Section 2 The Cranial Nerves(脑神经).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,*,Section 2,The Cranial Nerves,(,脑神经,),I.Olfactory n.,(,嗅神经,),II.Optic n.,(,视神经,),III.Oculomotor n.,(,动眼神经,),IV.Trochlear n.,(,滑车神经,),V.Trigeminal n.,(,三叉神经,),VI.Abducent n.,(,展神经,),VII.Facial n.,(,面神经,),Systematic Anatomy,1,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,The Cranial Nerves,一嗅二视三动眼，四滑五叉六外展，七面八听九舌咽，,十是迷走十一副，再加舌下十二全。,VIII.Vestibulocochlear n.,(,前庭蜗神经,)(,位听神经,),IX.Glossopharyngeal n.,(,舌咽神经,),X.Vagus n.,(,迷走神经,),XI.Accessory n.,(,副神经,),XII.Hypoglossal n.,(,舌下神,经,),O,h.,o,h.,o,h.,t,o,t,ouch,a,nd,f,eel,v,ery,g,reen,v,egetables,AH,!,Systematic Anatomy,2,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,Introduction,A.Classification of the Cranial Nerves,1.Sensory nerves,(,感觉神经,):,I,II,VIII.,2.Motor nerves,(,运动神经,):,III,IV,VI,XI,XII.,3.Mixed nerves,(,混合神经,):,V,VIIIX,X.,Systematic Anatomy,3,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,Introduction,B.,Components of the,C,ranial,Nerves,1.Sensory(afferent)fibers,感觉,(,传入,),纤维,1)general somatic sensory fiber,(GSA),(,一般躯体感觉纤维,):,skin nerve endings(,皮肤神经末稍,)muscle spindles(,肌梭,),Systematic Anatomy,4,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,Introduction,2)special somatic sensory fiber,(SSA),(,特殊躯体感觉纤维,):,visual(,视,),hearing(,听,),balance organs(,平,衡,),Systematic Anatomy,5,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,Introduction,3)general visceral sensory fiber,(GVA),(,一般内脏感觉纤维,):,all viscera(,全部内脏,),4)special visceral sensory fiber,(SVA)(,特殊内脏感觉纤维,):,olfactory(,嗅器,)and taste(,味器,),Systematic Anatomy,6,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,Introduction,2.Motor(efferent)fibers,运动,(,传出）纤维,1)general somatic motor fiber,(GSE)(,一般躯体运动纤维,):,muscles of the eye and tongue(,眼外肌和舌肌,),Systematic Anatomy,7,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,Introduction,2)general visceral motor fiber(GVE)(,一般内脏运动纤维,):,smooth mm.(,平滑肌,),cardiac mm.(,心肌,),glands(,腺体,),Systematic Anatomy,8,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,Introduction,3)special visceral motor fiber,(SVE)(,特殊内脏运动,):,skeletal muscles derive from branchial arch(,源与鳃弓的骨骼肌,),I,鳃弓,咀嚼肌,II,鳃弓 面肌,III-VII,鳃弓 咽喉肌,胸锁乳突肌,斜方肌,Systematic Anatomy,9,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,I.The Olfactory Nerve,(,嗅神经,),SVA,olfactory,bulb,(,嗅球,),olfactory filaments(I),(,嗅丝,),cribriform,foramina,olfactory,cells,(,嗅细胞,),within the olfactory,epithelium of nasal cavity,(,在鼻腔内嗅区上皮,),anosmia,嗅觉丧失,hyposmia,嗅觉减退,Systematic Anatomy,10,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,II.The Optic Nerve,(,视神经,),SSA,rod cells,(,视杆细胞,),cone cells,(,视锥细胞,),ganglionic,cells,(,节细胞,),II,optic,chiasma,(,视交叉,),optic canal,(,视神经管,),photoreceptor cells,(,感光细胞,),total blindness,全盲,bipolar,cells,(,双极细胞,),Systematic Anatomy,11,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,.The Oculomotor Nerve,(,动眼神经,),GSE,GVE,midbrain,（中脑）,脚间窝,III superior branch,(,上支,),superior rectus,levator palpebrae,superioris,(,上直肌,上睑提肌,),inferior rectus,medial rectus,inferior oblique,(,下直肌,内直肌,下斜肌,),superior orbital,fissure(,眶上裂,),III