阴阳五行(1).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,阴阳五行,Yin-yang and the Five Elements,comes from,Chinese ancient labor people,long-term production and living practice,，,observation of natural phenomena.,they observe,the sun,the moon,day and,night,four,seasons,corresponding climate changes in the turn,these changes,impact on,the human living,animals and plants,agricultural production,.,From their experience,They find the nature rule,the interaction rule between,the nature and human body,they summed up these rules,yin-yang and five elements theory,as the law of nature,阴 阳,Yin-yang,The theory of yin-yang,originated in antiquity in China.,dealing with,the origination of the universe,the motion and variation of all things in the natural world.,holds,interaction of yin and yang,promote,the material world conceives,develops,constantly varies,Ex:,In Nature,Spring,Summer,Fall,Winter,，,Four Seasons Climate,，,through,Alternating cold and heat,Changes of yin and yang,promote,the whole process of,Germination,growth,maturity,withering,of Animals,plants,crops,in ancient China,The Philosophers and doctors,use the theory of yin-rang,explained,all the Phenomena,the nature of the universe,life,Regarded,yinyang,the opposition,the wane and wax,the variation,as the law of the universe.,Acient,people believe,the original state of the universe was,qi,the motion and variation of,qi,produces two po1es yin and yang.,the motion and variation of yin and yang,produce all the things,everything have yin and yang property,such as,the heaven and the earth,upper and lower,the day and the night,cold and heat,the water and,fire,man,and woman,1.,The implication of yin-yang,The original meaning,simple and specific,referring to,the sides facing the sun yang sunshine,the sides opposite to the sun yin shadow,Later,specific things,related to yin and yang were abstracted to,induce a series of properties,in the light of yin and yang.,yin and yang properties:,warm,bright,active,rising and dispersing,yang;,cold,dim,static,descending and astringing,yin.,In this way,yin and yang,two special signifiers,gradua1ly evolved into,a theory of extensive application.,Consequently,the implication of yin and yang was extended.,The original meaning,yang,means,sunshine,yin,means,shadow,The extended,meaning(application),Alternating sun and the moon,Reciprocating summer and winter,the day and the night,the water and fire,the cold and heat,2.The categorization of things attributes,according to,yin,and,yang,Warm,Bright,Active,Rising,yang,property,Dispersing,Moving,Visible,Functional,Cold,Dim,Static,Descending,Downward,Inside,yin,property,Interior,Astringing,Stable,Invisible,Substantial,Yin and yang,can stand for opposite things or phenomena,also can be used to analyze two opposite aspects within one thing.,Note:,yin,and,yang,properties are relative:,not absolute,(1)one thing yin/yang general property may vary with the change of time and application.,e.g.Spring summer spring winter,cold hot warm cold,yin yang yang yin,(2)one thing intrinsic specific aspect,yin,/,yang,property,can be further and infinitely divided,e.g.day night,yang yin,in the morning,yang(yang,in,yang),in the afternoon,yin(yin,in,yang,),anterior night,yin(yin,in yin),posterior night,yang(yang,in yin),3.Interaction between,yin,and,yang,(1)Opposition of,yin,and,yang,mutual repel and restrain,yin yang,maintain general equilibrium of things,In nature every thing,have mutual repel and restrain modulation mechanism.,e.g.,Four season auto change,Maintain Weather general equilibrium,Summer,Summer,Solstice,hotest,Spring,repel,restrain,cool cold,Autumn winter,Yin mutual repel and restrain yang,one side weak,the other side strong,the strong side restrain the weak side,consequently,damaging the general balance of things.,“,contrary treatment”,according the opposition between yin and yang.,e.g.,treat cold disease,with drugs hot in nature,use heat(,yang,)to control,cold(,yin,);,treat febrile disease,with drugs cold in nature,use cold(,yin,)to restrict,heat(,yang,),(2)Interdependence between,yin,and,yang,yin and yang,rooting in each other,depend on each other,for existence in an object.,In conception,yin and yang must exist in pair,no side can exist solitarily.,In nature,yin and yang,within,an object,can,transform into each other,under certain condition,implying,no one can exist without the existence of the other.,solitary Yang cannot exist,solitary yin cannot grow“,functional activity,yang,nourishing substances,yin,Interdependent each other to,Maitain,normal human body,life,couldnt,exist solitary.,The food/water,through,visecera,function activity,transform into,nourishing substances.,The,nourishing substances,through absorbed by,visecera,active,transform into,visecera,function.,e.g.,If the intestines and other organs,do not take normal function,nourishing substance,cannot be transformed and absorbed.,If over a long period nourishing substance,are not provided,the organs cease to take normal function.,(3)Wax and