雅思写作图表题.ppt

应用文写作图表分析应用文写作图表分析图表分析图表分析lReportthemainfeatureandmakeanalysislNotice:l1.运用总分，比较，归类，排序，联系等逻辑方法进行分析,有选择的利用数据，而不是全部选取。l2.注意单词和短语的同义转换-LexicalResourcel3.切忌过多的主观推测原因或者预测曲线图曲线图Line GraphlThebasisforbarchart,piechartandtablel分析重点：l1.单线条的趋势l2.高低点，转折点等特殊点l3.如果有多条线，需选出一条作为基准进行类比和对比曲线图曲线图Line GraphlThegraphshowsratesofsmokinginmenandwomenintheUKfrom1960to2000.分析：分析：1.men:平稳下降，降幅稍大平稳下降，降幅稍大2.Women:1975前上升，前上升，1975后下降（找转折点分段）后下降（找转折点分段）3.男女比较：最高点，最低点不同；男女比较：最高点，最低点不同；1975前趋势相反，前趋势相反，1975后类似后类似4.时态：一般过去式时态：一般过去式曲线图曲线图Line Graph1.men:平稳下降，降幅稍大平稳下降，降幅稍大The number of British male smokers went through a continuous downward tendency from 600,000 in 1960 to about 250,000in 2000.总结：数据做主语，图中动名词可改为发出动作的人，趋势后面加上起总结：数据做主语，图中动名词可改为发出动作的人，趋势后面加上起止数据止数据曲线图曲线图Line Graph2.Women:1975前上升，前上升，1975后下降（找转折点分段）后下降（找转折点分段）But woman cigarette addicts witnessed a slower decline of 1/3 number only after the year 1975,and before that time,there was a growing number of females who took up smoking.总结：另一条线可用人做主语，利用时间状语从句进行转折点前后的比较总结：另一条线可用人做主语，利用时间状语从句进行转折点前后的比较曲线图曲线图Line Graph3.男女比较：最高点，最低点不同；男女比较：最高点，最低点不同；1975前趋势相反，前趋势相反，1975后类似后类似As time went on,the striking contrast between the proportions of male and female smokers(6:1 in the 1960s)faded away to about the same,with men still slightly more.总结：可用总结：可用“随着随着”状语开头，以表比较的表达做主语，比较后面用括号状语开头，以表比较的表达做主语，比较后面用括号写出图表的具体数据，以写出图表的具体数据，以with结构表面其中的一方，以结构表面其中的一方，以about等次表达不确等次表达不确定的数据定的数据曲线图曲线图Line GraphlThegraphshowstheunemploymentratesintheUSandJapanbetweenMarch1993andMarch1999.Writeareportforauniversitylecturer.1.美国总趋势下降，需包含最大最小值美国总趋势下降，需包含最大最小值，期间有轻微反弹，在期间有轻微反弹，在97后趋于平稳后趋于平稳2.日本的总体趋势，日本的总体趋势，96的明显好转，的明显好转，93和和98的显著恶化的显著恶化3.98年中期，两国情况类似年中期，两国情况类似曲线图曲线图Line Graph1.美国总趋势下降，需包含最大最小值美国总趋势下降，需包含最大最小值，期间有轻微反弹，在期间有轻微反弹，在97后趋于平稳后趋于平稳ThegeneraltrendofUSunemploymentinformationwasdeclining(from7%in1993toabout5%in1999),withfrequentslightreboundsfromtimetotime,plusthecomparativelylevelingupperiodsince1997,averagingat5%moreorless.总结：表趋势词作主语，具体趋势的最大最小值可放其后的括号，总结：表趋势词作主语，具体趋势的最大最小值可放其后的括号，with结构和非谓结构和非谓语结构表示总趋势中的特殊点语结构表示总趋势中的特殊点曲线图曲线图Line Graph2.日本的总体趋势，日本的总体趋势，96的明显好转，的明显好转，93和和98的显著恶化的显著恶化Whereas,theratherdifferentcasewasreportedintheJapanesejobmarket,agradualgrowthofthejoblesspeopleduringthesametimeperioddespitethespringof1996whentherewasasignificantriseofemployment-about1%.Amongallthedata,thebeginningof1993andthelatterhalfof1998werethetwoextremelydifficultperiodsfortheJapanesejobhuntersduetotherocketingnumberofthosewithnojobs.总结：当需要表现总结：当需要表现2线强烈的反差时可将反差用线强烈的反差时可将反差用different case表示放在单线描述中，表示放在单线描述中，总体趋势中特殊点可为增幅和降幅的描述，在有数据的支持下可进行合理推测（用上总体趋势中特殊点可为增幅和降幅的描述，在有数据的支持下可进行合理推测（用上因果表达）因果表达）曲线图曲线图Line Graph3.98年中期，两国情况类似年中期，两国情况类似Fromthemiddleoftheyear1998,bothAmericaandJapanhadthesimilarunemploymentrate,about5%.总结：用时间介词短语开头总结：用时间介词短语开头曲线图曲线图Line Graphl总结：总结：lLine graph步骤步骤l1.read introduction-描写对象，时间描写对象，时间l对象：对对象：对Introduction进行改写写出第一段进行改写写出第一段l时间：确定时态时间：确定时态l2.