inferior branch,(,下支,),strabismus,斜视,损伤,:,眼睑下垂,瞳孔扩大,眼球转向外下,复视,sphincter pupil,ciliary m.,(,瞳孔括约肌,睫状肌,),Systematic Anatomy,12,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,.The Oculomotor Nerve,(,动眼神经,),GSE,GVE,Systematic Anatomy,13,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,.The Trochlear Nerve,(,滑车神经,),GSE,midbrain,(,中脑,),背侧,IV,superior oblique,（上斜肌）,sup.orbital,fissure(,眶上裂,),Systematic Anatomy,14,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,.The Trigeminal Nerve,(,三叉神经,),GSA,SVE,V,maxillary n,(,上颌神经,),ophthalmic n,(,眼神经,),mandibular,nerve,(,下颌,n),pons,(,脑桥,),lacrim.n,(,泪腺,),frontal,(,额,),n,nasociliary,(,鼻睫,),n,眶上神经,lacrimal gland(,泪腺,),鼻背,腔,筛窦,眼球,V,ganglion,(,三叉神,经节,),额皮,infraorbital,(,眶下,),n,sup.alveolar,(,上牙槽,),n,auriculotemporal n,buccal,(,颊,),n,lingual,(,舌),n,inf.alveolar n,眼口间皮肤,上牙,牙龈,颞部皮肤,颊部皮肤,粘膜,舌前,2/3,一般感觉,Taste.,舌前,2/3,味觉,mental,颏,n,下唇皮肤,lower teeth,下牙,牙龈,masticat.brs,(,咀嚼肌支,),mastic.mm.,咀嚼肌,trigeminal neuralgia,三叉神经痛,trigeminal nerve block,三叉神经封闭,鼓索,下颌舌骨肌,N,Zygomatic n,.(,颧神经,),颧部皮肤,滑车上神经,VII,Systematic Anatomy,15,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,.The Trigeminal Nerve,(,三叉神经,),GSA,SVE,Systematic Anatomy,16,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,.The Trigeminal Nerve,(,三叉神经,),GSA,SVE,Systematic Anatomy,17,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,.The Trigeminal Nerve,(,三叉神经,),GSA,SVE,V,1,V,2,V,3,Systematic Anatomy,18,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,.The Abducent Nerve,(,展神经,),GSE,pons,（脑桥）,VI,lateral rectus,（外直肌）,strabismus,斜视,diplopia(double vision),复视,sup.orbital,fissure(,眶上裂,),Systematic Anatomy,19,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,CN I.The Olfactory Nerve,(SVA),olfactory bulb,I,olfactory filaments,(I),olfactory cells,CN II.The Optic Nerve,(SSA),optic,chiasma,II,ganglionic,cells,bipolar,cells,rod&cone cells,CN III.The,Oculomotor,Nerve,(GSE,GVE),superior,br,.,superior,rectus,levator,palpebrae,superioris,inferior,br,.,inf.,rectus,medial,rectus,&inferior oblique,CN IV.The,Trochlear,Nerve,(GSE),midbrain,IV,superior oblique,CN V.The Trigeminal Nerve,(GSA,GVA,SVE),ganglion,1.,ophthalmic n.(V,1,),lacrimal,n.,lacrimal,gland,frontal n.,supraorbital,n.,frontal skin,supratrochlear,n.,frontal skin,nasociliary,n.,nose,eyeball,&,ethmoidal,sinus,Summary of CN I-VI,Systematic Anatomy,20,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,2.,maxillary n.,(V2),infraorbital,n.,skin between eye and mouth,zygomatic,n.,zygomatic,skin,pterygopalatine,n.,nasal cavity,palatine&tonsil,superior alveolar n.,superior teeth,3,mandibular,n.(V3),auriculotemporal,n.,temporal skin,buccal,n.,buccal,skin and mucosa,lingual n,.,anterior 2/3 part of tongue,inferior alveolar n,.,mental n.,mental skin,inferior teeth,gingiva,submandibular,ganglion,mylohyoid,and,digastric,mm.,masticatory,branches,masticatory,mm.,CN VI.The,Abducent,Nerve,(GSE),pons,VI,lateral,rectus,Summary of CN I-VI,Systematic Anatomy,21,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,VII.The Facial Nerve,(,面神经,),SVE,SVA,GSA,GVE,pons,(,脑桥,),延髓沟,geniculate,ganglion,(,膝神经节,),VII,VII,stapedius,(,镫骨肌,),taste