福建福耀科技大学《大学英语精读》2025-2026学年期末试卷.docx

福建福耀科技大学《大学英语精读》2025-2026学年期末试卷

一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）
1. In "Romeo and Juliet," the recurring motif of light and darkness primarily symbolizes（）.
A. The contrast between Verona's social classes B. The emotional turmoil of the lovers' fate C. The philosophical debate on existence D. The political conflict between the Montagues and Capulets
2. According to Keynesian economics, which of the following is considered a key determinant of aggregate demand in the short run（）?
A. Interest rates B. Consumer confidence C. The money supply D. Technological innovation
3. In the field of cognitive psychology, the serial position effect best describes（）.
A. The relationship between long-term and short-term memory B. The influence of prior knowledge on learning C. The tendency to recall items from the beginning or end of a list more easily D. The role of sleep in memory consolidation
4. Which of the following is a defining characteristic of Romanticism in literature（）?
A. Emphasis on rationality and scientific inquiry B. Focus on the individual's emotional and imaginative experience C. Advocacy for political and social reform D. Celebration of urban and industrial life
5. In the context of international relations, the concept of "soft power" refers to（）.
A. Military intervention B. Economic sanctions C. Cultural influence and attraction D. Diplomatic negotiations
6. According to Darwin's theory of evolution, natural selection operates on（）.
A. Individual organisms B. Species as a whole C. Genes in isolation D. The entire biosphere
7. In the works of Jane Austen, the theme of marriage often reflects（）.
A. The economic and social constraints of the era B. The romantic ideal of love C. The scientific study of human behavior D. The political struggles of the time
8 Which of the following is a primary function of the Federal Reserve System in the United States（）?
A. Setting tax rates B. Regulating commercial banks C. Managing the national budget D. Conducting foreign policy
9. In the field of literary criticism, the formalist approach emphasizes（）.
A. The historical and social context of a work B. The author's biography and intentions C. The structural and stylistic elements of the text D. The political messages embedded in the narrative
10. According to Marxist theory, the "base" of society refers to（）.
A. The cultural and ideological superstructure B. The economic relations and mode of production C. The political institutions and power structures D. The social classes and their relations
二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）
1. Which of the following are key components of a sustainable development strategy（）?
A. Economic growth B. Social equity C. Environmental protection D. Technological innovation E. Political stability
2. In the study of organizational behavior, factors that influence employee motivation include（）.
A. Maslow's hierarchy of needs B. Herzberg's two-factor theory C. Expectancy theory D. Equity theory E. Self-determination theory
3. The major themes in existentialist philosophy include（）.
A. The absurdity of human existence B. The search for meaning C. Freedom and responsibility D. The existence of an objective reality E. The relationship between the individual and society
4. In the context of global economics, the term "comparative advantage" refers to（）.
A. The ability of a country to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another country B. The difference in labor productivity between countries C. The gap between a country's imports and exports D. The exchange rate fluctuations affecting trade E. The government policies promoting domestic industries
5. The primary goals of public health policy include（）.
A. Disease prevention B. Health promotion C. Healthcare access D. Health equity E. Economic development
三、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）
1. In the play "Hamlet," the soliloquy "To be, or not to be" is a profound exploration of _______ and the moral dilemma of existence.
2. According to the theory of plate tectonics, the Earth's lithosphere is divided into several large and small _______ that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere.
3. The concept of "cultural relativism" suggests that moral and ethical standards should be understood within the context of a particular _______.
4. In Keynesian economics, the "multiplier effect" refers to the increase in aggregate demand that results from an initial change in _______.
5. The novel "1984" by George Orwell is a seminal work in the genre of _______ that critiques totalitarianism and surveillance.
6. The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy is known as _______.
7. In the study of linguistics, the " Sapir-Whorf hypothesis" proposes that the language one speaks influences one's perception of _______.

8. The "Great Depression" of the 1930s was a period of severe economic downturn characterized by high _______ and widespread unemployment.
9. In the field of social psychology, the " bystander effect" refers to the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help in an emergency when other people are present.
10. The " heliocentric model" of the solar system, proposed by Copernicus, placed the _______ at the center of the universe.
四、材料分析题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）
Material 1:
"The world is flat," a phrase popularized by Thomas Friedman, refers to the idea that globalization has leveled the playing field for international trade and competition. In his book, Friedman argues that technological advancements, particularly in communication and transportation, have made it easier for businesses to operate across borders. This has led to increased economic integration and the rise of a global marketplace where companies from different countries can compete directly with one another.
Material 2:
However, the flat world concept has also faced criticism. Critics argue that while globalization has created new opportunities, it has also exacerbated inequalities and marginalized developing countries. They point out that the benefits of globalization are often unevenly distributed, with multinational corporations gaining the most while local industries struggle to compete. Additionally, the environmental impact of increased global trade and production is a concern for many.
1 According to Thomas Friedman, what are the key factors that have contributed to the "flat world" phenomenon, and how have these factors affected international trade and competition?
2. Discuss the criticisms of the "flat world" concept, focusing on the issues of inequality, environmental impact, and the challenges faced by developing countries in the global marketplace.
Material 3:
"The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various industries, from healthcare to finance. AI-powered systems can analyze vast amounts of data, make predictions, and automate tasks that were previously done by humans. While AI offers numerous benefits, such as improved efficiency and accuracy, it also raises ethical concerns regarding privacy, job displacement, and the potential for misuse.
Material 4:
Proponents of AI argue that it has the potential to solve some of the world's most pressing problems, such as climate change and disease. They believe that AI can help optimize resource allocation, develop new technologies, and improve decision-making processes. However, opponents worry that the reliance on AI could lead to a loss of human autonomy and create a society where machines make important decisions for us.
1. What are the potential benefits and ethical concerns associated with the rise of artificial intelligence, and how do they impact various industries and society as a whole?
2. Analyze the arguments of both proponents and opponents of AI, and discuss the implications of AI on human autonomy and decision-making processes.
五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）
1. The Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 18th century, marked a significant turning point in human history. Discuss the major technological advancements that emerged during this period and their impact on economic, social, and environmental conditions. How did the Industrial Revolution shape the modern world, and what were some of its unintended consequences?
2. The concept of "cultural identity" refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, and traditions that define a group of people. Discuss the importance of cultural identity in shaping individual and collective behavior. How does cultural identity influence social cohesion, national identity, and the relationship between different cultural groups? Provide examples to illustrate your points.