新东方英语精读三级Lesson6.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,LESSON 6,The Man i,n,the Water,Pre-class Discussion,How do you define a hero?What qualifications do you think a hero should have?,Whats the difference between a hero and an ordinary person?,Do you think an average person can be a hero?Why?/Why not?,Background of the text,T,his essay tells of the air crash that took place over,Potomac,in Washington D.C.in 1982.There were four acknowledged heroes of the event,three of them were lucky to survive the crash.However,the fourth one,who moved the whole nation,went down forever and became an anonymous hero.He kept on handing over the rope and ring to others,leaving himself no time and no chance to survive.He fought nature with kindness and love and exerted the best of human nature.,The author tells of the heroic deeds of four heroes in the accident who gave the chance of life to other survivors.,The authors comment on human nature:the cruelty of nature may devour the life of the man in the water,but it cant defeat such great human virtue as kindness.,STRUCTURE OF THE TEXT,Part,Paras.12,Part,Paras.36,Part,Paras.79,The author introduces the air crash in Washington D.C.and why it shocked the whole nation.,as people,things,etc.go,和一般人（或事物等）相比，就,（一般情况）而言,/,而论,As,leaders,go,hes not bad.,和一般领导相比，他算不错的。,As,history textbooks,go,this one is pretty good.,和一般历史教科书相比，这本书非常好。,As,food,go,es,Korean food was not the hottest in the world.,就食物而言，韩国食物不是最辣的。,As lovers go,from,Shrek 2,Ill be true,Ill be useful.Ill be cavalier.Ill be yours my dear.,And Ill belong to you.,If youll just let me through.,This is easy,as,lovers,go,So dont complicate it by hesitating.,And this is wonderful,as love goes,This is tailor-made,what,s the sense in waiting?,And I said Ive gotta be honest Ive been waiting for you all my life.,unique,single,only,sole,都有“唯一的，单一的”意思,unique:,“独一无二的”，强调一类中唯一存在的。,（一个一类）,single:,“一个的，单个的”强调没有其他人或物的陪伴。,（没有陪伴）,only:,常用词，指“唯一的，只有，仅仅”。含有“,不会再多,”的意思。,sole:,语气比,only,强，指唯一一个存在的或唯一一个给予考虑的。,（硕果仅存；不想别的）,unique,single,only,sole,The book in the museum is a,unique,copy.,（孤本）,The koala is,unique,to Australia.,There is a,single,tree in the yard.,He sent her a,single,red rose.,Shes their,only,daughter.,This is the,only,letter my father ever wrote to me.,She is the,sole,survivor of the crash.,My,sole,reason for coming here was to see you.,then,再者；还有；另外；而且,（引出下文，作补充，并不表示转折）,Shes been very busy at work and,then,there was all that trouble with her son.,她工作一直很忙，另外还有儿子的一堆麻烦事,This,then,was the problem that faced him,he could not do his duty without betraying his friends.,此外，这也是他面临的问题，他只有背叛朋友才能尽到职责。,the city of form and rules,n.+of n.,前面的名词多为人或事物，后面的名词多为抽象概念。常见于评价、评述。“,（样）的人，,（样）的地方等”。