雅思图表写作：概论.ppt

图表题图表题 写作写作TASK 1 KEY WORDS图表流程动态静态对象罗列比较峰值交叉转折What can you learn?You learn what you need1 Whats task 1 about?2.The structure of task 13.Find the pointcut4.Words and phrases5.Linking 6.grammar图表图表5 5种类型种类型表格表格Table线图线图(直线直线/曲线曲线)Line graph柱状图柱状图(条形图条形图)Bar chart饼图饼图Pie chart流程图流程图Process diagram/flow chart剑桥雅思小作文真题集（剑桥雅思小作文真题集（4-84-8）Cambridge IELTS 4TEST 1:The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 4TEST 2:The graph blew shows the demand electricity in Engliand during typical days in winter and summer.The pie chart shows how electricity is used in an average English home.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisions where ralevant.Cambridge IELTS 4TEST 3:The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualifications in Australia and the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 4TEST 4:The charts below give information about travel to and from the UK,and about the most popular countries from UK residents to visit.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 5TEST 1:The graph blew shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries.Summaries the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.TEST 2:The charts below show the main reasons for study among students of different age groups and amount of support they received from employers.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.TEST 3:The map below is of the town of Garlsdon.A new supermarket(s)is planned for the town.The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.TEST 4:The table below gives information about the underground railway systems in six cities.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 6TEST 1:The graph and table below give information about water use worldwild and water consumption in two different countries.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.TEST 2:The table below gives information about changes in modes of travel in England between 1985 and 2000.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.TEST 3:The diagrams below show the life cycle of the silkworm and the stages in the production of silk cloth.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.TEST 4:The charts below give information about USA marriage and divorce rates between 1970 and 2000,and the marital status of adult America in two of the years.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 7 TEST 1:The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in five different countries in 2002.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.TEST 2:The pargh below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in European country between 1979 and 2004.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.TEST 3:The chart below shows information about changes in average house prices in five different cities between 1990 and 2002 compared with average house prices in 1989.Summaries the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.TEST 4:The pie charts below show units of electricity production by fuel source in Australia and France in 1980 and 2000.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisions where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 8 TEST 1:The pie chart below shows the main reasons why agricultural land becomes less productive.The table shows how these causes affected three regions of the world during the 1990s.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevantTEST 2:The three pie charts below show the changes in annual spending by a particular UK school in 1981,1991,and 2001.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.TEST 3:The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process,and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purpose.Summaries the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.TEST 4The graph below shows the quantities of goods transport in the UK between 1974 and 2002 by four different modes of transport.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisions where ralevant.Line graphPie chart Bar chart 70%TableFlow graph/process diagram 20%Others 10%雅思图表题3个要求第一第一 客观性客观性 不能有想象成分，总结归纳要符合逻辑。不能有想象成分，总结归纳要符合逻辑。第二第二 准确性准确性 数据要求精确（不抄错），可以合理目测（大概数值）。数据要求精确（不抄错），可以合理目测（大概数值）。第三第三 详尽性详尽性 4 4类特征数据一定介绍：最大值（类特征数据一定介绍：最大值（maximummaximum），最小值），最小值（minimumminimum），交叉点（），交叉点（intersectionintersection），变化趋势（），变化趋势（trendtrend）。）。