人教版英语选修六高二-unit语法-Grammar—-it的用法.doc

人教版英语选修六高二 unit语法 Grammar— it的用法
Section_ⅢGrammar— it的用法(1)

语法图解

探究发现
①It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden.
②Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up.
③It is never too late to mend.
④It is no use talking to them.
⑤It is said that he stole the money.
⑥I think it difficult to learn English well.
⑦We make it clear that speaking to the teacher in that way is not polite.
⑧I don't like it when people talk with the mouth full of food.
[我的发现]
(1)①句it表示天气，②句第一个it代替to_give_it_up作形式宾语；第二个it代替句中所说的“吸烟”的事。
(2)在句③④⑤中it用作形式主语，其中句③用在“It is＋形容词＋(for/of＋sb.)＋动词不定式(短语)”中，it指代动词不定式(短语)；句④用在“It is＋no use/good＋动名词(短语)”中，it指代动名词(短语)；句⑤用在“It is＋said/believed/reported＋that从句”中，it指代that从句。
(3)在句⑥⑦⑧中it用作形式宾语，其中句⑥用在“动词＋it＋形容词＋动词不定式(短语)”中，it指代动词不定式(短语)，句⑦用在“动词＋it＋形容词＋that从句中，指代that从句；句⑧it用在某些特殊的句式中，指代when从句。

一、it用作人称代词和非人称代词
1．用作人称代词
(1)it用来指代前面的名词或前面提到过的事。
My friend offered me a beautiful gift yesterday, and I like it very much.
我朋友昨天给了我一件漂亮的礼物，我非常喜欢。
(2)指代性别不明的child或baby。
His sister has given a birth to a baby recently and it is very beautiful.
他姐姐最近生了个孩子很漂亮。
(3)指代未出场的身份不明确的人。
—Who is waiting for you at the bus stop?
—I have no idea. It may be my brother.
——谁在车站等着你？
——不知道，可能是我哥哥。
(4)替代前文中的this, that。
This is your plan? Will you hand it in?
这是你的计划？你要交上去吗？
2．用作非人称代词
it用作无人称的主语，不指物，而表示时间、天气、气候、季节、距离等自然现象，或指事物的状态。
It is a fine day today, isn't it?
今天是个好天气，对吧？
It is five kilometers to the town from the village.
从农村到城镇有10里路。
It's ten o'clock.
十点钟了。
[即时演练1]　匹配下面it的用法
A．指代前面的名词
B．指代性别不明的child或baby
C．指代未出场的身份不明确的人
D．时间
E．距离
①—Who's that at the door?
—It is the milkman. __C__
②Qingdao is a beautiful city, isn't it? __A__

