模块ⅢUnit3语法.ppt

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,菜 单,高考新课标大一轮总复习英语,(,译林版,),本小节结束,请按,ESC,键返回,状语从句,状语从句类型及其从属连词,典句例示,用法点击,时间状语从句,(,通常用现在时表示将来的意义,),when,When I got home,，,my families were already having dinner.,They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.,He walks when he might take a taxi.,1.,从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。,2.when,作并列连词，意为,“,那时，这时,”,；还可表示原因，意为,“,既然,”,，引导原因状语从句。,while,Please don t talk so loud while others are working.,She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper.,While I understand what you say,，,I cant agree with you.,1.,从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，强调一段时间，从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。,2.while,作并列连词，意为,“,而，却,”,，表示对比，还可表示,“,尽管,”,，引导让步状语从句。,状语从句类型及其从属连词,典句例示,用法点击,时间状语从句,(,通常用现在时表示将来的意义,),as,We listened to the singer sing as he played the guitar.,从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，从句谓语一般为延续性动词。,till,和,until,Ill stay here till/until the rain stops.,He didnt go home till/until he finished his homework.,Not until he pointed it out did I realize my mistake.,It was not until dark that we began to go home.,Until you told me I had no idea of it.,1.,当,till,/until,所在句子的主句和从句都用肯定式时，主句的动词为延续性动词，此时,till/,until,意为,“,一直到,为止,”,。如主句用否定形式，从句用肯定形式，此时主句的动词为非延续性动词，构成,not.till/until,结构，意为,“,直到,才,”,。,2.not until置于句首时主句要倒装。,3.,强调句型中多用,until,。且对,not.until,句式中,until,引导的从句进行强调时，要将,not,与,until,放在一起进行强调。,4.till,不可以置于句首，而,until,可以。,状语从句类型及其从属连词,典句例示,用法点击,时间状语从句,(,通常用现在时表示将来的意义,),before,和,since,We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.,We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.,Please write it down before you forget it.,Before I could get in a word,，,he had measured me.,It will be half a year before I come back.,I have written home four times since I came here.,I havent heard from him since he lived here.,1.before,本意为,“,在,之前,”,，还可引申为,“,还未,就,；不到,就,；,才,；还没来得及,”,。,2.It will be,一段时间,before.,译作,多久之后才,”,。,3.since,意为,“,自从,时,”,，主句用完成时。,since,引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的是自从句谓语动作算起；若用延续性动词或状态动词，所表示的就是自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。,状语从句类型及其从属连词,典句例示,用法点击,时间状语从句,(,通常用现在时表示将来的意义,),as soon as,；,immediately,；,directly,；,the moment,/minute,；,no sooner.than.,；,hardly/,scarcely.when.,The moment I saw it,，,I fell in love with it.,He rushed upstairs immediately he heard a loud noise.,No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.,1.,这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译作,“,一,就,”,。,2.no sooner,与,hardly,/scarcely,引导的主句谓语动词应用过去完成时，而,than,与,when,从句中谓语应用一般过去时。此外，当把,no sooner,和,hardly/,scarcely,提到句首时，应用倒装语序。,the first time,；,every time,，,by the time,；,any time,The first time I saw him,，,he was a schoolteacher.,By the time he arrived at the airport,，,the plan had taken off.,by the time,引导时间状语从句时，主句一般用将来完成时或过去完成时。,状语从句类型及其从属连词,典句例示,用法点击,地点状语从句,where,；,wherever,You should go where the Party needs us most.,Where there is a will,，,there is a way.,Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.(,地点状语从句,),Make a mark at the place where you have any doubts or questions.(,定语从句,),1.,引导地点状语从句的从属连词,where,，,wherever,指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后；表示抽象条件的含义时，从句须放在主句之前。,2.,注意区分,where,引导的地点状语从句与定语从句。,where,引导的定语从句前面必须有一个表示地点的名词作先行词状语从句类型及其从属连词,典句例示,用法点击,原因状语从句,because,；,since,；,as,；,for,；,now(that,),；,seeing(that,),；,considering(that,),He was punished only because he broke the law.,She got the job because she was the best candidate.,Since,/As/,Now that everybody is here,，,lets begin our discussion.,He must be ill,，,for he is absent today.,He finished his task very well,，,considering that it was quite difficult.,1.because,，,as,，,since/now that,为从属连词，引导原因状语从句。