of,anterior 2/3,of tongue,(,舌前味觉,),facial mm.,(,面肌,),lingual n,(,舌神经,),tympanic chord,(,鼓索,),stapedial n,(,镫骨肌神经,),temporal branches,(,颞支,),zygomatic branches,(,颧支,),buccal branches,(,颊支,),marginal mandibul.br,(,下颌缘,),cervical branch,(,颈支,),V,1,lacrimal n,lacrimal gland,nasal glands,palatine glands,(,泪,鼻腔,腭腺,),submandibular,gland,sublingual gland,(,下颌下腺,舌下腺,),facial,paralysis,面神经瘫,facial,spasm,面痉挛,pterygo-,palatine,ganglion,greater petrosal,n,(,岩大神经,),腭,蝶腭,N,internal acoustic pore,stylomastoid,foramen,Systematic Anatomy,22,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,VII.The Facial Nerve,(,面神经,),SVE,SVA,GSA,GVE,Systematic Anatomy,23,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,VII.The Facial Nerve,(,面神经,),SVE,SVA,GSA,GVE,Systematic Anatomy,24,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,.The Vestibulocochlear Nerve,(,前庭蜗神经,),SSA,nervous deafness,神经性耳聋,brain,stem,(,脑干,),延髓脑桥沟,vestibular n.,(,前庭神经,),cochlear n.,(,蜗神经,),vestibular,ganglion,(,前庭神经节,),spiral,ganglion螺旋神经节,),头位置,听觉,maculae of,saccule,(,椭圆囊,),maculae of,utricle,(,球囊,),ampullary,crest,(,壶腹嵴,),spiral organs,（螺旋器）,Int.acous.meatus&pore,(,内耳道,内耳门,),Systematic Anatomy,25,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,.The Vestibulocochlear Nerve,(,前庭蜗神经,),SSA,Systematic Anatomy,26,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,.The G,lossopharyngeal,Nerve,(,舌咽神经,),SVE,GVE,SVA,GVA,GSA,IX,medulla,oblongata,(,延髓,),sup.ganglion,inf.ganglion,tympanic n,(,鼓室,),otic,gang,parotid gland,(,腮腺,),carotid sinus branch,carotid sinus&glomus,lingual br,(,舌支,),post.1/3 of tongue(taste,pharynx,stylopharyngeal br,(,茎突咽肌支,),stylopharyn,.,(,茎突咽肌,),tonsillar br,.(,扁桃体支,),palatine tonsil,(,腭扁桃体,),post.auricular br,(,耳后支,),pharyngeal mm.,pharyngeal branch,(,咽支,),post.auricul.skin,(,耳后皮肤,),&other sensory),jugular foramen,Systematic Anatomy,27,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,.The G,lossopharyngeal,Nerve,(,舌咽神经,),SVE,GVE,SVA,GVA,GSA,Systematic Anatomy,28,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,.The Vagus Nerve,(,迷走神经,),SVE,GVE,GVA,GSA,medulla oblongata,X,L,R,sup.ganglion,inf.ganglion,sup.laryng.n,(,喉上,N),phary.br,.(,咽支,),sup.cerv.card.br,.(,颈上心支,),inf.cerv.card.br,.(,颈下心支,),rec.laryng.n,.(,喉返,N),inf.laryng.n,(,喉下,N),bronc.br,.,(,支气管支,),esophag.br.,(,食管支,),ant.vagal tr.,(,前干,),post.vagal tr,.(,后干,),int.br,.(,内支,),laryn.mucosa,(,喉粘膜,),cricothyroideus,(,环甲肌,),phary.mm,(,咽肌,),&mucosa,(,粘膜,),cardiac plexus,(,心丛,),heart mm,(,心肌,),laryng.mm,喉肌,&mucosa(,粘膜,),esoph.br,(,食管支,),trac.br,(,气管支,),食管腺,肌,气管腺,肌,&mucosa(,粘膜,),&mucosa(,粘膜,),hepat.br,.(,肝支,),ant.gast.br,(,胃前支,),post.gast.br,(,胃后支,),celiac br,.(,腹腔支,),hepat.plx,gast.plx,gast.plx,celiac plx,肝腺,肌,sens,sens,sens,sens,胃腺,肌,胃腺,肌,肠腺,肌,pulmonary plx,esoph.plx,支气管腺,肌,食管腺,肌,&mucosa(,粘膜,),&mucosa(,粘膜,),sense,耳支,耳廓,硬脑膜,extbr,.