构思构思l以时间顺序描写，以时间顺序描写，l多条曲线需要进行比较，多条曲线需要进行比较，l给曲线按趋势进行恰当的适当分段，给曲线按趋势进行恰当的适当分段，l多条曲线可按照它们上升，下降和持平的规律进行分多条曲线可按照它们上升，下降和持平的规律进行分组组Relative expressionl句子开头：句子开头：l时间状语时间状语l句子主语：句子主语：l数据，人物，表趋势，比较的词数据，人物，表趋势，比较的词 l引出数据：引出数据：l,()with,非谓语，非谓语，of whichRelative expressionl当数据不确定时，需要当数据不确定时，需要“模糊模糊”表达表达l大约：大约：labout,around,nearly,almost,roughly,approximatelyl多于：多于：labove,over,just over,well over,slightly more thanl少于：少于：lbelow,under,just under,well under,slightly less than,withinRelative expressionl最高点：最高点：lReach the summit,peak,the highest pointlPeak at,mount to l最低点：最低点：lReach bottom,the lowest point,bottom outl表示不变：表示不变：lkeep/stay constant,remain steady/stable/unchanged,maintain the same levellLevel off,reach a plateauRelative expression表示表示“上升，增长上升，增长”表示表示“下降，减少下降，减少”动词原形动词过去式名词动词原形动词过去式名词riserosearisefallfellafallgrowgrewagrowthdipdippedadipincreaseincreasedanincreasedropdroppedadropascendascendedanascentdescenddescendedadescent表示上升的其他词：表示上升的其他词：rocket,climb,jump,leap表示下降的其他词：表示下降的其他词：shrink，diminishRelative expressionl表示数据波动(fluctuate)的速度或幅度速度快速度快速度慢速度慢幅度大幅度大幅度小幅度小rapidquicksuddenswiftabruptsteadygentleslowgradualsmoothsharpsubstantialsignificantsteepdramaticdrasticconsiderableenormousincredibleremarkablenoticeablemarkedslightminimalmoderatemodestgradualmarginalRelative expressionlV.+adv.或者或者 Adj.+N.l持续下降：持续下降：ldip gradually,a smooth declinel缓慢上升：缓慢上升：lincrease slightly,a slow risel急剧下降：急剧下降：lfall sharply,a sharp decrease,plunge,slump,plummetl急剧上升：急剧上升：lgo up dramatically,a drastic growth,boom,shoot up,soar纵比描写（表达趋势）纵比描写（表达趋势）lThenumberofTVviewersinChinaincreaseddramaticallyfrom0.5millionto0.2billionduringthelastdecadeofthe20thcentury.lTherewasadramaticincreasefrom0.5millionto0.2billionintheamountofTV-viewersinChinaoveraten-yearperiodofthe20thcentury.lThelastdecadeofthe20thcenturywitnessedadrasticgrowthinthepopulationofTVaudienceinChina.lAmarkedupwardtrendtookplaceinthepopulationofTVaudienceinChinainthelasttenyearsof20thcentury.lThegraphshowsthetrendsinconsumptionoffastfoodsinBritain.lIn 1970,the British people consumed slightly more than 300 grams fish and chips,which increased smoothly to reach a peak at less than 400 grams five years later.However,it showed a sharp decrease in the following ten years before rising marginally to 250 grams in 1990.lAround 40 grams of pizza as well as 90 grams of hamburgers were consumed by Englishmen in 1970,and they both remained stable for five years,followed by a constant growth to nearly 300 and 550 grams respectively in 1990.lFrom the chart,we could conclude that Hamburgers have become the most popular fast foods among the three since1985,while an decreasing number of British people choose Fish and Chips.曲线图曲线图Line GraphlPractice:lThegraphbelowshowthenumberofenquirestoTouristInformationOfficemadebytelephone,letter/email,andinpersonfromJanuary2001toJune2001.lSummariestheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.曲线图曲线图Line GraphThelinegraphillustratesthechangesinthenumbersofdifferentmeanstoobtaintouristinformationduringasix-monthperiodfromJanuary2001.