高一必修一英语第四单元重点总结及练习(含答案).doc

Unit4Earthquakes重点词汇及短语1.burstinto+n=burstoutdoing突然起来，burstintotears=burstoutcrying2.asisknowntoeverybody总所周知3.beinjured受伤 4.cutacross穿过横穿5.asusual像往常一样6.giveout散发出精疲力竭7.insteadof代替 8.giveaspeech演讲9.putupshelters搭建避难 10.bepleasedtodosth.乐意做某事11.beproudof以而自豪 12.thenumberof的数量13.intheopenair在户外 14.rightaway立刻15.inruins破败不堪成废墟16.digout掘出17.atanend终结18.anumberof许多大量的19.tooto太而不能 20.tensofthousandsof成千上万的21.betrappedin=becaughtin被困在中22.allnot=notall并非所有都 23.tothenorthof=northof在的北面24.berescuedfrom被从解救出25.beburied被埋葬被埋藏26.buryoneselfin=beburiedin专心于埋头于27.thinklittleof评价不高 thinkhighlyof赞许给予较高评28.asif仿佛20.be/getshocked震惊21.atanend终结1)rightaway立刻，马上(=immediately/atonce/rightnow/innotime)你必须马上交作业。Youmusthandinyourhomeworkrightaway.2)welln.井adv.好；充分地e.g.thinkwell充分思考Learnitwell.好好地学。adj.健康的Youdontlookwell.你看上去气色不太好。int.好啦；好吧vi./vt.涌出；涌上Tearswelledupinhereyes.泪水涌上她的双眼。3)millionn.百万具体数字+million(单)+n.百万(确数)millionsof+n.大量，无数，好几百万(概数)(用法同billion,hundred,thousand等)3百万美元3milliondollars好几百万美元millionsofdollars4)burstvi./vt.(burst,burst)（使）爆裂；(使）破裂；（使）爆发e.g.Theballoonburst.汽球爆破了。Heburstwithanger.他勃然大怒。Theboybursttheballoon.那男孩把气球弄破了burstintosth./burstoutdoingsth.突然.起来e.g.Sheburstintotears/laughter.=Sheburstoutcrying/laughing.她突然哭/笑起来。c.n.突然破裂；爆发aburstof.一阵.e.g.aburstoflaughter/anger一阵笑声/大怒5)asif仿佛；好像=asthough(引导表语、状语从句)(1)+陈述语气(从句可能性大)Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看起来好像要下雨了。(2)+虚拟语气(从句内容非真实的)ShetreatsmeasifIwerehersister.她待我就像我是她姐妹一样。Heturnedaroundasifhehadntseenme.他转过身，好像没看见我。6)atanend结束；终结(=finishedover)e.g.Thewarwasatanend.战争结束了。相关短语：intheend终于；最后attheendof在的尽头bytheendof到底（末）为止etoanend结束（物作主语,不及物）putanendtosth.终止（人作主语,及物）e.g.Themeetingcametoanend.会议结束了。Thechairmanputanendtothemeeting.主席结束了会议。7)ruinc.n.废墟;遗迹(常用复数)e.g.theruinsofYuanmingyuan圆明园遗迹u.n.毁坏；破坏；破产e.g.Thepanyisfacingruin.那公司面临破产。vt.毁灭；使破产e.g.Thefireruinedthehouse.火把房子烧毁了。Thebadnewsruinedhishope.这个坏消息毁灭了他的希望。inruins严重受损；破败不堪；成为废墟；落空e.g.TheearthquakeleftthecityofTangshaninruins.地震使得唐山这座城市成了一片废墟。Hiscareer/planisinruins.他的事业尽毁。/他的计划落空。8)shockvt.(使)震惊；震动u.n.休克c.n.冲击；震惊；震动常用结构：beshockedat/bysth.对吃惊beshockedtodosth.因做某事而吃惊shockingadj.骇人听闻的，令人震惊的e.g.他们对这个骇人听闻的消息感到十分震惊。Theywereshockedat/bytheshockingnews.或Theywereshockedtoheartheshockingnews.她的死对我是个很大的震动。Herdeathwasagreatshocktome.9）rescuec.n./u.n.援救；营救e.g.arescueteam一支营救队短语：e/gotosbsrescue来/去救援/帮助某人Thefirefighterscametotheirrescue.消防人员来营救他们。vt.(rescued,rescuing)援救；营救常用结构rescuesb./sth.(from)（从中）搭救/营救出某人Thefirefightersrescuedthemfromthefire.消防人员把他们从大火中救了出来。10）trapn.陷阱，圈套，诡计；困境vt.使陷入困境;设陷阱，诱骗（-pp-）betrappedin/by被困住，陷入e.g.Theyweretrappedintheburninghotel.