通悟语法系列5情态动词和虚拟语气.ppt

第,5,讲,情态动词和虚拟语气,(,一,),情态动词,考点,1,九大情态动词的基本用法,【,考题小练,】,用适当的情态动词填空,(,必要时用否定形式,),1.You _ have told Jim anything about it.It was,none of his business.,neednt,2.The giant panda looks very mild.But it _ be very,fierce when you annoy it.,3.The players from Guangzhou,Evergrande,Football,Club have been doing very well recently,so they,_ win the final match.,4.You _ be Carol.You havent changed a bit after,all these years.,can,should,must,【,考点精讲,】,1.can/could,(1),表示能力,(could,常用于表示过去的能力,),。,*,Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I,can,find enough money.,(2),表示理论上的可能性,“,有时候可能会”,(,用在肯定句中,),。,Credit cards provide us with lots of convenience,but they,can,lead to problems.,(3),表示请求和允许,口语中常用,could,代替,can(could,用来表示现在,用以委婉地提出请求等,但回答时必须用,can),。,*,Could,I use your phone,please?,Yes,you can./No,you cant.,2.may/might,表示请求、允许、许可,might,比,may,的语气更委婉。,*,May,I ask if you are fond of travelling by sea?,3.must,(1),表示“必须,;,应该”。,*,We,must,put the peoples interests above all else.,(2),表示“偏要,硬要”。,*,If you,must,go,at least wait until the storm is over.,4.shall,(1),用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方的意见。,*,Shall,the driver wait outside?,(2),用于第二、三人称的陈述句,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁,;,此外,表示法律、条文中规定“必须,”,时也用,shall,。,*,I promised he,shall,get a present for his birthday.,5.should,(1),表示劝告和建议,作“应该”讲。,*,Why,shouldnt,we buy the lady a flower?It will make her feel better.,(2),表示惊讶、意外等情绪,意为“竟然”。,*,It is surprising that you,should,not know it.,(3),用在,if,条件句中,表示可能性很小,但也不是完全不可能。,*,If you,should,fail to come,ask,Mr,Smith to work in your place.,6.will/would,(1),用于表示意志或意愿。,*,We,will,never allow anyone,any organization or any political party,at any time or in any form,to separate any part of Chinese territory from China.,(2),表示“请求,;,建议”。用,would,比,will,委婉、客气些。,*,Will/Would,you please keep the door open?,(3),表示习惯,will,可以表示现在的习惯,意为“总是,;,习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作用,would,。,*,He,would,get up early when he lived in the country.,(4),表示事物的某种性质和倾向,或按规律“注定会”。,*,Wearing proper clothes is important too,for locals,will,judge you by what you wear.,7.need,表示“需要,;,必要”,用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。,*,Its quite warm here;we,neednt,turn the heating on yet.,8.dare,表示“敢,;,敢于”,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中,一般不用于肯定句。,I dare say,是习惯说法,意为“我想,大概”。,*,Are you coming with me?,I cant,Alice.I,darent.,9.ought to,表示义务,意为“应当”,语气比,should,强。,*,You,ought not to,be so selfish.,【,点津,】,易混词,(,组,),用法比较,情态动词,主要用法,can(could,)/,be able to,can/could,can,只有现在式和过去式,(could),表示一般能力,be able to,有更多的时态形式,was/were able to,表示通过努力、克服困难成功做到了某事,情态动词,主要用法,would/,used to,would,表示过去习惯性或重复性的动作,没有与现在对比的含义,used to,表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态,强调今昔对比,(,意味着“现在不再,了”,),考点,2,情态动词的推测用法,【,考点精讲,】,情态动词,用法,示例,can/could,表示可能性,主要用于否定句和疑问句,*,This cant be done by him.,may/,might,表推测时主要用于肯定句或否定句中,might,的可能性比,may,小,*,Parents may scold their children when they are untidy.,情态动词,用法,示例,must,表示有把握的推测,意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句中,*,Hurry up!They must be waiting for us now.,should/,ought