wane,between,yin,and,yang,one side is developing,the other side is declining,Under normal condition,wane and wax between yin and yang,maintain to a certain degree.,Alternation and repetition of wane and wax maintain a dynamic balance between yin and yang.,warm hot,winter spring summer,yang,waxes,yang,waxes,yin,wanes,yin,wanes,cool cold,summer autumn winter,yin,waxes,yin,waxes,yang,wanes,yang,wanes,In this process,Summer yang wax,To a certain degree,extrem,point summer solstice,Yin begin to repel/retrain yang,Yin begin to,wax,yang,begin to wane,Climate come into autumn,Wane certain degree wax,wane and wax,between yin and yang,exceeds the normal level/certain degree,yin-yang can not repel/restrain each other,relative predominance,or relative decline of either yin or yang,consequently damaging the dynamic balance,between yin and yang,disease,(4)Mutual transformation between,yin,and,yang,Different with,the former transform into each other,in“interdependence,btween,yin-yang.”,The former,One things intrinsic two aspects,yin-yang transform each other,Like substance and function transform each other,The later,One things general yin/yang property,transform from yin to yang,from yang to yin.,One things general yin/yang property,Mainly depend on,its intrinsic relative predominance yin/yang.,Spring and summer yang,the relative predominance is yang.,Autumn and winter yin,the relative predominance is yin,If,One things intrinsic relative,prodominance,yin/yang,change/transformed to the opposite,This things general property,Corresponding change/transformed,general,Warm and hot,Spring and summer yang,Intrinsic yang waxes,yin wanes,extreme,the peak-the Summer Solstice,Intrinsic yin begins to wax,yang starts to wane,cool and cold,autumn and winter yin,general,The season general yang-hot transform to yin-cold.,(based from the earth run around the sun.),In nature or in disease:,“extreme cold generates heat”,“extreme heat generates cold”,“excessive yin turns into yang”,“excessive yang changes into yin”,Balance of Yin-Yang,Opposition,Interdependence,mingle,alternate.intersect,Wax and wane each other,Mutual transformation,This four interaction between yin and yang,are simultaneity exist to,maitain,the dynamic balance of yin-yang.,Opposition,Interdependence,Base for,Wax and wane,Mutual transformation,only,Under normal mutual repel and restrain,modulation mechanism,Wax and wane,Mutual transformation within a certain degree,maitain,dynamic balance state of yin-yang,Wax and wane,exceed a certain degree,Yin-yang can not mutual repel and restrain each other,Break dynamic balance state of yin-yang,.,disaster disease,Application of the theory of,yin,-,yang,in TCM,(1)Explanation of,the histological structure,of the human body,The human body belong to nature,Also deprived from the interaction between yin-yang,Human body,also have the yin-yang property,either from intrinsic or from general.,Intrinsic,the human body is an organic whole,all the tissues and organs in the body,depend on each other in function.,Such an interdependence,between these tissues and organs,can also be explained,according to the theory of yin and yang.,in the human body,the upper part,the exterior,yang,the back,the lateral sides of the four limbs,the lower part,the interior,yin,the abdomen,the medial sides of the four limbs,the internal organs of the human body,heart,the five liver,zang,-organs spleen,yin,lung,kidney,general character:,store essence,never discharge,the gall bladder,the six stomach,fu-organs small intestine,yang,large intestine,urinary bladder,triple energizer,general character:,transport and transform food,never store,Among the five,zang,-organs,the heart,the lung in the chest yang,the liver,the spleen,and the kidney in the abdomen yin,heart-yin kidney-yin,heart-yang kidney-yang,(2)Explanation of the relationship,between structure and function,substance,The histological structure of the body,the viscera,the meridians,yin(substance,),qi,blood,body fluid,their physiological functions,yangfunction,).,intrinsical,relationship,interdependence,various functional activities,need/consume,qi,blood and body fluid/nutrients.,qi,blood and body fluid/nutrients,generation,transformation,metabolism,rely on viscera functional activities,consume certain amount of energy.,these process,accompanied by,mutual transformation of yin and yang,in this series of physiological process,maintain,the balance between yin and yang,substances and functions,normal state of life.,(3)Explanation of pathogenesis,balance between yin and yang in the body,damaged,leads to various diseases,1)Relative predominance of yin or yang,excessive increase of yin or yang,Relative predominance of yang,excess-heat syndrome,consumption of yin-fluid,“predominance of yang leading to disease of yin.”,Relative predominance of yin,excess-cold syndrome,impair yang-,qi,in the body,“predominance of yin leading to disease of yang”,2)Relative decline of yin or yang,yin or yang relative decline below the normal level,Relative