他们被困在失火的酒店里。trapsb.into(doing)sth.使某人陷入圈套，用计使某人做某事11）digout(dig-dug-dug;digging)找出，挖出，掘出，发现digoutthetruth找出真相digsth./sb.out(of)（从中）掘出；挖出他不得不从雪里把车挖出来。Hehadtodighiscaroutofthesnow.12）buryvt.(1)埋葬；掩埋；隐藏e.g.Hisbodywasburiedunderatree.他的尸体被埋在一棵树下。(2)专心致志于某事buryoneselfinsth.sb.beburiedinsth.埋头于；专心于e.g.Heburiedhimselfinhisstudies.=Hewasburiedinhisstudies.他埋首于学习。13）frightenvt.吓唬，是吃惊，使害怕e.g.Thedogfrightenedthechild.狗吓坏了小孩。frighten.away把.吓跑e.g.Thebarkingofthedogfrightenedthethiefaway.狗吠声把小偷吓跑了。了frightensb.intodoingsth./frightensb.outofdoingsth.恐吓某人(不)做某事frightc.n./u.n.惊骇，吃惊frighteningadj.令人恐惧的，惊恐的，可怕的frightenedadj.感到害怕的，受惊吓的14）congratulationn.祝贺，贺词（常用pl.）“就某事祝贺某人”offer/sendonesstosb.(on/uponsth.)或offer/sendsb.oness(on/uponsth.)e.g.我们祝贺他的成功。Weofferedourstohimonhissuccess.congratulatevt.祝贺，庆贺sb.(on/uponsth.)就.向某人祝贺oneself(on/uponsth.)庆幸自己.e.g.他庆幸自己考试及格。Hedhimselfonpassingtheexam.15)judgec.n.裁判员；法官；审判员；鉴赏家vt.&vi.判断；判决；审理；评价Neverjudgefrom/byappearances.别以貌取人。常用结构：judge+n.e.g.Youcantjudgeabookby/fromitscover.你不能凭封面来评价一本书。judge+sb.tobee.g.Ijudgedhimtobeabout50.我判断他大约50岁。judge+sb./sth.+adj./n.e.g.Ijudgedhimtheoldest.我判断他年纪最大。judge+clausee.g.Icantjudgewhichanswerisbetter.我无法判断哪个答案更好些。judgingby/from从看,根据判断（作状语）e.g.Judgingfromhisresponse,hewassatisfiedwiththeperformance.从他的反应看来，他对这场演出是满意的。Judgingbyhisaccent,hemustbefromtheU.S.A.从他口音判断，他一定来自美国。judgementc.n.判断；判决u.n.判断力；识别力16)expressvt.表示；表达expressonesopinion/idea/attitude/meaning/表达某人的意见/想法/态度/意思等expressoneself表达自己的意思Trytoexpressyourselfclearly.尽力把你的意思表达清楚吧。n.快车；速递expressionn.表达；表情；表达法重点句子分析1)Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.(Reading)thinklittle/poorly/badly/illofsb./sth.对某人/物评价不高、不好、不看重thinkalot/highly/wellofsb./sth.对某人/物评价很高、很好、很看重e.g.他不看重钱。Hethinkslittleofmoney.读者们对她的书评价很高。Thereadersthinkhighlyofherbook.被动：Herbookishighlythoughtofbythereaders.2)Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.三分之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。(Reading)分数的表达法，分子用基数词(one,two,),分母用序数词(first,second,),当分子大于1时，分母的序数词要用复数形式，如,1/5为one-fifth,4/5为four-fifths。“当分数/百分数of名词/代词”作主语时，谓语的单复数由of后的名词/代词决定。e.g.Aboutthree-fifthsoftheearthssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.(be)TenpercentofthestudentsarefromChina.(be)3)Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymitreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.(Reading)cutacross(1)走捷径，穿过去如果穿过这片地，我们可节省时间。Wecansavetimeifwecutacrossthisfield.(2)和.相反，违反他的讲话和他以前说的相反。Hisspeechcutacrosswhathehadsaidbefore.4)Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.(Reading)lie(1)说谎(lied,lied)(2)位于，在于(3)躺着(4)处于某种状态(lay,lain)lie“出于某种状态”+adj./介词短语e.g.