,because,表示直接原因和理由，语气最强，回答,why,引导的问句，用于,it is.that,强调结构，可用,just,，,only,，,merely,，,simply,，,chiefly,，,mainly,等词修饰；,since,now that,表示不言而喻的原因，语气较,because,弱，比,as,强；,as表示理由显而易见，多前置，语气较弱。,2.for,并列连词，表示推测或判断的理由，不能位于句首。,状语从句类型及其从属连词,典句例示,用法点击,条件状语从句,if,；,unless,；,so/as long as,；,once,；,in case,；,on condition that,；,supposing,；,suppose(that),；,provided(that,),；,providing(that),Youll be late again unless you hurry.,I will do it on condition that you help me.,In case there is a fire,，,what will we do first,？,You can go out as long as you promise to be back before 8 oclock.,Suppose/Supposing(that)your father saw you now,，,what would you say,？,在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。,状语从句类型及其从属连词,典句例示,用法点击,目的状语从句,so that,；,in order that,；,for fear that,；,in case,；,lestSpeak louder so that/in order that the people in the hall can hear you.,Take your umbrella in case it should rain.,He emphasized it again and again,，,lest she should forget.,1.so that/in order that,引导的状语从句中需用情态动词,can,，,could,等。,2.in order that,引导的从句可位于主句前或后，,so that,引导的从句只能位于主句之后。,3.lest,“,以防，以免,”,所引导的目的状语从句谓语动词一般用虚拟语气，即,(should),动词原形；,for fear that(,惟恐，以防,),与,in case,所引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词有时也用,(should,/might/,could),动词原形。,状语从句类型及其从属连词,典句例示,用法点击,结果状语从句,so that,；,so.that,；,such.that,He didnt plan his time well,，,so that he didnt finish the work in time.,He drove so carelessly that he almost lost his life.,Jack is so honest a worker that we all believe him.,Jack is such an honest worker that we all believe him.,He got so little money that his family had to live on welfare.,So fast did he walk that none of us was his equal.,1.so that,引导结果状语从句时，一般不用情态动词,can,，,could,等。,2.,在,so.that.,结构中，,so,是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词；而,such.that.,结构中，,such,是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组。但,so,还可以与表示数量的,many,，,few,，,much,，,little,连用，形成固定搭配。,3.,当,so,或,such,置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。,状语从句类型及其从属连词,典句例示,用法点击,让步状语从句,although,；,though,；,as,；,even if/though,；,whether.or(not).,；,while,；疑问词,ever/no matter,疑问词,Although/Though she works very hard,，,(yet)she makes very slow progress.,Child as he is,，,he knows a lot.,Ive a bit of,cold.It,is nothing much,，,though.,Even if I were busy,，,I would go.,Whether you believe it or not,it is true.,You can take whatever you like.(,宾语从句,),Dont trust him,，,no matter what/whatever he says.(,让步状语从句,),1.although,与,though引导的让步状语从句，不能与,but,连用，但可以与,yet,，,still,，,nevertheless,连用。,2.although,引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序，,though,在引导让步状语从句时可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；,as,引导让步状语从句须用倒装，句型为：,adj,.,/,adv,./,n,.(,一般不带冠词,)/,v,.(,原形,),as,主语谓语。,3.though,还可作副词单独置于句末，意为,“,但是，可是，不过,”,。,4.even if/though,从句中可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。,5.whoever,，,whatever,，,whomever,，,whichever,还可以引导名词性从句。,状语从句类型及其从属连词,典句例示,用法点击,方式状语从句,as if/though,，,as,They completely ignore these facts as if/though they never existed.,He looks as if/though he had been hit by lightning.,You must do as the teacher tells you.,1.as if/though,从句中若与事实相反，用虚拟语气，否则用陈述语气。,2.as if/though,还可引导表语从句。,比较状语从句,as.,as,.,；,than,；,the same as,He worked as fast as a skilled worker.,It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.,Your watch is not the same as mine.,【,温馨提示,】,在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句主语一致或从句的主语为,it,而且从句的谓语动词又包含,be,时，就可以省略从句中的,“,主语,be,”,部分，构成下列结构：,1,连词分词,2.,连词形容词,3.,连词介词短语,4.,连词不定式,Dont speak until spoken to.,Look out while crossing the street.,Though cold,，,he still wore a shirt.,Come tomorrow if possible.,While in Beijing paid a visit to the Great Wall.,He cleared his throat as if to say something.,1,(2010,全国,卷,),Mary made coffee_ her guests were finishing their meal.,A,so that,B,although,C,while D,as if,【,解析,】,句意：客人们就要吃完饭的时候，玛丽去煮咖啡了。