英语9种时态对比.doc

一般现在时
一般过去时

基本
用法
1、表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作或状态,以及能力爱好。
2、表示客观真理、科学事实 、格言或警句和习惯用语中。
1、表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。
2、表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。

谓语 结构
主语+am/is are+表语
主语+动词原形/三单
1.主语+was/were+表语
2.主语+动词的过去式
否定句
主语+am/is are+not+表语
主语+do/does +not+动词原形
主语+was/were+not+表语
主语+did+not+动词原形
疑问句
am/is are+主语+表语
do/does +主语+动词原形
was/were+主语+表语
did +主语+动词原形

特征词
always, usually, often, sometimes, at times, every day, on Sundays, now and then, seldom
yesterday, last Sunday morning, last week, last year, just now, the other day, once upon a time, an hour ago, in 1982

例句
1.He likes living in the country.
2.The earth runs around the sun. 　
3.The teacher told us that the earth is round.
1.We often played together when we were children.
2.He bought the puter five years ago. 3.It was then a small fishing village.

现在进行时
过去进行时

基本
用法
1、表示说话人在说话时正在进行的动作。
2、表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作.（说话时这个动作并不一定正在进行。）
表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
谓语 结构
主语+am/is/are+doing
主语+was/were+doing
疑问 否定
变疑问往前提，变否定加not
变疑问往前提，变否定加not

特征词
now,listen!,look!,these days
then, at that time, this time yesterday, at 10:00 last Sunday night , all day, from nine to ten last evening，when, while

例句
1.We’re having a meeting.
2.We are working on the farm these days.
3.I’m writing a book this month.
1.He was playing while I was studying.
2.I was doing my homework this time yesterday.

一般将来时
过去将来时
基本
用法
表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态.
从过去看将来要发生的事(过去的将来)

谓语 结构
主语+am/is/are going to do
主语+will do (第一人称也可用shall)
主语+am/is/are+to do
主语+was/were going to do
主语+would do
主语+was/were+to do
疑问 否定
变疑问往前提，变否定加not
变疑问往前提，变否定加not

特征词
next Sunday morning, next month, next time next week, tomorrow, tomorrow afternoon , in a few days , in a month, soon
常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中 the next/following day/ week/month

例句
1.We shall have a lot of rain next month.
2.Look at the dark clouds. It’s going to rain.
3.I’m going to wash the car if I have time.
4.I think we are to meet again many years later.
5.Are we to hand in the papers at 10:30?
1.They said the railway was to be opened to traffic on May Day．
2.We were about to go out when it began to rain．
3.He said he would e to see you when he had time．

现在完成时
过去完成时

基本
用法
1、表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。
2、表示从过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。（延续性动词）
过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态，即“过去的过去”

谓语 结构
主语+have/has+动词过去分词
主语+had+动词过去分词
疑问 否定
变疑问往前提，变否定加not
变疑问往前提，变否定加not

特征词
1.already,yet,ever,never,just,before, recently= lately;
2.for+一段时间, since+点时间/具体时间, since two years ago, up to now = so far = by now = till now , in the last/ past few years, in recent years
before, by, when, by the end of last…

例句
1.I have finished the report.
2. She has cleaned the room.
3.I have kept the library book for 2 weeks. (borrow)
4.Great changes have taken place in our hometown since we left here.
5.It is/has been two years since I graduated.
1.By the end of last year we had built five new houses.
2.I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.
3.Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.　

现在完成进行时

基本
用法
表示现在以前一段时间里一直在进行的动作,这一动作仍在进行。

谓语 结构
主语+have/has been +动词ing

疑问 否定
变疑问往前提，变否定加not
变疑问往前提，变否定加not
特征词
强调动作的持续性

例句
1.He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.
2. It has been raining for two days.