战争过后，这村庄成了一片废墟。Thevillagelayinruinsafterthewar.书打开在桌子上。Thebooklayopenonthetable.5)Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.他们所看到的地方几乎一切都被摧毁了。everywhere(1)adv.到处，处处Youcanseeflowerseverywhere.你到处可看到鲜花。(2)conj.无论哪里(=wherever)无论你走到哪里，都能看到鲜花。Youcanseeflowerseverywhereyougo.(3)n.到处，处处Everywhereseemstobequiet.6)Allhopewasnotlost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。到处好像很安静。all,both,each,every等词与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都,不全是”的意思。no,none,never等词用于全部否定。e.g.Allthatglittersisnotgold.闪光的不都是金子。Allthestudentsdidntpasstheexam.=Notallthestudentspassedtheexam.不是所有学生都通过考试。(有的学生通过了考试，有的没有通过。)Noneofthestudentspassedtheexam.没有一个学生通过考试。16、大量的修饰不可数名次agreat/gooddeal/alargeamountof/much修饰可数名次many/anumberof/agreat(good)many即可修饰可数名次也可修饰不可数名次plentyof/alotof/lotsof/alargequantityof/quantitiesof/amassof/massesof即时活用：1、Ispent_ofmytimeinthiswork.A.aplentyB.agoodmanyC.agooddealD.greatdeal答案：C2、Howmanybooksdoeshehave?-Hepossesses_them.A.plentyofB.verymuchC.agreatdealD.anamountof答案：Dprotectvt.保护用法归纳：（1）protectsth.Toprotecttheenvironment,weshoulddriveless.为了保护环境，我们应该少开车。（2）protectsth./sb.from+n.Youshouldwearapairofdarkglassestoprotectyoureyesfromthesnow.下雪天你应该戴副墨镜保护你的眼睛。（3）protectsb./sth.fromdoingGeYouspeakscarefullyinpublictoprotecthimselffrombeinghurt.葛优在公共场合说话很小心，保护自己不被伤害。（4）protectAagainstBThetreebeltscanprotectthisareaagainstshiftingsand.护林带能保护这个地区不受流沙的侵害。即时活用：1、Heraisedbothhisarmstoprotecthisface_theball.A.fromB.forC.withD.to答案：A2.Atthemeeting,wereachedaconclusionthatweshoulddowhatwecould_theYellowRiverfrombeingfurtherpolluted.A.toprotectB.protectingC.protectD.protected答案：A3.Youdbetterwearyoursunglassestoprotectyoureyes_thesun.A.fromB.withC.inD.under答案：A4.Asyouknow,itismydutyto_myyoungersistersfrombeinghurtwhentheyareindanger.A.preventB.saveC.stopD.protect答案：D1.Peterwaskilledintheearthquake!_Italkedwithhimlastweek.A.Whatapity!B.Ibegyourpardon.C.Sorrytohearthat.D.Isthatso?2.Wellnotattendthemeeting_weareinvited.A.if B.andC.unlessD.once3.Theydidntattendtheconference.They_alongtripabroad.A.preparedB.werepreparingforC.werepreparingD.arepreparingfor4.Washyourhandswithsoap_theexperiment.A.intheendofB.attheendofC.totheendofD.bytheendof5.Hisstrengthhadalmost_whentheyfoundhiminthedesert.A.givenoutB.givenin C.givenupD.givenoff6.Manypeoplecametothemeeting,_ofwhomleftearly.A.numberB.thenumbersC.thenumberD.anumber7.IllspendmyholidayinShanghai,_liesonthecoast.A.who