英语被动语态总结.doc

英语被动语态总结与练习一、被动语态的构成形式1.被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由“be过去分词”构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1)am/is/are +done (过去分词)一般现在时Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2)has /have been done现在完成时All the preparations for the task have been pleted, and were ready to start.3)am/is /are being done现在进行时A new cinema is being built here4)was/were done一般过去时I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5)had been done过去完成时By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been pleted in Beijing.6)was/were being done过去进行时A meeting was being held when I was there.7)shall/will be done一般将来时Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8)should/would be done过去将来时The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9)shall/will have been done将来完成时（少用）The project will have been pleted before July.10)should/would have been done过去将来完成时（少用）He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.2.被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3.非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing形式及不定式to do也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。I dont like being laughed at in the public.二、如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by短语)。My bike was stolen last night.2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3.为了更好地安排句子。The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people.（一个主语就够了）三、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth.”。有：It is said that据说It is reported that据报道It is believed that大家相信It is hoped that大家希望It is well known that众所周知It is thought that大家认为It is suggested that据建议It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.（The boy is said to have passed the national exam.）四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock（指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked（指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, e out, e about, e true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。How do the newspapers e out?这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。Your reason sounds reasonable.五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。1.在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房子需要修理。2.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。I have a lot of things to do this afternoon(to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)试比较：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? (此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)4.在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.5.在too to结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.6.在there be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁lost time不明确。）7.在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent, blame, let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。Who is to blame for starting the fire?六、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。1.“under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）。The building is under construction( is being constructed).2.“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎胜过、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief (令人难以置信)，beyond ones reach（鞭长莫及），beyond ones control（无法控制），beyond our hope我们的成功始料不及。The rumour is beyond belief（=cant be believed）3.“above+名词”结构,表示“(品质、行为、能力等)超过、高于”。His honest character is above all praise=His honest character cannot be praised enough4.“for+名词”结构，表示“适于、为着”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).5.“in+名词”结构，表示“在过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在视野范围内)，等。The book is not yet in print(=is not yet printed)（ ）1The Olympic Games _every four years. A are held B were held Care holding Dwill ho1d（ ）2. In the art show，a lot of enjoyment _ _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings A is giving B is given C will give D has given（ ）3. Today Chinese is being more and more popular. It _in. many schools around the world. A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught（ ）4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, _as Peoples Writer. A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards（ ）5. Usually puters _to search the Internet. A. use B. are using C. are used D. used（ ）6. -Do you often clean your classroom? -Yes. Our classroom _every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned（ ）7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible? 一YesIn fact，it _.Thats all because of the people and the factories around A polluted B was polluted C has polluted Dwas po11ute（ ）8. -Our environment is getting worse than before. -Youre right. But thanks to Earth Day_, people have done more and more useful things to protect(保护)the earth since Earth Day.A. is started B. was started C. has started（ ）9. -I feel very happy that I _to be the host. -Congratulations!A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosen（ ）10. Many trees and flowers _ in our school last year，and they made our school a beautiful garden Aplant Bplanted Chave planted Dwere planted（ ）11.Some famous paintings _in the hall next week. A. will show B. were shown C. is shown D. will be shown（ ）12. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week . A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives（ ）13.-Great changes have taken place in this city. -Right. Many modern tall buildings have been _ these days. A. turned upB. put up C. shown up D. fixed up（ ）14.Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China. A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed（ ）15.Do you often clean your classroom? Yes, our classroom _ every day.A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. Cleaned课后练习（ ）1Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. Im sorry, but I _ when to meet. A. dont tell B. didnt tell C. havent told D. wasnt told（ ）2Many old houses around our school _ next year and a large green area will appear. A. pull downB. will be pulled downC. will pull downD. are pulled down（ ）3- My watch _. - Dont worry. Lets go to the Lost & Found. A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped（ ）4-Did you go to Sams weekend party? -No, I_. A. am not invitedB. wasnt invitedC. havent invitedD. didnt invite（ ）5- How often _ your school sports meeting _? - Once a year.A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; hold（ ）6On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) _ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars. A. sell B. sold C. is sold D. was sold （ ）7The Thousand- hand Guanyin _ by many people as the best performance at CCTVs Spring Festival Evening. A. has been regarded B. are regarded C. has regarded D. regards（ ）8Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful. Yes, they _ in Hangzhou. A. paintedB. were painting C. were painted D. had painted（ ）9-Dont litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign: “Rubbish into the dustbin.” -Sorry. A, has throw B, was throw C, must throw D , must be thrown（ ）10The 29th 0lympic Games _in Beijing in 2008Awill hold B will be held Chold（ ）11. The girl was often heard happily in her room.A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings（ ）12. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _ in our school in the next term. A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build（ ）13. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _ in our school in the next term. A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build（ ）14. The sick boy _ to hospital by the police yesterday.A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took（ ）15. -Its difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.-I think a bridge _ over the river.A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built （ ）16. -David, turn off the TV_ no one is watching it. -But it _ off already! The music is from the radio. A. so that, has been turned B. when, has turned C. if, has been turned D. because, has turned（ ）17. Usually John to school in his fathers beautiful car.A. has taken B. is taking C. is taken D. has been taken（ ）18. Dont put off todays work for tomorrow. I mean, todays work _ today.A. may do B. must do C. may be done D. must be done （ ）19.-Look, what an old palace! It looks so great!-Yeah, it _ nearly 800 years ago.A. was building B. was builtC. has builtD. is built（ ）20. Dont discuss the problems with your partner unless you _ to do so. A. ask B. are asked C. will ask D. will be asked 把下列句子改写成被动语态 1.They make machines in that factory. _ 2.Every body likes this song. _ 3.He doesnt show the stamps to me. _ 4.People dont grow rice in the west of Japan. _ 5.He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble. _ 6.Do the workers build many buildings? _ 7.Does Kate sometimes break glasses? _ 8.Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu? _ 9.What does the teacher often tell the boys to do? _ 10.How many desks do they buy every term? _ 将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词1. We can finish the work in two days.The work _ _ _ in two days. 2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk _ _ in Suzhou. 3. The children will sing an English song. An English song _ _ _ by the children. 4. You neednt do it now. It _ _ _ by you now. 5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week. A New Year Card _ _ _ her by me last week. 6. Peole use metal for making machines. Metal _ _ for making machines. 7. He made me do that for him. I _ _ _ that for him. 8.I have given this book to the library. This book _ _ _ to the library. 9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? _ a bridge _ here by them a year ago? 10.Well put on an English play in our school. An English play _ _ _ on in our school. 11.More and more farmers buy colour TV sets. Colour TV sets _ _ _ more and more farmers. 12.My brother often mends his watch. His watch _ _ _ by my brother. 13.We must water the flowers every day. The flowers must _ _ (by us) every day. 14.They use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things. 15.He made the farmers work for a long time. The farmers _ _ _ _ for a long time. 16.Did he break the window yesterday? _ the window _ _ _ yesterday? 17.They have sold out the light green dresses. The light green dresses _ _ _ out. 18.We clean the classroom every day. The classroom _ _ every day. 19. You must not plant trees in very dry earth. Trees _ _ _ _ in very dry earth. 20.You can dig a hole in the earth. A Hole _ _ _ in the earth. 用动词的正确语态填空 1. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 2. That play _(put) on again sometime next month. 3. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital. 4. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop. 5. -What _ a knife _ (make) of? -It _(make) of metal and wood. 6. A Piano concert _(give) here last Friday. 7. _ the magazine _(can take) out of the library? 8. The room _ (clean) by me every day. 9. The stars _ (can see) in the daytime. 10. Some flowers _(water) by Li Ming already. 11. These kinds of machines _(make) in Japan. 12. Apples _ _(grow) in this farm. 13. Russian _ _