时态的特殊用法
1、主句是一般将来时,时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句须用一般现在时表一般将来时(即主将从现)；
主句是过去将来时,时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句须用一般过去时表过去将来时。
（1）I’ll write to her when I have time. （2）If we hurry up, we can catch the bus.
（3）Whatever you say, I won’t pay. （4）Next time I’ll do as he says.
（5）Father told me that he would buy me a puter if he made enough money.
2、主句是将来完成时,从句有by the time 所引导的从句用一般现在时表将来；
主句是过去完成时,从句有by the time、before 所引导的从句用一般过去时。
（1）By the time he es, I’ll have left.
（2）By the time he came, I had left.
（3）The train had left before we reached the station.
3、by, by the end of后接表将来某一时间的短语用将来完成时；后接表过去某一时间的短语用过去将来时。
（1）By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.
（2）By 8:00 a.m. yesterday, we had arrived at the park.
（3）By this time next year,I will have graduated from high school.
4、在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可代替一般将来时，表示将来某时完成的动作。
（1）I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.
（2）If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.
5、go\e\leave\start\ arrive等位置移动动词，可以用现在进行时表一般将来时；可以用过去进行时表过去将来时。
(1) I’m leaving tomorrow. （3）Mr. Green was flying to Guangzhou the next week. （2）They are getting married next week. （4）I didn't know when they were ing again．
6、位移动词如e、go、leave、arrive、fly、start等以here, there开头的句子里，常用一般现在时代替将来时。
（1）There goes the bell. （2）Here she es.
7、现在进行时或过去进行时常与频度副词always连用，表示说话者表扬、厌烦等感情色彩。
（1）He is always helping others.
（2）He was always thinking of others, never thinking of himself.
8、用于“the＋比较级…,the＋比较级…”中,前一个用一般现在时表将来,后一个用一般现在时表将来或用一般将来时。
The more you eat, the fatter you (will) bee. “越…越…”
9、表示过去经常发生的动作也可用 “used to”或 “would+动词原形” 代替。
used to + do：“过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。　
would do: 表过去常干某事，但不强调现在不干。
（1） He used to visit his mother once a week.
（2）The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park .
10、用于think, believe, suppose, plan, expect等心理活动的动词，表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事，现在时态中通常用过去式，所表达的含义往往与客观事实相反，意为“原想”，“本以为”“本计划”“本期望”等; 过去时态中通常用过去完成时，所表达的含义往往与客观事实相反，意为“原想”，“本以为”“本计划”“本期望”等。
（1）We never thought a team of girls could beat us. This is the most unlucky day of my life.
我们本以为女队绝不可能打败我们，这是我一生中最不幸的日子。
（2）I believed he would not e to see me again. 我本以为他再也不会来看我了。
（3）I had meant to e, but something happened.
11、since后跟从句，表示自从，since后用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。
（1）He has been in hospital since he became ill.
（2）It’s 3 years since my brother joined the Party.
12、用进行时表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, bee, turn, run, go等。
It's getting warmer and warmer.
13、It + be + 一段时间 + before 从句。这个句式分两种情况：
①如果主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来时。意为“多长……以后将会……发生某事”
②如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时。意为“多长……后发生了某事。”
（1） It won’t be long before he succeeds. ( = He will succeed soon.)
（2）It was ten years before they met again. ( = They met again ten years later. )
14、“have been to ＋地点”与“have gone to＋地点”的区别：
★have / has been (to) 表示“曾经去过”某地，说话时此人已经回来了。
He has been to Paris three times.
★have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去了”某地，说话的时候,去某地的人不在场,可能到达某地,也可能在去某地的路上,反正不在说话者的身边。 E.g. He has gone to Paris.
15、用于完成时的典型句型：
（1）It/This/That is the first / second , etc, + time…. that从句用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
（2）It/This/That was the first （second/third…）time＋that从句用过去完成时。
It was the first time that I had visited the city.
16、表示“一……就”的几个句型：
（1）Hardly had+主语+过去分词+when +一般过去时。
（2）No sooner had+主语+过去分词+than+一般过去时。
（3）Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词+ when + 一般过去时。
①We had hardly heard the news when he cried.
②No sooner had he bought the car than he sold it.