decline of yang,deficiency-cold syndrome,insufficiency of yang-,qi,fails to restrain yin-cold,warm the viscera.,clinical symptoms,whitish complexion,aversion to cold,spontaneous sweating,slow and weak pulse.,Relative decline of yin,deficiency-heat syndrome,insufficiency of yin-fluid,fails to restrain yang-heat,nourish the viscera.,clinical symptoms,reddish complexion,tidal fever,night sweating,thin and rapid pulse.,yin and yang,depend on and transform each other,prolonged deficiency of yin,deficiency of yang,protracted deficiency of yang,insufficiency of yin-fluid,deficiency of both yin and yang,relative decline of yin or yang,develop to,extremely serious,“loss of yin”,“loss of yang”,separation of yin and yang.death,(4)Diagnosis and syndrome differentiation,imbalance between yin and yang,occurrence,development and changes of disease,according to the theory of yin and yang,Could generalized and analyzed the nature of diseases,Diagnosis,In structure,In physiology,In pathology,Organic wholeness of the body,Meredians,connect internal and external,Internal viscera disorder/disease,manifest on external organs,in clinical diagnosis,thorough examination of,the five sensory organs,physical condition,complexion and pulse,could analyze the pathological changes of the viscera,In observation of the patients complexion:,bright-,yang,dark-,yin,In listening:,loud and clear voice-,yang,low and weak voice-,yin,In inquiring:,fever,thirsty,constipation,yang,aversion to cold,no thirsty,loose stools,yin,In pulse feeling:,floating,rapid,large,slippery,full,yang,deep,slow,small,rough,empty,yin,syndrome differentiation,In clinic,syndrom,differentiation of yin-yang,the most basic,the highest general differentiation.,Guidance clinic,syndrom,differentiation,yang Syndromes,external syndrome,excess Syndrome,heat syndrome,yin syndrome,internal syndrome,deficiency syndrome,cold syndrome,syndrome differentiation with eight Principles,Yin-yang differentiate,syndrom,Also used to differentiate visceral syndromes,heart-yin deficiency,kidney-yin deficiency,heart-yang deficiency,kidney-yang deficiency,spleen-yang deficiency,liver-yin deficiency.,(5)Guiding clinical treatment,Deciding the therapeutic principles,in clinic,due to exuberance of pathogenic yin or yang factors,relative predominance of,yin,and,yang,Therapeutic principles,excess should be reduced:,excess-heat syndrome clear away heat treatment,nourishing yin,excess-cold syndrome eliminating cold treatment,tonifying,yang,since,relative predominance of yin and yang,Further development,yang-heat consume yin-fluid,yin-cold impair yang-,qi,So when,eliminate pathogenic factors,should in combination with,deficiency-supplementing therapy,relative decline of,yin,and,yang,insufficiency of the healthy,qi,Therapeutic principle,deficiency should be supplemented,relative decline of yang,deficiency-cold syndrome-nourishing,yang,treatment,relative decline of yin,deficiency-heat syndrome-nourishing,yin,treatment,Further development of relative decline,yin,and,yang,deficiency of,yin,deficiency of,yang,deficiency of both,yin,and,yang,nourishing both,yin,and,yang,Generalization of properties of drugs,the four properties:,hot,warm yang cold syndrome,cold,cool yin heat syndrome,the five flavors:,acrid flavor disperses,sweet flavor nourishes yang,bland flavor oozes,Sour flavor astringes,bitter flavor purges yin,salty flavor moistens,the four acting tendencies:,ascend,disperse yang,descend,tranquilize yin,Drugs with,diferent,property,flavor,acting,tendency,Have,diferent,function.,when,relative predominance or decline of,yin and yang is clearly differentiated,correct therapeutic principles are decided,according to drugs properties,select proper drugs to use treat,treat cold,syndrom,with drugs hot in nature,use,heat(,yang,)to control,cold(,yin,);,treat febrile disease/heat,syndrom,with drugs cold in nature,use,cold(,yin,)to restrict,heat(,yang,),五 行,Wuxing,(the five elements),This theory,same as yin-yang theory,also used to,explain and analyze things and their changes,in the natural world,Relationship,between yin-yang and five-element,Yin-yang interaction movement,Produce five-elements,In five-elements have yin-yang,wood,fire,yang,earth,divide yin ,yang,metal and water yin,1 The implication of the five elements and the categorization of things according to the theory of the five elements,The,acient,people believe,wood,fire,earth,metal and water,indispensable to daily life and productive labor,key to the normal variations in the natural world.,people drink water,use fire to cook food;,metal and wood can be made into various tools;,earth ensures the growth of all things.,The five elements,interrelated and influence each other.,（,1,）,Implication of the five elements,“,wu,”,：,five categories of things in the natural wor1d,namely:,wood,fire,earth,metal and water;,“,xing,”,：,means movement and transformation.,(property and function),“,wuxing,”(the five elements),：,the movement and transformation of,these five elements,t