Shakespeare[1].ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,W.Shakespeare,威廉,莎士比亚,dramatist,man of theatre,and poet,He was,born on,23 April,1564 and,died on,23 April,1616.,His birthday is traditionally celebrated on 23,April,which is the date of his death.,Comments by the Contemporaries,1.Edmond Spenser,Robert Greene,The rise and success of“an upstart crow,”(,用美丽的羽毛装饰起来的狂妄自大的乌鸦,),2.Francis,Meres,:one of the leading figures of the time and“the most excellent”in both comedy and tragedy,Comments by the Contemporaries,A handsome,well-shaped man,very good company,（同伴，朋友）,and of a very ready,（敏捷的）,and pleasant smooth,（平和的）,wit,（大智）,The“gentle,（文雅的）,Shakespeare”,“gentle Will”,William Shakespeare,No one has ever excelled Shakespeare in the writing of dramatic poetry,no one has challenged his mastery of dramatic form,his depth of characterization,his versatility in plot,theme and expression.,-G.L.Evans,One of the most remarkable playwrights and poets in the world.,His greatness depends on his penetrating exposition of human nature,lively paintings of human life and truthful reflections of human reality.,He is famous for his,character portrayal and plot construction,.,He is a,master of English language.,He exerts a great influence on the writers after him.,Literary periods,Period,Works,Characteristics,The first period,Historical plays and comedies,Optimistic,atmosphere,apprenticeship,(,学徒期）,The second period,Great tragedies and mature historical plays,Highly,individualized style,and approach,The third period,Great tragedies,Heavy,tragic note,and reflection of social unrest,The fourth period,Romantic tragicomedies,Optimistic faith,in the future of humanity,Representative works,History,:,Henry IV(1-2),The Great Comedies,Mid-summer Nights Dream,仲夏夜之梦,The Merchant of Venice,威尼斯商人,As You Like It,皆大欢喜,Twelfth Night,十二夜,The Great Tragedies:,Hamlet,哈姆雷特,Othello,奥赛罗,King Lear,李尔王,MacBeth,麦克白,Hamlet,Hamlet as a Character,-prince of Denmark and heir to the throne-a university student with the most progressive ideal of humanism,His praise of man and human nature is a manifestation against the supernatural power/divinity(,scene ii,act 2,);,He is well aware of the evil of the time and enlists all kinds of social injustice and evils in the society.In his,monologue,he enlists all kinds of social injustice and evils in the society.,Main Characters,Prince Hamlet,the title character,is the son of the late King of Denmark,who was also named Hamlet.He is a student at a school in,Wittenburg,.He is charged by the ghost of his father to avenge his murder,which he finally succeeds in doing,but he himself has been mortally ed with a poisoned rapier(,短剑）,by,Laertes,.,Claudius,is,the current King of Denmark,Hamlets uncle,who succeeded to the throne upon the death of his brother.Claudius is killed with a poisoned rapier by Hamlet.,King Hamlet,(referred to in the stage directions as Ghost)was,Hamlets father,.At the start of the play,he is not long dead.He appears to Hamlet as a ghost and urges him to avenge his murder.King Hamlet was killed by poison emptied into one of his ears.,Main Characters,Gertrude,is Hamlets mother,the widow of King Hamlet who became the wife of Claudius,a relationship considered,incestuous,in Shakespeares time.She dies by accidentally drinking poisoned wine intended for Hamlet.,Ophelia,is Polonius daughter,.She and Hamlet have had romantic feelings for each other,although they(at least implicitly)have been warned that it would be politically inexpedient(,不适当的）,for them to marry.,she drowns herself in a brook,(,小溪）,.,Laertes,is Poloniuss son,who deeply cares for Ophelia,his sister,and spends much of the play in France.he kills Hamlet with a poisoned rapier to avenge the deaths of Polonius and Ophelia.Hamlet kills him with the same rapier,although at the time Hamlet did not,realise,it was poisoned.,The Story:,Act I,:,Horatio and two others are on watch at the castle of,Elsinore,.They see an,apparition,resembling the late King of Denmark.The specter cannot be persuaded to speak.It vanishes at cockcrow.Hamlet grieves over his mothers speedy re-marriage.He is told of the ghost.The ghost leads Hamlet away,tells him how he was murdered,and asks him to revenge.,III.The Story:,Act II,:,Polonius directs someone to look into his sons private life.Ophelia comes and reports about Hamlets symptoms of madness.Polonius decides that Hamlet is mad for love of Ophelia and hurries her off to report the matter to the King.Claudius and Gertrude ask Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to observe Hamlet and determine the cause of his“,antic disposition,.”Hamlet suspects that R and G are Claudius spies.He arranges for a company of players to perform,The Murder of,Gonzago,.,III.The Story:,Act III,:,Ophelia walks where Hamlet will see her.Hamlet enters,greets Ophelia,but then rails against women.He insults Polonius and urges Ophelia to enter a nunnery,（修道院）,.Hamlet instructs the players and sets Horatio to watch the Kings reaction to the play.He himself sits by Ophelia and jests with her.Claudius leaves during a pantomime.,（哑剧）,He faces Gertrude in her chamber.His wild manner makes her cry out for safety,and her outcry makes the eavesdropping Polonius call for help.,Hamlet kills Polonius,with a thrust through the arras.,（挂毯）,Claudius gives orders that Hamlet be sent to England.,III.The Story:,Act IV,:,The Queen hears of Ophelias distracted behavior.,Laertes,has heard of his