B.whichC.whereD.that8.On_thebadnews,shecriedwithherface_inhishands.A.hear;buryB.hear;buriedC.heard;buryingD.hearing;buried9.Notfarfromtheclub,therewasagarden,_ownerwasseatedinitplayingcardswithhischildreneveryafternoon.A.itsB.whoseC.whichD.ofwhich10.Itsquite_toscoreagoalinFIFAWorldCup.A.aprizeB.apriceC.anhonourD.avalue11.Imettheteacherinthestreetyesterday_taughtmeEnglishthreeyearsagoA.which B.when C.where D.who12.Thepeoplethereweregreatly_toseeevery-thingchangedoveranight.A.pleasedB.shockedC.interestedD.moved13.Tellusaboutthepeopleandtheplaces_aredifferentfromours.A.that B.who C.which D.whom14._isnowonderthebuildingis_.A.It;inruinsB.That;inruinsC.This;inruinDIt;inruin15.DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?_,butIvecaughtabadcoldtoday.A.No,notatallB.Yes,ofcoursenotC.Yes,pleaseD.ImsorryPabloRuizPicassowasthefavouritechildofhisfamily.Hewastheonlyboyamongagreatmanygirlcousins.Thatwasenoughtomakehimimportant,butthefatherlovedhimespecially,becauseheknewhissonwasgoingtobeanartist.PabloknewthewordforpencilevenbeforehecouldseeMammaandPapa.Whenhewassmall,hespenthoursbyhimselfmakingdelightfullittledrawingsofanimalsandpeople.Ifhismothersenthimouttoplayinthesquare,hewentondrawinginthedustunderthetrees.DonJoseRuiz,Pablosfather,wasdirectorofthemuseuminsouthernSpain.Heearnedonlyasmallsalary,buttherewasnotmuchworktodoandhewasabletopracticehishobby,whichwaspaintingpigeons.Donlovedpigeonsverymuch.Hepaintedthemdeadoraliveinonesandtwosandindozens.Sometimeshepaintedthemonpaper,cutthemoutandstuckthemontocanvas(画布) ;sometimeshestuckrealfeathersontohispictures.HeknewagreatdealaboutthetechniqueofpaintingandhetaughtitalltoPablo.LifeinMalagawasverypleasant.Inthehotsunshinefatherandsonwouldwalkdowntothebeachtolookattheboatsontheshoreorwanderaroundtheopenmarkets.Theymadeastrangepair.Donwastallandthin,withredhairandbeard,sadgrayeyesandafinesetofwhiskers(腮须).Hewassoshyandcorrectthathewasnicknamed“theEnglishman”.Pablowasquitetheopposite.Hehadhismotherssmall,strongbuild(体格);hehadstraightblackhair,andbrightblackeyesthatnoticedeverythingthatwasgoingonaroundhim.36.Picassosfatherlovedhimespecially,because.A.hewastheonlyboyinthefamilyB.hewasgoingtobeanimportantpersontohisfamily C.heshowedthegiftofanartistinhisearlychildhoodD.helookedlikehismother37.Pablosfatherpaintedalotbecause.A.hedidnthaveenoughmoneyB.hehadplentyoftimeC.helikedthepigeons,especiallythedeadonesD.helookedafterthemuseum38.DonJoseRuizandPablowereastrangepairbecause.A.theylikedtowanderaboutthetownB.theynoticedeverythingthatwasgoingonaroundthemC.onewastallandthin,theotherwassmallandstrongD.theylookedsodifferentfromeachother39.Thebesttitleofthepassagemightbe.A.PabloPicasso:thegreatartistB.TheBoyhoodofPabloPicassoC.FatherofAGreatArtistD.FathersInfluence(影响)onHisSon1-5CCBBA6-10DBDBC11-15DBAAA 1-5CCBBA6-10DBDBC11-15DBAAA