英语国家概况答案.doc

英语作业答案

Unit 1
Ⅰ.Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False.
1. The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. (T) 英伦三岛包括英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
2. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. (F) British
3. Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language. (F)
4. In terms of population and area，Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom. (F) 英格兰是面积最大，人口最多的
5. The longest river of Britain originates in Wales. (T) The River Severn:赛文河
6. Because of political troubles，Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom. (T)

Ⅱ. Choose the one that best pletes each of the following statements.
1. The two main islands of the British Isles are .
不列颠群岛是由两个大岛组成的：不列颠和爱尔兰
A.Great Britain and Ireland B.Great Britain and Scotland
C.Great Britain and Wales D.Great Britain and England
2. is the capital city of Scotland.
A. Belfast B. Edinburgh C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff
3. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom， is the smallest.
A.England B. Scotland
C.Wales D. Northern Ireland
4. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of words to English.
A. Danish and Finnish B. Dutch and German
C. French and Italian D. Latin and Greek
5. The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.
A. Norman B. Dutch C. German D. Danish
6. Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of .
A. grammar B. handwriting
C. spelling D. pronunciation
7. At present, nearly of the world’s population municate in English.
A. half B. a quarter
C. One third D. one fifth
III. Give brief answers to the following questions·
1. What is the full name of the U.K.?
The full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?
They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsman wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.
3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?
The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.

4. Why did English bee more important after the Black Death(黑死病)?
The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance pared to French.

Ⅳ. State your understanding of the following questions in about 100 words.
1. who are British people?
The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lots of immigrants from many former monwealth(共和国) countries from every part of the world, and the British people are also posed of people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds.
2. What is Standard English?
Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of the southeastern England; it is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. Is has developed and has been promoted as a model for the correct British English. It is also the norm(标准) carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.

Unit 2
I. Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False.
1. The British history before 55 BC is basically undocumented. (T)
2. The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC. (T)
3. The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe— the Britons. (T)
4. The Anglo—Saxons came to Britain in the mid-5th century. (T) (不考)
5. The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will. (F)
6. The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century. (T)
7. Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France (T)
8. The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople. (F)
9. The Hundred Years’ War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans for trade and territory. (F)
10. in an effort to make a promise between different religious factions，Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation. (T)

Ⅱ. Choose the one that best pletes each of the following statements.
1．The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410．
A．Norman B．Danish
C．Celtic D．Germanic
2．By the late 7th century， became the dominant religion in England．
A．Celtic Christianity B．Anglo-Saxon Christianity
C．Germanic Christianity D．Roman Christianity
3．Westminster Abbey(威斯敏斯特教堂) was built at the time of .
A．St．Augustine B．Edward the Confessor(忏悔者爱德华)
C．William the Conqueror D．Alfred the Great
4．The marked the establishment of feudalism(封建制度) in England．
A．Viking invasion B．signing of the Magna Carta
C．Norman Conquest D．Adoption of mon law
5．The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .
A．the House of Valois B．the House of York
C．the House of Tudor(都铎楼) D．the House of Lancaster
出身于族徽为红玫瑰的兰开斯特家族的亨利·都铎结束了玫瑰战争，登上了英国王位，称亨利七世
6．The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’S effort to .
A．divorce his wife B．break with Rome
C．support the Protestants D．declare his supreme power over the church
7. The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .
A．Protestants and Puritans B．Royalists and Parliamentarians
C．nobles and peasants D．aristocrats and Christians
8． was passed after the Glorious Revolution(光荣革命)．
A．Bill of Rights B．Act of Supremacy
C．Provisions of Oxford D．Magna Carta
9.The Industrial Revolution was acplished in Britain by the middle of the century．
A．17th B．18th C．19th D．20th
10．Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of the century．
A．17th B．18th C．19th D．20th
III. Give brief answers to the following questions.
1. What are the two ponents of the British parliament?
2. What were some of Queen Victoria’s major achievements?
3. What were the two camps in Europe in World WarⅠ?
4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World WarⅡ? Answers:
1. They are the House of mons and the House of Lords.
2. Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and merce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass.
3. The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly prised of France, the Russian Empire, the British Empire, Italy and the United States.
4. Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.
Ⅳ. State your understanding of the following questions.
1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?
2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?
Answers:
1. The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial productivity increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed. The conflict between the capitalists and the proletarians became the most important political issue.
2. Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, Britain had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of the 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World WarⅠ, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain’s colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall of the Empire.
Unit 4 Politics and Government of UK
I．Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False．
1．Conventions(党代会) are regarded less important than mon law in the working of the British government．F
2．The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history．F
3．In reality，the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers．F
4．British Parliament is the law-making body of the monwealth of Nations(英联邦国家)．F
5．Lords Spiritual(上议院神职议员) and Lords Temporal(上议院世俗议员) are all members in the British Upper House(上议院).T
6．The members in the House of mons(下议院) are appointed rather than elected．F
上议院是指派的，下议院是选举的。
7．The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament．T
8．Cabinet members(内阁阁员) are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament．F
Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from members of the winning political parties in Parliament
9．British law consists of two parts, the civil law and the criminal law．T
10．The legal systems in England，Wales，Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice．F