审题Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.Summarize main Features,not list dataSelect Trend,Max/Min,SlopeReport facts,not opinionsCompare within the chart or between the charts 图表题3种段落第一第一 开头段开头段第二第二 主体段主体段第三第三 结尾段结尾段 开头段开头段 写作写作第一节第一节Writing the introductionType of chartAppropriate VerbDescriptionThe illustrationgraphpie chartbar charttableshowsillustratespresentscomparesrepresentsthe number ofthe proportion ofinformation ondata onthe percentage of开头段：开头段：1-21-2句，转述原题句，转述原题 转述原题转述原题3 3法：法：添加单词添加单词删除单词删除单词替换单词替换单词 （注意：改动不需过多，（注意：改动不需过多，3-43-4处，即可）处，即可）原题一句变两句，两句变一句。原题一句变两句，两句变一句。全部改写，要保证语法、句型的正确性。全部改写，要保证语法、句型的正确性。开头段的时态：永远一般现在时开头段的时态：永远一般现在时开头段：开头段：1-21-2句，转述原题句，转述原题练习练习1 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The following graphs indicate the proportion of The following graphs indicate the proportion of the effect of treatment in two types of cancer in the effect of treatment in two types of cancer in women.women.You should write at least 150 words.You should write at least 150 words.Key to Key to 练习练习1 1【原文原文】The following graphs indicate the proportion of The following graphs indicate the proportion of the effect of treatment in two types of cancer in the effect of treatment in two types of cancer in women.women.【改写改写】The two line graphs(given)illustrate/show/The two line graphs(given)illustrate/show/demonstrate/outline/describe the percentage of demonstrate/outline/describe the percentage of the influence of treatment in two kinds/the influence of treatment in two kinds/categories of cancer in females.categories of cancer in females.开头段：开头段：1-21-2句，转述原题句，转述原题练习练习2 2You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below show the results of a survey of The charts below show the results of a survey of adult education.The first chart shows the reasons adult education.The first chart shows the reasons why adults decide to study.The pie chart shows why adults decide to study.The pie chart shows how people think the costs of adult education how people think the costs of adult education should be shared.should be shared.You should write at least 150 words.You should write at least 150 words.Key to Key to 练习练习2 2【原文原文】The charts below show the results of a survey of The charts below show the results of a survey of adult education.The first chart shows the reasons adult education.The first chart shows the reasons why adults decide to study.The pie chart shows why adults decide to study.The pie chart shows how people think the costs of adult education how people think the costs of adult education should be shared.should be shared.【改写改写】The two charts illustrate the results(outcomes/The two charts illustrate the results(outcomes/solutions)of a survey(solutions)of a survey(questionnairequestionnaire)of adult of adult education.The bar chart describes the reasons education.The bar chart describes the reasons why adults decide to study while the pie chart why adults decide to study while the pie chart outlines peopleoutlines peoples opinion about the cost shares s opinion about the cost shares of adult education.of adult education.开头段：开头段：1-21-2句，转述原题句，转述原题练习练习3 3You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table shows the results of a survey in 2004 which The table shows the results of a survey in 2004 which asked undergraduate and postgraduate students of a asked undergraduate and postgraduate students of a UK university whether they were satisfied with the UK university whether they were satisfied with the facilities at the university.facilities at the university.You should write at least 150 words.You should write at least 150 words.Key to Key to 练习练习3 3【原文原文】The table shows The table shows the results of a survey in 2004 the results of a survey in 2004 which asked undergraduate and postgraduate which asked undergraduate and postgraduate students of a UK university whether they were students of a UK university whether they were satisfied with the facilities at the universitysatisfied with the facilities at the university.【改写改写】The diagram gives a breakdownThe diagram gives a breakdown（明细表）（明细表）about about different attitudes among undergraduate and different attitudes among undergraduate and postgraduate students towards equipments of a UK postgraduate students towards equipments of a UK college in the year 2004.college in the year 2004.主体段主体段 写作写作WWSkills RITING第二节第二节主体段写作重中之重通过对图表的分析，快速找到主体段写作的切入点切入点原则：能在两至三段内解决问题。最多三段，每段必须描述的是同一个对象。主体段：主体段：1+X1+X句，第一句总体概括，句，第一句总体概括，X X句具体介绍数字。句具体介绍数字。第一句作用：第一句作用：总括变化趋势总括变化趋势 (有时间变化的图，如有时间变化的图，如 line graphline graph和和 bar chart bar chart 的的升降、波动等）；或升降、波动等）；或包含哪几种数据（没时间变化的图，如包含哪几种数据（没时间变化的图，如 pie chart pie chart 和和 table table 的组成部分）。