,类似的结构 如,:man of his word,The fact is,President Obama promised change,especially in our relationship with the rest of the world.In that regard,he has been a man of his word,and Europe has responded.,blast,v.s.,blow,二者皆有（一阵）强风，（一阵）强气流的意思,blast:,侧重于强调一股气流吹过的猛烈和突然性,blow:,指人吹气或人、自然界类似人吹气的现象,blast,v.s.,blow,A,blast,of hot air hit us as we stepped off the plane.,A,blast,of wind blew the window and the door opened immediately.,Make a,blow,on the candles and make a wish!,Give your nose a good,blow,.,slap,smack,spank,以上三个词都有“用手掌拍击；打；掌掴”的意思,slap:,侧重表示“扬手，甩手，扇，”的含义,smack:,只是表明“用巴掌打”，并不强调手腕动作,spank:,打,的屁股,但是，在这里，,slap是指代清脆突然的撞击声,Presidential Monuments,.,Washington Monument,Jefferson Memorial,Presidential Monuments,Lincoln Memorial,Presidential Monuments,clash;bump;collide;conflict,这些词均含有“碰撞”之意：,clash:,“撞击，撞击声”，指发出强烈,刺耳的嘈杂声,或,金属碰击声,。,在这里是指两种“符号”在视觉上形成了强烈的反差（从而在人们心理上造成了极大的震撼）,bump:,“猛撞，撞击”，主要指客观存在的人或实物的有力碰撞并且发出,沉闷的响声,。,collide:,“碰撞，相撞”，一般指运动中的人或物体发生,猛烈的碰撞,，而且多是,破坏性,的；也可指因,目的、利益等不一致,而产生严重的,直接冲突,。（同,crash,相比，强调“,对撞,”）,conflict:,常指因意见、立场、愿望等不同而产生的,对立或冲突,。,clash;bump;collide;conflict,She,clash,ed these pans down on the floor.,The warriors swords,clash,ed together.,Bayern and Real Madrid,clash,ed in the UEFA Champions League final.,His views and mine,clash,ed.,They have,clash,ing personalities.,The wallpaper,clash,es with the carpet.,Theres a,clash,between the wallpaper and the carpet.,clash;bump;collide;conflict,The boy skated on ice very fast and,bump,ed into his friend.,Be careful not to,bump,your head.The car and the van,collide,d head-on in thick fog.,If the national interests of the two countries,collide,there may be a war.,These results,conflict,with earlier findings.,Their political views,conflict,.,chunk,hunk,lump,clump,chunk:,一般指整体,中的，切割、崩塌,或碎裂的一部分；,厚块，大块,chunk,hunk,lump,clump,hunk:,（尤指食物）切下或掰下的大块，,大片,chunk,hunk,lump,clump,lump:,（通常为无定形的）块,（英式英语）（方糖）块,chunk,hunk,bulk,lump,clump,clump:,（尤指树,或植物的）丛；簇；,束；串,（某物质的）一堆，一团,Air Florida Palm 90,Scene of Accident,And there was the aesthetic clash as well,worth,V.S.,worthy,worth,与,worthy,都是作,“,值得,”,讲的形容词，但在使用上和搭配关系上都不尽相同。,一、,worth,一般只用作表语 “值,”,1,主语（物）,+be+worth+,名词。,Hawaii,is,a beautiful place for travelling and,worth a visit,.,夏威夷是个旅游胜地，值得一游。,The new bike,is worth 350 yuan,。,这辆新自行车值,350,元。,2,主语（物）,+be+worth+,动名词。,The book,is worth reading,.,这本书值得一读。,The car isnt,worth repairing,.,这辆汽车不值得修了。,注意：,（,1,）在这种情况下，句子的主语与动名词在逻辑上有动宾关系，因此这个动名词应该是及物的（如上述例句），,若用不及物动词，后面要加上介词,（如下述例句）。,The broadcast program is worth listening to.,这条广播节目值得一听。,The picture is worth taking good care of.,那幅画值得好好保存。,（,2,）在这种结构中，也可用先行词,it,作主语。,It is worth repairing the TV set.,这台电视机值修一下。,（,3,）,worth,前面，一般用,well,修饰，不用,very,。,The scheme is well worth a try.,这个计划很值得一次。,3,主语（人）,+be+worth+(,表示金钱或财产,),名词。表示,“,拥有,财产,”,“有,的身价,/,家。”,He is worth several million dollars.,他有好几百万美元的财产。,How much is Mr.Green worth?,格林先生有多少财产。,4,worth ones while“,是值得做,/,花时间的，,是有益的,”,，主语是动名词或动词不定式。句首用,it,作形式主语。,（,1,）,It is worth(ones)while+doing sth,值得某人做某事。,It is worth our while discussing the question again.,这个问题值得我们再讨论一下。,（,2,）,It is worth(ones)while+to do sth=To do sth is worth(ones)while,值得（某人）做某事。,It would be well worth your while to come to the meeting.,来参加这个会议对你来说是很值得的。,二、,worthy,可作定语和表语，作表语时才是,“,值得,”,的含义。,1,worthy,可作定语，意思是,“,可敬的，高尚的，值得敬仰的，值得关注的,”,。,They are my worthy friends.,他们是我可敬的朋友。