II．Choose the one that best pletes each of the following statements．
1．The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following branches with the exception of the .
A．judiciary司法 B．Legislature立法 C．monarchy D．executive行政
2．The importance of the British monarchy(君主政体)can be seen in its effect on .
A．passing the bills B．advising the government
C．political parties D．public attitude
3．As a revising chamber(审裁室)，the House of Lords is expected to the House of mons．
A．rival B．plement C．criticize D. inspect检查
4．British Cabinet works on the principle of .
A．collective responsibility(集体责任) B．individual responsibility
C．defending the collectivism D．defending the individuals
5．The main duty of the British Privy Council(枢密院) is to .
A．make decisions B．give advice
C．pass bills D．supervise the Cabinet
6．In Britain，the parliamentary general election is held every years.
A．three B．four C．five D. six
7． has a distinct legal system based on Roman law．
A．Wales B．England
C．Scotland D．Northern Ireland
8．Generally speaking，the British Parliament operates on a system.
A．single-party B．two-party
C．three-party D．multi-party
9．The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism实用主义and .
A．government intervention B．nationalization of enterprises
C．social reform D．a belief in individualism
10．The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it .
A．set up the National Health Service B．improved public transportation
C．abolished the old tax system D．enhanced the economic development
Ⅲ．Give brief answers to the following questions．
1．What are the three functions of the House of mons?
There are three main functions of the House of mons. The first is to debate and vote upon legislation and the second is to give the chance for the opposition to question what the government is doing with legislation, the way it conducts itself, etc. The third function is private member's business where MP's may get up and make a speech in the House about an issue or event that he/she would like to draw attention to.

2．What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats(自由民主党) have in Britain?
张老师的答案：Liberal Democrats was founded in March, 1988. In public’s eyes, Liberal Democrats adopts more progress policy on the issue of public services, social equity and environmental protection etc. It continues to maintain the cooperation with Labor Party, and it is third party in UK with 100,000 party members.

The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a social liberal political party in the United Kingdom. The party was formed in 1988 by a merger of the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party. The two parties had formed the electoral SDP–Liberal Alliance for seven years before then. The current leader of the party is Nick Clegg. At the 2010 general election, 57 Lib Dem MPs were elected, making them the third-largest party in the House of mons, behind the Conservative Party with 307 and the Labour Party with 258. The Liberal Democrats formed a coalition government with the Conservative Party, with Nick Clegg as Deputy Prime Minister and other Liberal Democrats in the cabinet.
Promoting social liberalism, the Liberal Democrats voice strong support for constitutional and electoral reform, and civil liberties. The party president's book of office is John Stuart Mill's 1859 On Liberty, which defended individual rights while attacking the tyranny of the majority and the despotism of custom. The party objects to state limitations on individual rights and favours a welfare state that provides for the necessities and amenities of life.[12][13] They support multilateral foreign policy, opposing British participation in the War in Iraq and supporting the withdrawal of troops from the country.[14] The Liberal Democrats are the most pro-European Union of the three main partie