,so that,以便，为了，用来引导目的状语从句或结果状语从句；,although,虽然，尽管，用来引导让步状语从句；,while,在,期间，当,的时候，用来引导时间状语从句；,然而，而,(,but),，表示对比；,as if(,as though),仿佛，好像，用来引导方式状语从句。由句意可知,C,项正确。,【,答案,】,C,2,(2010,全国,卷,),The little boy wont go to sleep_ his mother tells him a story.,A,or B,unless,C,but D,whether,【,解析,】,句意：除非妈妈给他讲故事，否则小男孩就不去睡觉。,or,或者，否则；,unless,除非；,but,但，除,之外；,whether,是否。根据语境可知，这里用,unless,表示条件，意思,“,除非,否则,”,。,【,答案,】,B,3,(2010,山东高考,),The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day,，,_accompanied by an adult.,A,once B,when,C,if D,unless,【,解析,】,句意：学校制度规定：在白天，除非有大人陪同，否则不允许孩子走出校园。根据句意应选,D,项。,【,答案,】,D,4,(2010,上海高考,),_ you may have,，,you should gather your courage to face the challenge.,A,However a serious problem,B,What a serious problem,C,However serious a problem,D,What serious a problem,【,解析,】,句意：不论你的问题有多严重，你都应该鼓起勇气，接受挑战。分析题干可知逗号前是让步状语从句，,what,不能用来引导状语从句，所以排除,B,、,D,两项；,however,adj,.,a,/an,单数名词,whatever,a/,an,adj,.,单数名词，故,C,项正确。,【,答案,】,C,5,(2010,上海高考,),_ our manager objects to Toms joining the club,，,we shall accept him as a member.,A,Until B,Unless,C,If D,After,【,解析,】,句意：我们愿意接收汤姆为我们的成员，除非经理反对他加入本俱乐部。选项中的四个词都可以连接从句，但此处存在条件关系，故排除,A(,直到,),和,D(,在,之后,),，而语境存在否定条件，故排除,C(,如果,),。,【,答案,】,B,6,(2010,北京高考,),_ they decide which college to go to,，,students should research the admission procedures.,A,As B,While,C,Until D,Once,【,解析,】,句意：一旦学生们决定了要上哪所大学，他们就应该研究申请此大学的程序了。,as,当,时，由于；,while,当,时，尽管；,until,直到；,once,一旦。根据句意选,D,项。,【,答案,】,D7,(2010,大同模拟,),Tom thinks it wont be long _he can finish his work.,A,when B,after,C,before D,since,【,解析,】,句意：汤姆认为不久他就能完成工作。本题考查句式,“,It wont be long before.,”,，表示,“,过不了多久就,”,。,【,答案,】,C,8,(2010,江西高考,),Our holiday cost a lot of money.,Did it?Well,，,that doesnt matter_ you enjoyed yourselves.,A,as long as B,unless,C,as soon as D,though,【,解析,】,根据答语意义,“,只要你们玩得高兴就行,”,应使用,as long as(,只要,),；,unless,除非；,as soon as,一,就；,though,尽管，虽然。,【,答案,】,A,9,(2010,福建高考,),The girl had hardly rung the bell_ the door was opened suddenly,，,and her friend rushed out to greet her.,A,before B,until,C,as D,since,【,解析,】,句意：这个女孩刚一按门铃，门就突然打开了，她的朋友冲出来迎接她。本题考查固定句型,“,hardly.when/before.,”,，意为,“,一,就,”,。,【,答案,】,A,10,(2010,安徽高考,),The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities,，,_they have the interest.,A,wherever B,whenever,C,even if D,as if,【,解析,】,句意：工程师们如此忙碌，以至于没时间做户外活动，即使他们对做户外活动很感兴趣。由句意使用,even if(,即使,),，引导让步状语从句；,wherever,无论什么地方；,whenever,无论什么时候；,as if,好像。,【,答案,】,C,11,(2010,安徽高考,),Just use this room for the time being,，,and well offer you a larger one _it becomes available.,A,as soon as B,unless,C,as far as D,until,【,解析,】,句意：暂用这个房间吧，一有可能，我们就会马上给你提供一个大点的房子。由句意使用,as soon as(,一,就,),，引导时间状语从句。,unless,除非；,as far as,远到，至于；,until,直到。,【,答案,】,A,12,(2010,辽宁高考,),The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _he wanted to sit next to his wife.,A,although B,unless,C,because D,if,【,解析,】,句意：那位老人请,Lucy,换坐另一个椅子，因为他想挨着他妻子坐。由句意分析前后为因果关系，所以选,because,。,【,答案,】,C,13,(2010,湖南高考,),Tim is in good shape physically _he doesnt get much exercise.,A,if B,even though,C,unless D,as long as,【,解析,】,句意：尽管,Tim,进行的锻炼不多，但他的体型很好。,if,如果，引导条件状语从句；,even though,even if,即使，引导让步状语从句；,unless,如果不，除非，引导条件状语从句；,as long as,只要，引导条件状语从句。根据句意可知，答案为,B,项。,【,答案,】,B,14,(2010,重庆高考,),Today,，,we will begin _we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.,A,when B,where,C,how D,what,【,解析,】,句意：今天，我们将从昨天停下的地方开始讲解，目的是为了不漏掉要点。首先排除,what,，,what,不能引导状语从句；,when,引导时间状语从句；,how,引导方式状语从句。由句意可知应使用,where,引导地点状语从句。,【,答案,】,B,15,(2010,全国,卷,),Tom was about to close the window _ his attention was caught by a bird.,A,when B,if,C,and D,till,【,解析,】,句意：汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。在句式,“,.be about to do when.,”,中，,when,作并列连词，相当于,and at that time,，句中,was about to do,为标志词，故答案为,A,项。,【,答案,】,A,