,2,worthy,作表语，后接不定式作状语。如果句子的主语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，则不定式用主动语态；如果是动宾关系，则用被动语态。,He is worthy to fill the post.,这个职位他当之无愧。,The film is worthy to be seen again.,这部电影值得再看一遍。,3,worthy of“,值得,，配得上,”,（,1,）主语,+be+worthy of+n.,The article is worthy of careful study.,这篇文章值得仔细研究。,Her achievements are worthy of the highest praise.,她的成就值得高度的赞扬。,（,2,）主语,+be+worthy of+being done,The book is worthy of being read.,这本书值得一读。,（,3,）,worthy of,作后置定语。,She is a teacher worthy of great respect.,她是位受尊敬的教师。,He is a poet worthy of the name.,他是一位名副其实的诗人。,A girl,worth fighting for,from,Mulan,for a long time weve been marching off to battle.,in a thundering herd we feel a lot like cattle.like the pounding beat our aching feet arent easy to ignore.,hey,think of instead,a girl worth fighting for,.huh?thats what I said,a girl worth fighting for,.,to be sure,（承认属实）诚然，固然，无可否认,He is intelligent,to be sure,but hes also very lazy.,他固然聪明，但也很懒。,To be sure,he is young,but he is very experienced.,他确实很年轻，但他很有经验。,bring sb.to+n,bring sb.to heel,使某人紧跟,使某人就范（或俯首帖耳）,bring sb.to his knees;bring sb.to terms,迫使某人屈服,bring sb.to justice,将某人捉拿归案,/,把某人送上法庭,bring sb.to reason,（迫）使某人讲理,bring sb.to the scaffold,送某人上断头台,把某人处以死刑,bring sb.to the lure,引诱某人上钩,bring sb to book for sth,为某事盘问,/,责问某人,bring sb.to account,向某人提出质询,bring sb.(back)to reality,使某人面对现实,bring sb.back to life,起死回生,here,在此？这儿？,用于名词（该名词通常有指示代词修饰）之,后，表示强调,My friend here saw it happen.,我的这位朋友目睹了事情的经过。,This man here is the very person Im looking for.,这个人就是我要找的人。,Of all the stories here,I like this one best.,As disasters go,this one was terrible,but not unique,There was the unusual element,Then,too,there was,And there was,Still there was nothing,Why,then,the shock here?,Structural Recap on Para.1,more than,超过,多于,不仅仅,Weve despaired of him;he cant keep a job for more than six months.,我们对他已经绝望了,他做什么工作都不能超过半年。,For safetys sake,dont drive more than 30 kilometers per hour in the city.,为了安全起见，在市内开车时速不要超过三十公里。,There are more than 5,000 adjectives in that dictionary.,那本词典中有,5000,多个形容词。,Open to more than one interpretation.,（我们）可以找到不止一种解释,It,s not easy to be me,from,superman,I can,t stand to fly,I,m not that naive,I,m just out to find,The better part of me,I,m,more than,a bird,I,m,more than,a plane,More than,some pretty face beside a train,It,s not easy to be me,mechanical failure,机械故障,类似短语,heart failure,心力衰竭,power failure,电力故障,mining failure,采矿失败,market failure,（经济学）“市场失灵,/,效”,General failure,一般性错误（计算机，多为硬件故障）,bring down,打倒；打落；击落；放倒,H,e aimed,fired and,brought down,the antelope.,他,瞄准羚羊射击，把它撂倒了。,In American football,you have to try to,bring down,your opponent.,在美,式橄榄球赛中,你必,须设法把对手弄倒在地。,The pilot won a medal for,bringing down,enemy aircrafts.,那位,飞行员因击落敌机而获奖。,rise to sth能够处理，有能力处理（突发情况，问题等）；,成功应付挑战（或困难的局面）,Luckily,my mother rose to the occasion.,幸好，我母亲挺身而出作了处置。,He was determined to rise to the challenge.,他决心克服困难迎接挑战。,At this critical moment,they need someone who can rise to the occasion.,在这个关键时刻，他们需要一个能够掌控局面的人。