英语作文写作-从句.doc

一、开头句型
1.As far as ...is concerned
2.It goes without saying that...
3.It can be said with certainty that...
4.As the proverb says，
5.It has to be noticed that...
6.It`s generally recognized that...
7.It`s likely that ...
8.It`s hardly that...
9.It’s hardly too much to say that...
10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是
11.There’s no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认
12.Nothing is more important than the fact that...
13.what’s far more important is that...
二、衔接句型
A case in point is ...
As is often the case...
As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述
But the problem is not so simple. Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……
But it’s a pity that...
For all that...In spite of the fact that...
Further, we hold opinion that...
However , the difficulty lies in...
Similarly, we should pay attention to...
not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是
In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势
As has been mentioned above...
In this respect, we may as well (say) 从这个角度上我们可以说
However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is... 然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即 …
三、结尾句型
I will conclude by saying...
Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...
All things considered,总而言之
It may be safely said that...
Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable...
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….
The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….
It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论
From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好
四、举例句型
Let’s take...to illustrate this.试举例以兹证明
let’s take the above chart as an example to
illustrate this.
Here is one more example.
Take … for example.
The same is true of….
This offers a typical instance of….
We may quote a mon example of….
Just think of….
五、常用于引言段的句型
1. Some people think that …. To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below.
2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.
3. I believe the title statement is valid because….
4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …. I believe….
5. My argument for this view goes as follows.
6. Along with the development of…, more and more….
7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….
8. It is monly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….
9. As far as I am concerned, I pletely agree with the former/ the latter.
10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.
六、表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法
1. A is pletely / totally / entirely different from B.
2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.
3. A and B differ in….
4. A differs from B in….
5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….
6. pared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….
7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….
8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….
9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.
10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….
11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….
七、演绎法常用的句型
1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they e down to three major ones.
2. There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.
3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.
4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.
5. The reasons are as follows.
八、因果推理法常用句型
1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.
2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot.
3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we’ve learned a lot.
4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we’ve learned a lot.
5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.
6. Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.
7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.
8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight.
定语从句是高中英语学习的重要语法项目之一，在高考各个题型中都有可能会涉及。它的结构和用法比较复杂，是高中阶段英语学习的一个重点。

一、关系代词用that，which引导的定语从句
1.通常只用that的情况
当先行词为all, few, little, much, anything, nothing, everything, none等时；或者当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级和 all, any,  few, little, no,  the only, the very, the last 等词修饰时，定语从句的关系代词要用that；如果定语从句修饰两个先行词，其中一个指人，一个指物，那么定语从句的关系代词也应用that。
2.通常只用which的情况
当引导非限制性定语从句，指物或指代前面整个句子的内容,或放在介词后面指物时，只能用which。
I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault.
After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, which turned out to be a wise decision. 
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二、who，whom，whose引导的定语从句
1.如果先行词是指人的不定代词，如：anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, nobody, one, ones, those, all等，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时用who，作宾语时用whom/who。
2.在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词指人且作主语时用who，作宾语时用whom/who。
3.在定语从句中可以作定语的关系代词只有whose，表示物时相当于"the + 名词 + of + which"或"of + which + the + 名词"；表示人时相当于"the + 名词 + of + whom"或"of +whom + the + 名词"。
I’ve bee good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year.
The newly-built cafe, the walls of which are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.

三、where，when，why引导的定语从句
where，when，why的意义相当于"介词+ which"。具体而言，where 相当于 "in / at + which"，when相当于"at / in / during + which"，why相当于"for + which"。 
1.关系副词 where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，定语从句修饰的先行词必须是表示地点的名词。
2.关系副词 when引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句修饰的先行词必须是表示时间的名词。
3.关系副词why引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作原因状语，定语从句修饰的先行词必须是表示原因的名词。
The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister where she would stay for an hour.
Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

四、"介词+关系代词"结构的用法
当关系代词作介词宾语时，就出现了"介词+关系代词"的结构引导定语从句的现象。当先行词指物时用"介词+ which"， 指人时用 "介词 + whom"，且关系代词不能省略。
I saw a woman running towards me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction from which she had e.
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五、the way后面的定语从句的引导词
the way 作先行词且其后定语从句的引导词在从句中作状语时引导词用in which,that或者省略。
He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of importance to science. 本句中的I think 是插入语，which 引导非限制性定语从句。辨别含有插入语的定语从句正确的方法是：去掉插入语后，原句的结构仍然完整。常见的插入语有： I think（suppose, believe, imagine）, in my opinion, to tell  the truth等。
速判关系代词与关系副词
做题的关键是把先行词放到从句中，看它在从句中所作的成分。  
1.把先行词放到从句中后,如果不需要再添词从句就是完整的，那先行词就在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语（表所属关系），此时应选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose)。
2.把先行词放到从句中后,如果需要添介词才能使从句完整，那么先行词在从句中作状语，应选择关系副词（where作地点状语，when作时间状语，why作原因状语）。