曲线图曲线图Line GraphAscanbeseenfromthegraph,threedifferentchoices,includingconsultinginperson,bycallingaswellasbye-mailorletter,werepresented.Thenumberofenquiresmadebycommunicatingfacetofaceshowedaconstantlyupwardtrendfrom400to1200overthehalfyear,transformingfromthelastpopularwaytothemostprevalentmode.曲线图曲线图Line GraphWithrespecttotheamountofcitizenswhochosetoobtaininformationbyletter/email,itstoodat800inJanuary,whichremainedstableinthefirstthreemonthsbeforeincreasingsmoothlytoabout1100inJune.ThetrendwasquitesimilarforitsspeakingcounterpartsuntilMarch,keepingconstantat600,butafterwards,itreducedmarkedlytoreachabottomat200atlast.曲线图曲线图Line GraphOverall,itisobviousthatpeopletendedtoseekadviceabouttravelingfromtheprofessionalsinperson.柱状图柱状图Bar Chartl多以数据间的比较为主l类型：2,3个单柱图or1个多柱图l单柱图重点：l最大值，最小值，并比较（横比）l注意相同或类似项目比较（if项目大于4,一般写出第二大类特点（排序），剩下的项目合并一项写（归类）柱状图柱状图Bar ChartlThe two charts show the deaths and medical research funding in Australia in 1990.l分析：分析：l图图1：l1.TB最高，为其他疾病总和（横最高，为其他疾病总和（横比）比）l2.其他类不高（归类）其他类不高（归类）l3.leprosy最低最低l图图2：l1.TB研究费最低研究费最低-与图与图1.1关系关系（联系）（联系）l2.AIDS经费最多，为经费最多，为TB 5倍（横倍（横比）比）l3.tropical disease,leprosy几几乎一样（类比）乎一样（类比）柱状图柱状图Bar Chart 1.TB最高，为其他疾病最高，为其他疾病总和（横比）总和（横比）Among various reasons for the deaths of Australian in 1990,TB took the lead and claimed more than 1.8 million lives,outnumbering the total mortality of all the other listed diseases.总结：项目名称总结：项目名称claim+数据数据 outnumbering分次表比较分次表比较柱状图柱状图Bar Chart 2.其他类不高（归类）其他类不高（归类）l3.leprosy最低最低lFor the remaining 5 categories of diseases,each caused a certain number of deaths,but all with a minor proportion.Leprosy,in contrast with TB,was the least fatal illness,of which only about 0.1 million persons were reported died.总结：总结：对比表达可做插入语对比表达可做插入语 ，of which+数据数据-非限定语从非限定语从句引出数据句引出数据柱状图柱状图Bar Chartl图图2：l1.TB研究费最低研究费最低-与图与图1.1关系关系（联系）（联系）l2.AIDS经费最多，为经费最多，为TB 5倍（横倍（横比）比）And the second chart illustrates the allotment of medical research funding on different kinds of disease.The most conspicuous item was TB,only 1/5 of the largest money spent on AIDS,which might account for the extremely high mortality rate by TB during the same time.总结：图做主语总结图做主语+illustrates.分图进行特点说明分图进行特点说明 ，which might account for/be responsible for/contribute to/表示表示合理猜测与合理猜测与1图连系图连系柱状图柱状图Bar Chartl图二图二l3.tropical disease,leprosy几乎一样（类比）几乎一样（类比）lAnother point worth mentioning in the second chart is that tropical diseases and leprosy were funded similarly,about 75 million.l总结：总结：point is that.l表达数据还可表达数据还可,+直加数据直加数据l多个单柱图先分图描述，并在多个单柱图先分图描述，并在第第2个图中描述与第一图之间的个图中描述与第一图之间的关系关系柱状图柱状图Bar Chartl多柱图重点：多柱图重点：l横纵坐标分别一个表示数量，一个表示比较项目，每个项目上有几个横纵坐标分别一个表示数量，一个表示比较项目，每个项目上有几个数据数据l可以每个数据为主线，比较其在不同项目上的数量变化，可以每个数据为主线，比较其在不同项目上的数量变化，if项目有一项目有一定的连续性（定的连续性（age,income），需写出增减趋势），需写出增减趋势l也可以项目为单位，写出该项上的几个数据极值，并与其他项目比较也可以项目为单位，写出该项上的几个数据极值，并与其他项目比较l数据和项目，谁少谁做主线较好数据和项目，谁少谁做主线较好柱状图柱状图Bar ChartlThechartbelowshowsthedifferentlevelsofpost-schoolqualificationsinAustraliaandtheproportionofmenandwomenwhoheldthemin1999.1.以以male 为主线，极值对比，按顺序写后两项（归类）为主线，极值对比，按顺序写后两项（归类）2.