,account for,v.s.,explain,都有“解释；说明”的意思,account for:,指对于事件或状况的一份,符合实际,情况的事实陈述，指一种较正式的描述，通常由,亲历者、目击者,提供。,explain:,通过描述事物的形式和结构，追溯其起源和发展，展示其运行和用法，或列举其各部分间的关系和产生结果的原由来,“阐释”,该事物。在多数非正式场合下，它指在口头上试图,证明,某些行为,合理,或,使,它们,被理解,；也可指对某事物的,因果关系,做出总的解释。,account for,v.s.,explain,He couldnt,account for,the fact that he didnt come back home last night to his wife.,His illness,account,s,for,his absence.,It was difficult to,explain,the problem to beginners.,You have 10 seconds to,explain,all this!,“Tom is in hospital.”,“That,explain,s why he wasnt in school today.,skid,（飞机的）起落撬；滑撬,in the line of duty,本意为“在工作期间，在执行任务时，执勤时”,The police officer was killed in the line of duty yesterday.,但是在这里，这个短语应理解为“,职责所在；应该做的”,The police help people in the line of duty.,lifeline,flotation ring,mass casualty,巨大的灾难；巨大的伤亡；群死群伤的事件,massacre,类似的短语：,mass media,mass communication,mass production,mass movement,in the mass,hence;so;therefore;thus,hence:,较正式用词，指接下来的东西是理所当然的必然的东西，且强调其原因的客观，结果的必然。,“因此”，“直至”,so:,常用词，用于比较随便的场合，口语中多用。,“所以”,therefore:,通常引出一个推断出的结论。表现因果的联系，但原因是否客观不强调。,“有鉴于此”,thus:,多用于书面语中，可与,therefore,换用。因而，从而，所以。,“由是”,hence;so;therefore;thus,Alcohol can cause liver failure and,hence,death.,It was snowing,and,so,I could not go out.,There is still much to discuss.We shall,therefore,return to this item at our next meeting.,We do not own the building.,Thus,it would be impossible for us to make any major changes to it.,average,common,ordinary,commonplace,general,universal,这些形容词均含有“普通的，普遍的”之意。,average:,通常指的是能力，业绩等的,平均水平,，,中等的,common:,侧重彼此有,共同特征,，不稀奇，无特殊地位、头衔。,ordinary:,用于事物指每天发生，,十分平淡无奇,；用于人，指,全无特别之处,，很一般。,commonplace:,现象,司空见惯,，言语,(,多为,n),老生常谈,general:,语气强于,common,，,侧重,大多如此,，很少有例外情况。,“通常的”“普遍的”“总体上的”,universal:,与,general,同义，但语气较强，侧重对每个人或事物,都适用,，没有例外。,“放诸四海皆准的”,average,common,ordinary,commonplace,general,universal,I was just an,average,sort of student.,This is true both for the philosopher and the,common,man.,It is,common,practice to offer guests some refreshment.,Although she was rich,she was always in,ordinary,dress.,We are all,ordinary,people but we dream big.,average,common,ordinary,commonplace,general,universal,It is becoming increasingly,commonplace,for people to use the Internet at home.,The speech was full of,commonplace,s.,There is one exception to this,general,principle.,The,general,opinion is that the conference was a success.,Such problems are a,universal,feature of old age.,faculty;ability;capability;,capacity,faculty:,官能；天赋,的内在的能力,ability:,含义较广，主要指人具有从事体力或脑力劳动的能力，可以是先天具有的，也可以是后天习得的，并且,暗含能够干好,的意味。其复数形式表示“才能，专门技能”。,capability:,意义基本,与,ability,相同,，可指人或物。复数形式指潜在的能力。（,稍正式，综合，大,）,capacity:,容纳,某事物的能力，或生产，体会，理解或学习等的能力。（这里指为别人牺牲的“气度”）,faculty;ability;capability;,capacity,She retained her mental,faculties,until the day she died.,A pilot has the,ability,to fly his plane through a storm.,He found the company more suitable to his,abilities,.,Almost everyone has some musical,ability,since hes born.,The country has the,capability,to defeat any enemy.,I dont think that boy has great,capabilities,.,faculty;ability;capability;,capacity,The child shows a great,capacity,for learning languages.,This vacuum flask has a,capacity,of five pounds.,Limited resources are restricting our,capacity,for developing new products.,owe sth to sb/sth,归因于；归功于；因,而,I knew that I,owe,d my life,to,the surgeon.,我明白我是因这位外科医生才得以活命的。