to,表示有一定根据的推测、推论或可能性,意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等,(,肯定的语气没有,must,表推测时强,),*,He ought to/should be here on timehe started early enough.,考点,3,“情态动词,+have done”,的用法,【,考点精讲,】,1.,对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,must have done,(,过去,),一定,;,语气比较肯定,;,用于肯定句,may(might),have done,(,过去,),可能,;,语气不确定,;,用于肯定句和否定句,can(could),have done,用于否定句和疑问句,表示怀疑或不确定,2.,表示“与过去事实相反”,could have done,过去本可以做某事但实际上没做,neednt have done,过去本不必做某事但实际上做了,ought to/should have done,过去本应该做某事但实际上没做,oughtnt to/shouldnt have done,过去不应该做某事但实际上做了,might have done,过去本可以做某事但实际上没做,【,题组训练,】,用适当的情态动词填空,(,必要时用否定形式,),1._ you keep the children quiet?Im trying to,concentrate.,2.It was sad to me that they,so poor themselves,_bring me food.,Cant,should,3.Days later,my brother called to say he was all right,but _ say where he was.,世纪金榜导学号,4.Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He _have drunk,too much at the party last night.,wouldnt,must,5.Are you going to find a job back in your,hometown?,Well,I havent decided yet.I _ find some,other choices.,may/might,(,二,),虚拟语气,考点,1,状语从句中虚拟语气的用法,【,考点精讲,】,一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中,1.,虚拟语气在,if,条件句中的运用,类别,从句谓语动词,主句谓语动词,与现在事实相反,过去式,(be,用,were),should/would/could/might+,动词原形,与过去事实相反,had+,过去分词,should/would/could/,might+have,+,过去分词,与将来事实相反,过去式,(be,用,were),should/would/could/might+,动词原形,should+,动词原形,were to+,动词原形,*,If my brother,were,here,everything,would be,all right.,*If it,should rain,this afternoon,the basketball match,would be put off,.,*If you,had taken,my advice,you,would not have failed,in the exam.,2.,虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装,如果虚拟条件句中含有,were/had/should,可把,if,省略,把,were/had/should,提到主语之前形成倒装,;,若为否定形式,not,不可提前。,*,Had,he caught the morning train,he would not have been late for the meeting.,3.,错综时间条件句,有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整。,*,If we,had booked,a table earlier,we,wouldnt be,standing here in a queue.(if,条件句是对过去的虚拟,而主句是对现在的虚拟。,),4.,含蓄条件句,(1),有时假设的情况不用条件句表达,而是用,but for,without,等介词,(,短语,),或上下文来表示。,*,We wouldnt have finished the project on time,without,your timely help.,(2),用,otherwise,or,等暗示后文与前面的情况相反,从而引出后文的虚拟语气。,*,My parents lent me the money.,Otherwise,I couldnt have afforded the trip.,(3),虚拟条件通过,but,暗示出来,结构为“虚拟情况,+but+,真实情况”。,*,I would have taken part in the sports meeting,but,I was ill that day.,二、目的状语从句中虚拟语气的用法,for fear that/in case+,从句,:,从句谓语用,should+,动词原形,意为“以防,万一”。,*,We got up early for fear that we,should,miss the early bus.,三、方式状语从句中虚拟语气的用法,as if/as though+,从句,:(1),与现在事实相反,从句用一般过去时,;(2),与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时,;(3),与将来事实相反,从句谓语用,would/could/might+,动词原形。,*,She speaks English,as if/as though,she were a native of New York.,考点,2,虚拟语气用于其他从句中,【,考题小练,】,1.My father suggests that I _(take),enough sleep before the final examination.,2.My husband is always talking about the economy,and stocks,but Id rather he _(focus)more on,our childrens education.,(should)take,focused,【,考点精讲,】,一、虚拟语气用于名词性从句中,1.,主语从句中的虚拟语气,在“,It,is+important,/necessary/natural/strange/,essential/vital/a,pity+that,.”,句型中,谓语动词用,(should+),动词原形。