英语3级B必考(1).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语应用能力,B,级辅导,第一讲,语法与结构,虚拟语气表示说话者认为所说的事与事实相反，或其实现的可能性很小或表示建议，命令，请求等。,4.,虚拟语气,虚拟语气用于,if,引出的与现在，过去及将来事实相反的条件句中。,4.1,用于,If,引出的条件句中,a.,同现在事实相反的假设,条件状语从句的谓语动词用过去式（,be,的过去式用,were.,而主句中的谓语动词用,would(should,could,might)+,动词原形,句型,:,条件从句 主句,一般过去时,（,be were),would+,动词原形,1.If I were you,I should study English.,2.If he had time,he would attend the meeting.,3.If they were here,they would help you.,b.,同过去事实相反的假设,条件状语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时,主句的谓语动词用,would(should,could,might)+,过去分词,句型,:,条件从句 主句,过去完成时（,had done,）,would have+,过去分词,1.If you had taken my advice,you wouldnt have failed,in the examination.,2.If she had worked harder,she would have succeeded.,c.,同将来事实相反的假设,表示与将来事实相反的假设，对将来表示怀疑，或将来的动作不太可能实现时，条件状语从句和主句的谓语动词有以下形式：,句型,:,条件从句 主句,一般过去时,were+,不定式,should+,动词原形,would+,动词原形,1.If it rained tomorrow,our picnic would be put off.,2.If I were to see her tomorrow,I would tell her the truth.,3.If you should fail,what would you do?,条件状语从句省略,if,：在书面语中，如果条件状语从句的谓语中有,were,had,或,should,就可以省略,if,并将,were,had,或,should,放到句首，谓语主语之前，用“,Were/Had/Should+,主语”的形式。这种虚拟语气在意义上与带,if,的条件状语从句相同。当然，如果从句没有,were,had,或,should,就不能省略,if.,If I were to do it,I,d do it some other way.,Were I to do it,Id do it some other way.,If you had been here earlier,you would have seen him.,Had you been here earlier,you would have seen him.,但是，,If you came tomorrow,we would have the meeting.,这句话,if,就不能省略。,虚拟语气用于,wish,后的宾语从句中，表示现在，过去或将来不太可能实现的愿望。,4.2,用于,wish,后的宾语从句中,虚拟,宾语从句,表示现在未实现的愿望,一般过去时,(be were),表示过去未实现的愿望过去完成时（,had done,）,表示将来不大可能实现的愿望,Would/should+,动词原形,I wish I knew his address.,I wish I had not told him the news.,I wish I could read the novel in English.,I didnt go with them to the beach yesterday.But I do wish I_ there.,A.have been B.had been C.was D.am,B,在,It is(high)time(that),句型中，后面的从句的谓语动词常用过去式,(,be,的过去式用,were,),。这句话的意思是“（现在）该,”,4.3,用于,It is(high)time(that),句 型中,It is time we left.,It is high time that you got married.,“一个坚持,(insist),、两个命令,(order,command),、三个建议,(advice/advise,suggest,propose),、四个要求,(demand,require,request,ask)”,，这类虚拟语气由“,(should)+,动词原形,”构成，其中的,should,通常可以省略。,4.4,某些用虚拟语气的宾语从句,We suggested that we(should)have a meeting.,We insisted that they(should)go with us.,The doctor ordered that she(should)stay in bed for a few days.,使用上述表示建议、要求、命令等意思的动词派生的名词，或在这些动词用作名词时，名词之后的从句用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词用,should,动词原形，,should,可以省略。从句的引导词,that,不能省略。,He made a request that he(should)be allowed to take,3,days off.,He requested that he be allowed to take,3,days off.,上述动词在,It is suggested that,It is required that,Its requested that,Its ordered that,Its arranged that,句型中，,that,之后的从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用,should+,动词原形,should,可以省略，但引导词,that,不能省略,It was suggested that he attend the conference.,5.,在,Its important(necessary,essential,advisable)that,句型中，,that,引导的从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用,should,动词原形,should,可以省略。这个句型表示说话人的意见、要求等,It is necessary that I _,（,return,）,it right now.,should return,It is necessary that he _(send)there at once.,should be sent,练习题,1._,I would give up smoking.,A.If I were you B.If I am you C.If I was you D.If I am like you,2.It is high time we(start)_ to pay attention to such mistakes,3.Janes parents insisted that she(return)_home before nine oclock.,4.It is advised that we(sign)_ an agreement right after the discussion,A,started,should return,should sign,练习题,5.You look so tired tonight.It is time you(go)_ to bed.,6.If we had known his address,we(visit)_ him.,7.Its time you _ your homework.,A.did B.do C.to do D.will do,8.If we(leave)_ earlier,we wouldnt have missed the train.,went,would have visited,A,had left,练习题,9._ enough time to study,I would have been able to enter university.,A.Have I B.I have C.Had I D.I had,10.My suggestion is that a doctor _immediately.,A.is sent for B.be sent for C.will be sent for,D.be sent,11.It is important that we _ about the project at once.,A.will be informed B.is informed C.being informed D.be informed,C,B,D,练习题,12.If you had followed my advice,you _such a silly mistake.,A.will not have B.would not have made,C.not make D.would not make,13.Its time you _ your homework.,A.did B.do C.to do D.will do,14,.My suggestion was that the meeting _ off till next week.,A.to put B.be put C.should put D.be putting,B,A,B,练习题,15,.It is necessary that the problem _ at once.,A.solves B.should solve C.should be solved,D.will be solved,16.Had you listened to the doctor,you _ all right now.,A.are B.were C.would be D.would have been,17._ your letter,I would have written back two days ago.,A.If I received B.Should I receive,C.Had I received D.If I could have received,C,D,C,练习题,18.“Have you ever been to Beijing?”“No,but I wish I _.”,A.have B.will C.do D.had,19.If I _ you,I would try again.,A.am B.was C.were D.be,20.The chairman required that every speaker(limit)_ himself to 15 minutes,21.I didnt go with them to the beach yesterday.But I do wish I_ there.,A.have been B.had been C.was D.am,D,C,limit,B,