过去分词做定语时通常前置,及物动词过去分词含有,被动和完成,意义，如：,the unexpected loss,意外损失,planned economy,计划经济,a complicated problem,复杂问题,changed conditions,改变了情况,armed forces,武装部队,canned food,罐装食品,stricken area,灾区,a delighted look,高兴神色,第33页,过去分词（短语）作定语,不及物动词过去分词含有,主动和完成,意义，如：,fallen leaves,落叶,faded flowers,凋谢花,newly arrived goods,新到商品,the exploded bomb,已爆炸了炸弹,the risen sun,升起太阳,departed friends,离去朋友,an escaped prisoner,逃犯,a retired teacher,退休教师,returned students,归国留学生,an expired passport,过期护照,第34页,过去分词短语做定语时通常后置，,相当于一个定语从句,The concert given by the symphony was a great success.,该交响乐团举行音乐会非常成功。,A drop of water seen through microscope is filled with living things.,经过显微镜能看到一滴水里充满了各种生物。,注：过去分词短语和现在分词短语都能够用作后置定语，,而且它们功效都相当于定语从句，现在分词表示,主动和正在进行，过去分词则表示被动和已完成。,第35页,以,“,名词过去分词,”,或,“,副词过去分词,”,组成复合形容词作前置定语。,过去分词（短语）作定语,state-owned enterprises,国有企业,a poverty-stricken place,贫穷地方,quick-frozen food,速冻食品,a much-needed reform,急需进行改革,第36页,过去分词（短语）作状语,过去分词（短语）做时间状语：,Seen under a microscope,a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.,在显微镜下观察，刚飘下雪花呈精巧六角形。,When heated,ice will be changed into water.,当冰受热时，它就会变成水。,第37页,过去分词（短语）做状语,过去分词（短语）做原因状语,Many of us,so excited,could not go to sleep that night.,我们很多人是那样激动，那天晚上都没有睡着。,Gone from home so long,they joyously embraced their mates of boyhood.,他们久离故乡，高兴拥抱他们儿时搭档。,第38页,过去分词（短语）做状语,过去分词（短语）做条件状语,Some metropolitan newspapers would make sizable volumes if printed in book form.,假如印成书形式，有些大城市报纸销量会相当可观。,Considered from this point,the question is of great importance.,从这一点看，这个问题很主要。,第39页,过去分词（短语）做状语,过去分词（短语）做让步状语,Mocked at by everybody,he had my sympathy.,人人都嘲笑他，但我却很同情他。,Although exhausted by the climb,he continued his journey.,即使他爬得很累，但他依然继续前进。,第40页,过去分词（短语）做状语,过去分词（短语）做方式状语,I finished my job as requested.,我按要求完成了工作。,That fellow was walking with a limp as if injured.,那家伙一瘸一拐走着，似乎受了伤。,第41页,过去分词（短语）做状语,过去分词（短语）做伴随状语,Found in all parts of the state,pines are the most common trees in Georgia.,松树在佐治亚州最随地可见，是该州最常见树木。,He went to work,burdened with worries.,他心事重重上班去了。,第42页,注：过去分词短语和现在分词短语都能够用作状语，而且它们功效都相当于状语从句，现在分词表示主动和正在进行，过去分词则表示被动和已完成。,第43页,过去分词独立结构,He rushed into the room,his face covered sweat.,表伴随,：他满脸是汗跑进屋来。This done,we went home.,表时间,：做完此事，我们就回家了。,All the savings gone,the couple started looking for jobs.,表原因,：积蓄全部用完了，这对夫妻开始找工作。,过去分词独立结构多用于书面语，作,状语表时间、条件、原因、伴随等,第44页,过去分词独立结构,由介词,with,或,without,引导，表伴随,With everything taken into consideration,we all think this is a very good plan.,每件事都考虑到了，我们都认为这是一项不错计划She went angrily away without a word spoken.,她一个字也没说，就生气地走了。,第45页,过去分词（短语）作宾语补语,过去分词在感官动词和使役动词等之后作宾语补语，这么词有：,have,让，使,keep,使处于某状态,get,使得,see,看见,hear,听见,find,发觉,feel,感觉到,leave,使处于某状态,make,使,want,想要,start,引发,notice,注意到,observe,观察,watch,注视,set,使处于某状态,第46页,The work left him exhausted.,这个活使他筋疲力尽。,The doorkeeper heard the chain and bolts withdrawn.,看门人听见门上链和栓被拉开了。,It is better to leave something unsaid.,有些事倒是不说好。,I don,t want my name linked with him.,我不要把我名字和他联络在一起,。,第47页,如：,I had my car repaired.,我把我车修好了。（他人修）,He had his window broken to pieces.,他窗户给打破了。（他人打破）,过去分词（短语）在使役动词,get,或,have,之后作宾,语补语，表示动作往往是由他人完成。,第48页,练 习,One should never lose heart when,(confront)with temporary difficulties.,confronted,表时间：当一个人面临暂时困难时候绝不应该泄气。,Homework,on time will lead to better grades.,A.done B.be done C.having done D.to have been done,A,过去分词短语作后置定语：按时完成作业就会得到很好分数。,I must call you attention to the directions.Read them carefully and act as,(instruct).,instructed,表方式：我必须让你注意操作指南，仔细阅读然后按要求去做。,注：过分短语作方式状语时，前面通常带有,as/as if,等隶属连词，,此时可视为省略让步状语从句。,第49页,Anna was reading a piece of science fiction,completely,to the outside world.,A.being lost B.having lost C.losing D.lost,D,表伴随：安娜正在读一本科幻小说，对外界一切浑然不理。,Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone,to the system,so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out.,A.adding B.to have added C.to added D.added,D,with,独立结构：正如同电话网络价值伴随每一部电话进入,系统而提升一样，电脑系统价值也伴随每个软件程序出,现而提升。,练 习,第50页,