③The baby is crying. It might be hungry. __B__
④What a long way it is from Beijing to London! __E__
⑤It was nearly midnight when she came back. __D__
二、it用作形式主语
it常代替由不定式、动词的­ing形式或从句表示的真正主语，作形式主语，而将真正的主语移至句子的后面。
1．代替不定式短语作形式主语
It is impossible to get there by boat.
坐船不可能到那里。
It's very kind of you to help me.
你帮助我真好。
2．代替动名词短语作形式主语
常用于以下结构中：
It's no use/no good/no fun/useless/a waste of time doing sth.
做某事没有用/没有好处/没有意思/没有用/浪费时间。
It is no use giving him some advice.
＝It is useless giving him some advice.
给他提建议没用。
3．代替主语从句作形式主语
It is necessary that the work should be done well.
这项工作应该被完美完成是必须的。
It's a pity that I didn't think of it earlier.
我没有早一点这么想真是遗憾。
4．注意以下固定句型
It seems(ed)/appears(ed) that ...　 似乎……
It (so) happened that ... 碰巧……
It turns(ed) out that ... 结果是……
It occurred to sb. that ... 某人突然想起……
It is said/reported/believed/hoped/well­known/suggested ... that ...
据说/据报道/大家都相信/人人都希望/大家都知道/有人建议……
It so happened that the tickets were sold out.
碰巧票都卖光了。
It occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child.
她突然想到她可以收养一个无家可归的孩子。
It turns out that the situation is quite serious.
结果表明情况很严峻。
[即时演练2]　补全句子
①(2015·四川高考满分作文)I badly need to improve my oral English, so it_is_great
_for_me_to_find a native speaker to learn from.
我急需提高我的英语口语，因此对我来说找到一个可以向他学习的当地人真是太好了。
②(2014·重庆高考满分作文)It_is_true_that a smartphone plays an important role in our daily life.
真的，智能手机在我们日常生活中扮演重要的角色。
③It_is_no_use_trying to solve the problem by force. Peace talks are the only solution.
试图用武力解决问题是没用的，和谈才是唯一的办法。
④It_was_said_that the typhoon had caused a lot of damage.
据说台风已造成了很多的破坏。
三、it用作形式宾语
it常可代替不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在句子中作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句子后面，it作形式宾语常用于以下几种情况：
1．动词＋it＋形容词/名词＋(for/of)＋to do/从句
They considered it important to have the work done on time.
他们认为按时完成这项工作很重要。
We make it a rule to visit the old every weekend.
我们规定每个周末都去拜访那些老人们。
2．动词＋it＋no good/no use/useless/a waste of time/worth one's while等＋doing ...
I'll make it worth your while telling me about his secret.
告诉我他的秘密，我会酬谢你的。
He thought it no use trying to convince them.
他认为企图说服他们没有用。
3．动词＋it＋介词短语＋that ...
owe it to sb. that ...　　　　 把……归功于……
take it for granted that ... 想当然/认为……是当然的
He owes it to his doctor's care that he is quite well again. 　
多亏医生的照料，他身体又好起来了。
4．动词appreciate/hate/love/like/dislike后面接if 或when引导的从句作宾语时，中间需用形式宾语it，构成“appreciate/hate/love/like/dislike＋it＋if/when从句”。
He will appreciate it if they will invite him.
如果他们邀请他，他将非常感激。
She hates it when he bragged that he was the most important.
她讨厌他自吹自己最重要。
[即时演练3]　补全句子
①First of all, I think_it_very_important_to_make_more_friends abroad.
首先，我认为在国外多交朋友是非常重要的。
②(2014·山东高考改编)Susan made_it_clear_to_me_that she wished to make a new life for herself.
苏珊明确向我表明，她想为自己谋得一份新生活。
③(2014·陕西高考改编)I'd_appreciate_it_if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
如果你能让我提前知道你是否能来，我会很感激的。
④I think_it_no_use_arguing with him.
我认为和他争论是没有用的。
⑤We all take_it_for_granted_that Mile can succeed.
我们都想当然地认为米莱能成功。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．New technologies have made it easier to enjoy life than ever before.
2．You may depend on it that they will look after your daughter when you are away.
3．From the teacher's patient explanation, I have learnt what a big responsibility it is to educate us.
4．—Have you got used to the weather here?
　—Yes. But I don't enjoy it in the summer when it rains on end.
5．I need to buy a new cellphone badly but I can't afford it.
6．I know it is important to know my own limitations, but what is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations.
7．I would appreciate it very much if you could give me some suggestions.
8．It is_known (know) to us that he is one of the most famous football players in the world.
9．It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
10．Will you see to it that my children are taken good care of while I am away?
11．It felt funny watching myself on TV.
12．There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow it?
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．(2015·江苏高考满分作文)It_is_everyone's_responsibility_to_obey the rules to keep the society in order and people's lives safe.　
遵守规则让社会保持秩序、人民生活安定是每个人的责任。
2．It_is_obvious_that iPad is of great help to our study, especially to our English listening.
显而易见，iPad对我们的学习有很大帮助，尤其是对我们的英语听力。
3．It_is_well­known_that learning English well will be of great benefit to us all.
众所周知，学好英语对我们大家都大有益处。
4．(2015·江苏高考书面表达)What's worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think_it_vital_to_obey traffic rules.
更糟的是，一些司机、骑车人和行人认为遵守交规没有多么重要。
5．(2015·重庆高考满分作文)I_would_appreciate_it_if you could tell me more about the activity.
如果你能告诉我更多活动事宜，我将不胜感激。
6．I think_it_necessary_that we take plenty of boiled water every day.
我认为我们每天喝大量的开水是必要的。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Do you have sleeping problems? If so, then these tips may help you fall asleep fast.
Set aside the thought __1__ you have to fall asleep. The more you think of it, the __2__ (hard) you will fall asleep.
The foods you eat also play __3__ important part. Avoid eating or drinking things like chocolates, coffee, tea and energy drinks. If you have to, then have them in the morning and never in the afternoon, __4__ (especial) before going to bed. Don't eat too much at night. A full stomach will make it more difficult for you __5__ (fall) asleep because your body is working more time to digest the food you ate.
Make a __6__ (fix) time to go to bed. For example, by 9 o'clock in the evening you should already be in bed. Do this even if you're not sleepy yet. Once __7__ (follow) this routine, you will gradually see that you feel __8__ (sleep) when it's 9 o'clock.
Make your room comfortable for sleeping. You should also take note that the sleeping environment also affects your sleep. It must be in the room __9__ it's not noisy. Otherwise, you will find __10__ difficult to fall asleep again after waking up.

1．that　设空处引导同位语从句，对thought进行解释说明，所填词在从句中不作成分且语义完整，故用that。
2．harder　本句为“the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”结构，故填harder。
3．an　play an important part“起重要作用；扮演重要角色”。
4．especially　修饰介词短语before going to bed应用副词形式，故填especially。
5．to fall　在句型“make it＋adj.(difficult, easy etc.)＋for sb.＋to do sth.”中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式短语。
6．fixed　设空处作定语修饰time，故应用形容词形式。fixed“固定的，不变的”，符合语境。
7．following　句意：一旦你开始这样做的话，就会逐渐发现自己在9点的时候就觉得困了。follow与逻辑主语you是主动关系，故应填现在分词following。
8．sleepy　feel 为系动词，后接形容词作表语。sleepy“困的”，符合语境。
9．where　设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the room，并在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。
10．it　在句式结构“find it difficult to do sth.”中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式短语。