的组成部分）。X X句数据介绍句数据介绍3 3要点：要点：按照顺序介绍数据按照顺序介绍数据4类关键信息：类关键信息：最大最大-最小最小-变化变化-交叉（主要是线图）交叉（主要是线图）还有：起点还有：起点-拐点拐点-终点终点 信息也值得注意信息也值得注意可作取舍，不必面面俱到，视时间而定可作取舍，不必面面俱到，视时间而定 注意：主体段时态由题目的时间决定。注意：主体段时态由题目的时间决定。主体段模版主体段模版:According to the first bar,According to the first bar,(由图可见由图可见 ).To be more specifically .To be more specifically(具具体说来体说来 ),),.At first,At first,.Then,.Then,.After that,.After that,.From this point .From this point onwards,onwards,.Finally,.Finally,.Sentence 1 As shown in theSentence 1 As shown in the,As can be seen from the As can be seen from the,It is manifest from the It is manifest from the that that Sentence 2 To be more specific,=More specifically,Sentence 2 To be more specific,=More specifically,To be more exact,=More exactly,To be more exact,=More exactly,To be more precise,=More precisely,To be more precise,=More precisely,表示时间推移的短语（熟记）：表示时间推移的短语（熟记）：At first,(=initially)Then,After that,From this point onwards,Finally(=eventually)表示趋势的短语表示趋势的短语-动词（熟记）：动词（熟记）：数字趋势动词数字趋势动词1.1.上升趋势上升趋势:rise,go up,:rise,go up,2.2.下降趋势下降趋势:fall,sink,drop,:fall,sink,drop,dip,reduce,go downdip,reduce,go down3.3.保持不变保持不变:remain steady,remain steady,show no/little changeshow no/little change4.4.波动波动:fluctuate:fluctuate趋势动词替换趋势动词替换1.1.上升趋势上升趋势:increase,grow,climb,:increase,grow,climb,ascend(jump,surge,soar,ascend(jump,surge,soar,shoot up)shoot up)2.2.下降趋势下降趋势:decline,decrease,:decline,decrease,descend(plunge,slump)descend(plunge,slump)3.3.保持不变保持不变:level off/out at,:level off/out at,hover at,stabilize at,reach a hover at,stabilize at,reach a plateau atplateau at表示趋势的短语表示趋势的短语-形容词（熟记）：形容词（熟记）：1 1.速度快速度快:sharp,rapid,dramatic,drastic:sharp,rapid,dramatic,drastic 2 2.速度慢速度慢:gradual,slow,steady,gentle:gradual,slow,steady,gentle3.3幅度大幅度大:significant,substantial,marked:significant,substantial,marked4.4.幅度小幅度小:slight,modest,moderate:slight,modest,moderate注意注意:以上加以上加 ly ly 均为副词均为副词。表示分别的副词是表示分别的副词是 respectivelyrespectively。表示趋势的短语表示趋势的短语-其它（熟记）：其它（熟记）：1.1.最高点最高点:peak at,reach the highest point at,peak at,reach the highest point at,2.2.最低点最低点:bottom out at,reach the bottom at,the lowest point at bottom out at,reach the bottom at,the lowest point at3.3.达到多少（量）达到多少（量）:reach,arrive at,amount to,hit,stand at reach,arrive at,amount to,hit,stand at4.4.占多少（比例）占多少（比例）:account for,make up,occupy,represent,constitute account for,make up,occupy,represent,constitute5.5.预测（会有）多少预测（会有）多少:predict,expect,forecast predict,expect,forecast 句型为句型为：A is predicted/expected/forecasted to reachA is predicted/expected/forecasted to reachUseful 1-1-表示经历了某种变化表示经历了某种变化 see/witness/experiencesee/witness/experience2-2-表示由表示由组成组成 be made up of/be composed/comprised ofbe made up of/be composed/comprised of consist of/comprise consist of/comprise（主动态）（主动态）3-3-对比和类比对比和类比 Similarly,/Likewise,Similarly,/Likewise,Unlike Unlike,In comparison,In comparison,In/By contrast,In/By contrast,4-4-大约多少大约多少 about/around/roughly/approximatelyabout/around/roughly/approximately just over/just under just over/just under 结尾段结尾段 写作写作WWSkills RITING第三节第三节三大注意三大注意：题目里如果有总数（题目里如果有总数（totaltotal）不要在主体段）不要在主体段介绍，可放在结尾段，比较清楚。如没有介绍，可放在结尾段，比较清楚。如没有total total，就直接总结上文。，就直接总结上文。最后一句结论没有必要过于深刻。可据常最后一句结论没有必要过于深刻。可据常理找出图表呈现的规律。理找出图表呈现的规律。如出现两图如出现两图,一般以图之间的比较得出结论。一般以图之间的比较得出结论。引用数据方法引用数据方法WWSkills RITING第第 四四 节节 图表引用数据方法：图表引用数据方法：1.The number picked up in June,rocketing1.The number picked up in June,rocketing1.The number picked up in June,rocketing1.The number picked up in June,rocketing by almost 500%.by almost 500%.by almost 500%.by almost 500%.2.There was a marked improvement in July 2.There was a marked improvement in July 2.There was a marked improvement in July 2.There was a marked improvement in July with the number of visitors surging 400%.with the number of visitors surging 400%.with the number of visitors surging 400%.with the number of visitors surging 400%.3.The period between May and September saw 3.The period between May and September saw 3.The period between May and September saw 3.The period between May and September saw a steady growth in the number of visitors a steady growth in the number of visitors a steady growth in the number of visitors a steady growth in the number of visitors from 70,000 to 140,000.from 70,000 to 140,000.from 70,000 to 140,000.from 70,000 to 140,000.4.The gradual rise in visitor numbers from 4.The gradual rise in visitor numbers from 4.The gradual rise in visitor numbers from 4.The gradual rise in visitor n