转为转为female比例多的比例多的2项项3.通过之前数据比较，进行全图的总结通过之前数据比较，进行全图的总结柱状图柱状图Bar Chart1.以male为主线，极值对比，按顺序写后两项（归类）Nearly90%ofmenheldtheskilledvocationaldiploma,whichposedthemoststrikingdifferencewithwomen,about1/9ofthefigureofman.Besides,for2moreitems,PostgraduatediplomaandMastersdegree,menwiththeseacademictitlesalsohadapredominance,andespeciallyforthepostgraduatediploma,thepercentageofmales,70%wassignificantlymorethanthatoftheoppositegender,30%.Speakingoftheothertwocategories,involvingPostgraduatediplomaandMastersdegree,malestillhadapredominance,accountingfor70%and60%respectively,whichweresignificantlyhigherthanthoseoffemales.总结of+人+v.做主语,whichposedthedifferencewith表对比分数表对比especiallyfor引出数据柱状图柱状图Bar Chart2.转为female比例多的2项Butladiesshowedtheiradvantageintheother2categories.Thosehavingacquiredaundergraduatediplomareached70%,2timesthatofmen;andasfortheitemofBachelorsdegree,femalesalsohad10%moreandthiswastheonlyonewiththequitesimilarnumberofholders.总结：特点：引出具体数据人+ving+reach+百分比timesthatof.表对比关系柱状图柱状图Bar Chart3.通过之前数据比较，进行全图的总结通过之前数据比较，进行全图的总结Except vocational diploma,it seemed that the higher the education,the less the number of females.总结：总结：the more,the more句型可以隐含表示因果关系句型可以隐含表示因果关系柱状图柱状图Bar Chartl总结：总结：l1.柱状图分为柱状图分为2种：有时间种：有时间or 无时间无时间l有时间：类似曲线图有时间：类似曲线图l无时间：与其他对象进行比较，注意分组无时间：与其他对象进行比较，注意分组l2.分组原则：分组原则：l情况相似的为一组，情况相似的为一组，lThe same situation exists in.lSimilarly,.lIn a similar way,.l反差较大的放一组反差较大的放一组l尽量找倍数关系：尽量找倍数关系：3 times,threefold,triplel3.数据处理：数据处理：l避免从头罗列，描述整体趋势或比较时列举特值：最高，最低，倍数，避免从头罗列，描述整体趋势或比较时列举特值：最高，最低，倍数，微小变化等微小变化等Relative Expressionl一个数据随着时间的变化一个数据随着时间的变化“超过超过”另一个数据：另一个数据：lsurpass,outnumber,exceedlThe amount of prisoners in Canada showed a dramatic growth during the decade,outnumbering that of Britain in 1995.l注意使用前提：图表有变化趋势注意使用前提：图表有变化趋势Relative Expressionl当出现2个或者3个多个的比较，可进行排序，用上follow,rank等lWithrespecttotheconsumptionofenergy,USAconsumedthelargestamount,followedbyJapanandSpain.lSpeakingoftheconsumptionofenergy,USAconsumedthelargestamount,withJapanandSpainrankingsecondandthirdrespectively.linthecaseof在.的情况下lintermsof/inrespectof/regarding在.方面Relative Expressionl形容词比较级也可表示比较lThehighestspendingofoverseastudentsinAustraliaisfoundinrentandfood.lForeignstudentsinAustraliaspendsubstantiallymoremoneyonrentandfoodthananyothercategories.Relative Expressionl倍数表达表比较l.times,double,.percent,aquarteroflAs.aslThanl女性的失业率为30%，而男性失业率为10%lTherateofunemploymentoffemaleswasthreetimemorethanthatoftheircounterpartsduringthecourseofEconomicDepression.lTherateofunemploymentofwomenwasthreetimesasmuchasthatofmalesovertheperiodofEconomicDepression.Practice表达表达4个国家在个国家在population上的比较上的比较As can be seen in the table,Bolivia has the largest population among the four countries,with 23 million,which is nearly twice more than that of Ecuador(12 million).Besides,Singapore and Jamaica rank in the third and fourth place,with 4 million and 2.3 million respectively.