,He,owe,s his success more,to,luck than to ability.,他认为他的成功是靠运气而不是因为自己有能力。,doze;nap;nod(off);slumber,都是动词，都有睡的意思：,doze:,多用于口语中，指轻微的小睡或处于半睡状态。,nap:,指白天的小睡、打盹儿。,nod(off):,打瞌睡，（无意间）短时低头睡着。,slumber:,可与,sleep,互换，（正式，修辞）多指人安详地或长时间地睡。,doze;nap;nod(off);slumber,I,doze,d fitfully until dawn.,我断断续续地打着瞌睡，直到黎明。,The old man,nap,ped on the porch.,那位老人在走廊上打盹儿。,I was practically,nod,ding,off,in that meeting.,我在那次会上差点睡着了。,He sat,nod,ding in front of the fire.,他坐在炉火前打盹儿。,Allow no sleep to your eyes,no,slumber,to your eyelids.,别睡着；莫合眼,trip,journey,tour,travel,voyage,excursion,expedition,cruise,这些名词均含“旅行”之意。,trip:,普通用词，口语多用，常指为,公务或游玩,作的,较短暂,的旅行。,journey:,普通用词，侧重指,时间较长、距离较远,的,单程,旅行。,tour:,指,最后返回出发地,，旅途中有停留游览点，距离可长可短，目的各异的周游或巡游。,travel:,泛指,旅行的行为,而不指某次具体的旅行，多指到远方作长期旅行，不强调直接目的地，单、复数均可用。,trip,journey,tour,travel,voyage,excursion,expedition,cruise,voyage:,指在水上旅行，,尤指海上旅行,，有时也可指空中旅行。,excursion:,较正式用词，常指,不超过一天,的短期娱乐性游玩，也可指乘火车或轮船往返特定景点的远足旅游。,expedition:,指有特定目的,远征或探险,。,cruise:,主要指,乘船的游览,并在多处停靠,surprise,amaze,astonish,astound,startle,shock,stun,这些动词均含“使惊愕，使惊讶，使惊奇”之意,surprise:,普通用词，多指因,未预料,或,意外,的事而引起的惊奇。,amaze:,指因认为,不可能或极少可能,发生情况的出现而感到惊讶或迷惑不解。,astonish:,语气较强，指,出乎预料,，意外发生，但,又无法解释,而感到惊奇。,surprise,amaze,astonish,astound,startle,shock,stun,astound:,语气强，指由于事情,令人难以置信或实在罕见,而使人感到,震惊,。,startle:,指因突然的惊吓或意料不到的刺激等而使人,惊跳,或震惊。,shock:,本意指电击，后来指,思想上如同遭受电击一样,的冲击，震惊,stun:,语气最强,，指极度惊讶而,目瞪口呆,，不知所措。,have to do,（,表示一定真实或肯定发生）一定是；一定会,Things,have to,get better they cant get any worse.,情况一定会好起来，不可能再糟了。,There,has to,be a reason for his strange behavior.,他的古怪行为一定事出有因。,be to do sth,(1),（表示必须或应该）得，应该,(2),（表示计划或安排）打算，计划,(3),（表示后来发生的事情）要（做）,；会（做）,；将会,be to do sth,I,am to,call them once I reach the airport.,You,are to,report this to the police.,They,are to,be married in June.,The ceremony,is to,take place in the palace grounds.,He was the very boy who,was to,become king.He,was to,regret that decision for the rest of his life.,be to do sth,Jenny didnt have to stay in that house no more.She,was to,live with her grandma.,(from,Forrest Gump,),for its part,拟人的用法。本来的词组是,“,for sbs part,”,，“就某人而言”，这里将冷酷的大自然比作是“一个人”，就“他”而言，,For my part,I would prefer to continue with the current plan.,Napoleons army was weakened and the British,for their part,were eager to attack.,age-old,古老的，由来已久的,Its the,age-old,problem of poverty.,Never trust much to a new friend,or an,age-old,enemy.,新友宿敌勿轻信。,Potomac River,go at,go at sb,攻击某人，扑向某人,They,went at,each other furiously.,他们相互猛烈攻击。,go at sth,拼命干；卖力干,They,went at,the job as if their lives depended on it.,他们干起活来好像性命攸关似的。,come to the conclusion,结论；推论。,与,conclusion,搭配的常见词组还有,come to the conclusion,Ive,come to the conclusion,that hes not the right person for the job.,我断定他不适合做这项工作。,reach the conclusion,It took the jury some time to,reach