fathers death and has come back for revenge.The King calms,Laertes,.,Claudius and,Laertes,plan to kill Hamlet in a fencing,(,击剑）,match by a poisoned rapier and a poisoned drink.,Gertrude comes to report the drowning of Ophelia.,III.The Story:,Act V:,Hamlet and Horatio come upon two rustics digging a grave.A funeral party enters and Hamlet discovers that the corpse is that of Ophelia.The fencing match starts.Hamlet scores two hits.Gertrude drinks to his health from the poisoned cup.,Laertes,pricks Hamlet with the poisoned rapier.Their weapons are exchanged and,Laertes,is fatally wounded.,Gertrude dies,.,Hamlet leaps at Claudius and runs him through,.Finally Hamlet insists that Horatio live on to tell the whole story,.,Famous Lines:,“Frailty,thy name is woman.”,-Hamlet in soliloquy,“,What a piece of work is a man,how noble in reason,how infinite in faculties,in form and moving how express and admirable,in action how like an angel,in apprehension how like a god:the beauty of the world,the paragon,（模范）,of animalsand yet,to me,what is this quintessence of dust?”man delights not,me:no,nor woman neither,though by your smiling,you seem to say so.,-Hamlet to R and G,Famous Lines:,To be,or not to be:that is the question:Whether tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them?To die:to sleep;No more;and by a sleep to say we endThe heart-ache and the thousand natural shocksThat flesh is heir to,tis a consummationDevoutly to be,wishd,.To die,to sleep;To sleep:perchance to dream:ay,theres the rub;For in that sleep of death what dreams may comeWhen we have shuffled off this mortal coil,Must give us pause:theres the respectThat makes calamity of so long life;For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,The oppressors wrong,the proud mans contumely,The pangs of disprized,love,the laws delay,The insolence of office and the spurnsThat patient merit of the unworthy takes,When he himself might his quietus makeWith a bare bodkin?who would,fardels,bear,To grunt and sweat under a weary life,But that the dread of something after death,The,undiscoverd,country from whose bournNo,traveller,returns,puzzles the willAnd makes us rather bear those ills we haveThan fly to others that we know not of?Thus conscience does make cowards of us all;And thus the native hue of resolutionIs,sicklied,oer with the pale cast of thought,And enterprises of great pitch and momentWith this regard their currents turn awry,And lose the name of action.,“感谢上天，今日活着的是我，痛着的也是我，如果叫荷西来忍受这一分又一分钟的长夜，那我是万万不肯的。幸好这些都没有轮到他，要是他像我这样的活下去，那么我拚了命也要跟上帝争了回来换他。”,我仍是要说,“,为了爱的缘故，这永别的苦杯，还是让我来喝下吧！”,三毛,不死鸟,论死亡,“生亦我所欲，所欲有甚于生者，故不为苟得也。”,孟子,“人固有一死，或重于泰山，或轻于鸿毛。”,司马迁,“与死亡俱来的一切，比死亡更骇人”。呻吟与痉挛，变色的面目，朋友哭泣，墨绖及葬仪，诸如此类都显得死的可怕。值得注意者，是人心内的各种感情，无论多么薄弱，没有一种是不能克服对死亡的恐怖的；既然一个人身旁有这样多的侍从，都能打败死亡，可见死亡不算是那样可怕的敌人了。,复仇之心胜过死亡；爱恋之心蔑视之；荣誉之心希冀之；忧伤之心奔赴之；恐怖之心先期之,；,培根论死亡,Discussion:,Is Hamlet mad or not mad?,What kind of man is Hamlet?,The Character of Hamlet,The weakness in his character:,ohis love and hatred for his mother(,Oedipus Complex,),o,melancholy,:not brightened up even with love,lack passion,o,hesitation,:a habit of too much thought,delayed action,idealism,The Character of Hamlet,1.Hamlet is a humanist,a man who is free from medieval prejudices and superstitions.,He has an unbounded love for the world instead of the heaven.,“大地，这一幅大好的框架，,天空，这一顶记号的华盖，,这一高悬在头顶的壮丽的苍天,”,The Character of Hamlet,2.Starting from his humanist love of man,he turns to those around him with the same eagerness.,He loves good and hates evil.,His democratic tendency is based on his humanist thought.,The Character of Hamlet,3.His intellectual genius is outstanding.He is a close observer of men and manners.,“Denmark is a prison.”,The Character of Hamlet,not a mere scholar;meditative(thoughtful);,genius;accomplished(talented);,far-reaching(,深远的，广泛的,),；,sparkling(,才华横溢的,),He is a scholar,soldier and statesman.,His image reflects the versatility,of the men of the Renaissance.,Themes of his works,The Great Comedies,He sang of their youth,love ideal of happiness,.The victory of their,humanist ideal,is inevitable,though it is to be got only after severe struggle against all obstacles.,The heroes and heroines fight against destiny itself and control and guide their own fate according to their own free will,who trust in themselves and their efforts are put a happy finishing with success.,The great spirit is optimism,.Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitudes towards love and youth,and the romantic elements are brought into full play.,Themes of his works,The Great Tragedies,In Shakespeares tragedies,he,exposes social contradictions of the time.,Each portrays some noble hero,who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation.,Each has his weakness of nature.,Themes of his works,The Mature Histories,Shakespeares histories show the horrors of civil war,the responsibility of an effective ruler,and the importance legitimate succession to the throne.,The principle idea of these plays is,the necessity for national unity,under one king.In other words,national unity is very important and necessary under a mighty and just leadership.,Shakespeares Achievements,Shakespeare is,one of the founders of realism,in world literature.,Shakespeares dramatic creation often used the method of,adaptation,.,Shakespeare was skilled in many poetic forms:the Song,the sonnet,the couplet,and the dramatic blank verse.,Shakespeare was a great,master of the English language.,