占据：占据：take up,occupy,account for,represent,constitute,be composed of柱状图柱状图Bar ChartlPractice:lThechartbelowshowsthepercentageofyoungpeopleaged15to24employedindifferentsectorsinNewZealandin1990and2000.lSummariestheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.柱状图柱状图Bar ChartThebarchartillustratesthedifferentemploymentsituationofyoungadultsagedbetween15and24inNewZealandduringthe1990s.柱状图柱状图Bar ChartIn1990,thepositionsincommercialsectorsandhotelandrestaurantwereconsideredasthetwomostpopularones,withcommerceleadingwithnearly30%andhotelandrestaurantfollowingwith15%.Theremainingfourdirectionscontainingagriculture,manufacturing,transportandothersectorsweremoreorlesssimilar,allofwhichtookuparound13%.柱状图柱状图Bar ChartTenyearslater,thepatterndidnotchangedramatically.Havingexperiencedadramaticincrease,theproportionsofgraduateswhoworkedintheworldofcommerceaswellasinhotelsandrestaurantsstillrankedthefirstandsecond,respectively.However,thepercentagesofgraduatesselectingotherfourdepartmentsastheircareerdecreased,withthefigureconcerningtransportrankingthelastin2000,constitutingabout7%.柱状图柱状图Bar ChartInconclusion,itcanberevealedevidentlyfromthebarchartthattheyouthinNewZealandwouldliketodosomejobsaboutcommerceratherthanabouttransport.饼形图（饼形图（Pie Chart）l特点：特点：l1.多伴随其他图标或多个饼形图一起出现，写法多伴随其他图标或多个饼形图一起出现，写法类似柱状图类似柱状图l2但需要总体与各组成项目之间的总分关系描述但需要总体与各组成项目之间的总分关系描述l3.单个单个：（类似单柱图）：（类似单柱图）比较极值，寻找相同项，比较极值，寻找相同项，项目过多需要排序和归类项目过多需要排序和归类l4.多个：选定参考点（一般第一个图）进行比较多个：选定参考点（一般第一个图）进行比较饼形图（饼形图（Pie Chart）1.考虑最大因素成本和零售商利润考虑最大因素成本和零售商利润,与农民所占份与农民所占份额比较（比较极值）额比较（比较极值）2.其他两项（归类）作为价格部分提及其他两项（归类）作为价格部分提及饼形图（饼形图（Pie Chart）Thepricingofchocolateconcerns5factors,amongwhich37%,thelargestshare,goestothecostofingredientsandoverheads,severaltimesasmuchasthatoffarmers.总结：总结：倍数比较倍数比较 _times as much as that of 饼形图（饼形图（Pie Chart）The cost of ingredients and overheads and the supermarket are the two largest parts of the price division of chocolate37%and 34%respectively,but farmers only got the slightest.The rest of the price covers the tax and the chocolate company,averaging 12%.总结：总结：所占比例：所占比例：A.总总 concern.,among which%goes to 项目名称项目名称B.项目名称项目名称 is/are.剩下比分：剩下比分：The rest of 总体总体covers,averaging(归类的平均值归类的平均值)饼形图（饼形图（Pie Chart）lThepiechartsshowhowemployeesofanexportcompanyusedifferentcoursestoforeignlanguagesfordifferentreasons.lSummarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.饼形图（饼形图（Pie Chart）lThe first chart reflects the course choices of certain employees,which consisted of 5 types of classes.Among them,full-time course took up the most outstanding share,38%.And the second largest section was for the self-taught employees,the number of which was.By contrast,those who never took any course only accounted for 5%,the least percentage in the chart.The other learners took part-time course either during the work hour or at night,but with quite similar proportions.l总结：主句形式多：课程，比例，总结：主句形式多：课程，比例，人人l 人可表达为人可表达为those+who,换换人称表达人称表达l 所占比例可作为插入语放句所占比例可作为插入语放句中，或句末中，或句末饼形图（饼形图（Pie Chart）lFor the second diagram,the illustration of the impetus for their study highlights holiday travelling,c