,*,Its vital that,we,(should)take,our safety driving along the road seriously.,2.,宾语从句中的虚拟语气,(1),在,would rather(that),后的宾语从句中,从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作,从句用一般过去时,;,如果表示过去发生的动作,从句用过去完成时。,*,I,d,rather,he,had gone,to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.,(2),表示“建议命令,要求”等意义时,宾语从句用“,(should+),动词原形”。坚持,:insist;,命令,:order,command;,建议,:advise,suggest,propose,recommend;,要求,:request,require,demand,ask,。,*,He,suggested,that we,(should)start,off early the next day.,【,点津,】,suggest,意为“表明,暗示”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。,*,The smile on his face,suggested,that he,was,satisfied with our work.,insist,意为“坚持说”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。,*,The man,insisted,that he,had never stolen,money.,(3)wish,后宾语从句中的虚拟语气,虚拟语气,从句谓语动词,与现在事实相反,过去式,(be,动词一般用,were),与过去事实相反,had+,过去分词,与将来事实相反,would/could/might+,动词原形,*I,wish,(that)I,were,a bird and,could,fly freely in the sky.,*I,wish,(that)I,had,met,that scientist yesterday.,二、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气,(1),在,suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice,等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。谓语动词构成是“,(should+),动词原形”。,*,He gave,orders,that the guests,(should)be,hospitably entertained.,(2)as if,as though,引导的表语从句常用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反用一般过去时,;,与过去事实相反用过去完成时。,*,She looks,as if,nothing,had happened,to her.,【,点津,】,如果从句中描述的事情可能会发生,那么从句可用陈述语气。,*,It sounds,as if,it,is raining,.,三、定语从句中的虚拟语气,Its(about/high),time+that,从句,(,从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用过去式或,should+,动词原形,should,不能省略,),意为“某人该做某事了”。,*,It is high time that we,should start,out.,【,题组训练,】,1.If you _(be)one minute late for work,would,you resign?,2.(2019,鞍山模拟,)If she _(lose)her precious,belongings,she could have lost something far more,importanther life!,were,hadnt lost,3.I wish I _(have)a chance to talk with you,about my writing before you left.,4.He talked as if he _(pass)the College,Entrance Exam.,5.Its high time that we _(devote),ourselves to working hard.,世纪金榜导学号,had had,had passed,devoted/should devote,.,语法填空解题技法,【,高考试水区,】,1.(2018,江苏高考,)Its strange that he _ have,taken the books without the owners permission.,should,2.(2018,江苏高考,)There is a good social life in the,village,and I wish I _(have)a second chance to,become more involved.,3.(2018,北京高考,)In todays information age,the loss,of data _ cause serious problems for a company.,had,can,4.(2018,北京高考,)They might have found a better,hotel if they _(drive)a few more,kilometers.,had driven,【,微技能点拨,】,1.,若句中谓语动词为原形,在其前设纯空格题时,注意考虑情态动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填入恰当的情态动词,;,2.,一旦判断所给动词在句中作谓语,就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。注意虚拟语气中的时态,除了,if,虚拟条件句,还应注意虚拟语气的标志词,如,suggest,would rather,as if,wish,otherwise,or,but for,等。,.,短文改错解题技法,【,高考试水区,】,1.(2018,全国卷,)As a kid,I loved to watch cartoons,but no matter how many times I asked to watch them,my parents would not to let me.(),去掉,not,后面的,to,2.(2016,全国卷,)Some classmates suggest we can go,to places of interest nearby.(),3.(2015,四川高考,)If you are me,would you talk to,them?(),canshould,或去掉,can,arewere,【,微技能点拨,】,做此类改错题时,需要注意以下两个方面,:,1.,看句中情态动词是否运用正确,;,2.,看是否考查虚拟语气。若是考查虚拟语气,注意分清主句与从句中的时态关系以及不同句式中的虚拟语气构成形式。,