(,外支,),jugular foramen,C,T,A,Systematic Anatomy,29,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,.The Vagus Nerve,(,迷走神经,),SVE,GVE,GVA,GSA,Systematic Anatomy,30,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,XI.The Accessory Nerve,(,副神经,),SVE,medulla,oblongata,(,脑干,),spinal cord,(,脊髓,)cranial root,(,颅根,),spinal root,(,脊根,),XI,sterno-cleido-mastoideus,(,胸锁乳突肌,),trapezius,(,斜方肌,),pharyngeal mm.,laryngeal mm,(,咽喉肌,),X,jugular foramen,Systematic Anatomy,31,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,XII.The Hypoglossal Nerve,(,舌下神经,),GSE,medulla,oblongata,(,延髓,),XII,lingual branches,(,舌支,),mm of tongue,(,舌肌,),descending br,(,降支,),ansa cervicalis,(,颈袢,),infrahyoid mm,(,舌骨下肌群,),hypo-,glossal,canal,舌下,神经管,cervical plexus,(,颈丛,),paralysis of tongue,mm.,舌肌瘫痪,(,伸舌时舌歪向患侧,),Systematic Anatomy,32,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,Summary of CN VII-XII,CN VII.The Facial Nerve,(SVE,GVE,SVA,GSA),pons,VII,geniculate,ganglion,deep,petrosal,n.,greater,petrosal,n.,n.of,pterygoid,canal,pterygopalatine,ganglion,lacrimal,gland,1.,stapedial,nerve,stapedius,2.,tympanic chord,lingual n.,taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue,ganglion,submandibular,&sublingual gland,3.,temporal branches,frontal muscle,orbicularis,oculi,4.,zygomatic,branches,zygomaticus,orbicularis,oculi,5.,buccal,branches,buccinator,muscles around the mouth,6.,marginal,mandibular,branch,muscles of lower lip,7.,cervical branch,platysma,8.,posterior auricular n.,auricular muscles and,occipitalis,CN VIII.The,Vestibulocochlear,Nerve,(SSA),1.,vestibular n.,vestibular ganglion,maculae of,saccule,&utricle,ampullary,crest,2.,cochlear n,.,cochlear ganglion,spiral organs,Systematic Anatomy,33,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,Summary of CN VII-XII,CN IX.The,Glossopharyngeal,Nerve,),(SVE,GVE,SVA,GVA,GSA),superior ganglion,parotid gland,otic,ganglion,inferior ganglion,tympanic n.,tympanic plexus,lessor,petrosal,n,1.,carotid sinus branch,carotid sinus&carotid,glomus,2.,lingual branches,posterior 1/3 of tongue(taste and other sensory),3.,pharyngeal branch,pharyngeal mucous,4.,stylopharyngeal,branch,stylopharyngeus,5.,tonsillar,branch,palatine tonsil,6.,posterior auricular branch,posterior auricular skin,CN XI.The Accessory Nerve,(SVE),medulla oblongata,XI,sternocleidomastoideus,&,trapezius,CN XII.The Hypoglossal Nerve,(GSE),medulla oblongata,XII,1.,lingual branches,muscles of tongue,2.,descending branch,ansa,cervicalis,infrahyoid,muscles,Systematic Anatomy,34,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,Summary of CN VII-XII,CN X.The,Vagus,Nerve,(GVE,SVE,GVA,GSA),superior ganglion,inferior ganglion,1.superior laryngeal n,external,br,.,cricothyroideus,internal,br,.,laryngeal mucosa,2.,pharyngeal,br,.,pharyngeal muscles&mucosa,3.,superior cervical cardiac branch,cardiac plexus,heart,4.,inferior cervical cardiac branch,cardiac plexus,heart,5.,recurrent laryngeal n.,tracheal&esophageal,brs,.,esophageal plexus,inferior laryngeal n.,laryngeal muscles&mucosa,6.,bronchial branch,pulmonary plexus,lung,esophagus,7.,esophageal branch,esophageal plexus,esophagus,8.,L.ant.,vagal,trunk,anterior gastric,brs,.,gastric muscles&mucosa,hepatic branch,liver,9.,R.post.,vagal,trunk,celiac,brs,.,celiac plexus,abdominal organs,posterior gastric branches,gastric muscles&mucosa,Systematic Anatomy,35,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,