英语倒装句.docx

英语倒装句
倒装有两种:
一将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装。
如:In came a man with a white beard. 
二只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装。
如:Only once was John late to class.
英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。
一完全倒装的四种主要类型（有 地 钻状 洞动）
1. here 和there、now、 then位于句首时的倒装
表示地点的here和 there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。
这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和e, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词：
Here’s Tom. 汤姆在这里。
There’s Jim. 吉姆在那儿。
Here es the bus. 公共汽车来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。
　【注意】
(1) 以上倒装句中的谓语动词e和go不能用进行时态，即不能说
Here is ing the bus。
　(2) 若主语为代词，则不倒装：
　　 Here I am. 我在这儿。/ 我来了。
　　 Here it es. 它来了。
　(3) 其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在)：
　　There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。
Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 从前有个人名叫比夫。
2. away和down等位于句首时的倒装
地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。
这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词：
Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。
Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。
The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。
Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。
　【注意】
　若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装：
　Away he went. 他跑远了。
　Down it came. 它掉了下来。
3. 状语或表语位于句首时的倒装
为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装：
Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。
By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。
　【注意】
　在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：
　　In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。
　　In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。
4. 分词和不定式置于句首的倒装
有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装：
Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。
Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。
To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。
随堂练习
① At the foot of the mountain _________ 
A. a village lie B. lies a village C. does a village lie D. lying a village
【解析】B.At the foot of the mountain是表示方位意义的介词短语,位于句首时,句子要使用全部倒装语序.
②In the dark forest _____, some large enough to hold several English towns.
A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes 
C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand
【解析】B.In the dark forest是表示方位意义的介词短语,位于句首时,句子要使用全部倒装语序

二部分倒装用法(不 只 如此 而且 虚需要 让步)
1. 否定副词位于句首时的倒装
　　在正式文体中，never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装：
I shall never forgive him. / Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。
He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。
She hardly has time to listen to music. / Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。
He little realizes how important this meeting is. / Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。
We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off. / No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。
　【注意】
　(1) 对于not…until句型，当not until…位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序：
　He didn’t leave the room until the rain stopped. / Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。
(2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装：
（绝不at no time, in no way, by no means, on no account, in no case, in/under no circumstances）
　On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。
　In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。
　但是，in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：
　In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。
2.“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装
当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装语序：
Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。
Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。
Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。
3. “so+adj. / adv.”位于句首时的倒装
副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后用部分倒装：
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.
光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。
So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑
4.“so+助动词+主语”倒装
当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构：
You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。
She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。
If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。
　【注意】
　(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor：
　You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。
　She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。
　(2) 注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别：
　"It was cold yesterday." "So it was." “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”
　"Father, you promised." "Well, so I did." “爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。”
5. 由not only…but also引出的倒装
当not only…but also位于句首引出句子时，not only 后的句子通常用部分倒装形式：
Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。
Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.
他不仅讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。
6. 虚拟条件句的省略与倒装
当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前，构成倒装句：
Had you e yesterday, you would have seen him.若你昨天来，你就会见到他了
Should you require anything give me a ring. 如果需要什么，可以给我打xx。
Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless. 要不是你帮助，我会仍然无家可归。
【注意】省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词：
Had I money, I would buy it.
7. as、though、although引导的状语从句
当as / though引导让步状语从句时,可出现“名词/形容词/副词/分词+ as +主语+动词”或“动词+ as +主语+助动词”的倒装形式.当表语是名词时,名词前不加任何冠词.例如：
Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子,他懂得很多.
Try as he would, he might fail again.尽管他努力尝试了,他还可能失败.
【注意】
① 句首有名词时，名词不能带任何冠词。
② ②句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语， 则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如:
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意
练习
1①Little _____ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.
A. did Rose care B. Rose did care C. Rose does care D. does Rose care
【解析】little是含有否定意义的副词,位于句首时,句子应使用部分倒装语序；结合状语从句的时态和整个句子的意思可知,应使用过去时态,故选择A项.
② —How was the televised debate last night?
—Super! Rarely ______ so much media attention. 
A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract 
C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate 
【解析】Rarely是含有否定意义的副词,位于句首时,句子应使用部分倒装语序.B
③ I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means ______with my progress.
A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied　　
C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied
【解析】by no means是含有否定意义的词组,位于句首,句子应使用部分倒装语序.D
Not until I came home last night ________ to bed.
A. Mum did go B. did Mum go C. went Mum D. Mum went
【解析】B.not until引导的从句位于句首时,not until的从句不倒装,主句使用部分倒装语序
2① Only then___ how much damage had been caused.
A. she realized B. she had realized C. had she realized D. did she realize
【解析】D.only位于句首,修饰副词时,要用部分倒装语序.then是过去时的时间标志词,故排除C项.
② _________ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other panies.
A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet
【解析】A.only位于句首,修饰介词短语时,要用部分倒装语序.从后面的部分倒装语序可知,应使用only.
③ Only after my friend came _________.
A. did the puter repair B. he repaired the puter 
C. was the puter repaired D. the puter was repaired
【解析】C.only位于句首,修饰状语从句时,主句要用部分倒装语序.计算机应该是“被修理”,故使用被动语态. 
3.① So sudden ________ that the enemy had no time to escape.
A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was
【解析】so…that…结构中的so位于句首时,构成部分倒装句,本句中attack是名词,故A错C
②—Did you see who the driver was?
—No, so quickly_________ that I couldn’t gat a good look at his face.
A. did the car speed by B. the car sped by
C. does the car speed by D. the car speeds by
【解析】A.so…that…结构中的so位于句首时,构成部分倒装句.根据时间关系,应选用过去时
 4.① If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, _______. 
A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D. either he will
【解析】B.条件状语从句中表示否定意义,主句重复前面句子的部分意思,否定用neither或nor.
②—My room gets very cold at night.
—___________. (2007 江苏卷)
A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does
【解析】C.重复前面句子的部分意思,肯定用so.并且前一句中使用了实义动词,故用助动词代替.
③Mary never does any reading in the evening, _________.（2005全国卷Ⅲ）
A. so does John B. John does so 
C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John 
解析】D.前面句子中表示否定意义,后面句子重复前面句子的部分意思,否定用neither或nor.
5.①The puter was used in teaching. As a result, not only_______, but students became more interested in the lessons.
A. saved was teachers’ energy B. was teachers’ energy saved 
C. teachers’ energy was saved D. was saved teachers’ energy
【解析】B.not only…but (also)…连接句子时,第一个分句的主谓要部分倒装.
6①________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be
【解析】B.根据句意可知,前面应该是一个与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句,构成是should +v.或were to + v..省略if后要使用部分倒装语序.只有B项符合符合要求.
②What would have happened _______, as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther 
【解析】C.根据句意可知,这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的复合句,期构成是：条件状语从句中谓语动词用过去完成时,主句中用would / could /should…+完成时.省略if后使用部分倒装语序,只有C项符合. 
7①Unsatisfied _________ with the payment, he took the job just to got some work experience. 
A. though was he B. though he was C. he was though D. was he though
【解析】B.though引导让步状语从句,分词可放在though的前面,此时主谓不倒装.
②_______, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange
C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound 
【解析】D.as引导让步状语从句时,应使用“名词/形容词/副词/分词+ as +主语+动词”的倒装形式.故D项正确.
③_________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student
【解析】B.as / though引导让步状语从句时,可出现“名词/形容词/副词/分词+ as +主语+动