高二英语必修二语法知识点归纳.doc

高二英语必修二语法知识点归纳
　　Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ pany …..
　　Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
　　Exhausted, I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep.
　　过去分词作状语：过去分词作状语时，说明动作发生的背景或情况，其等同于一个状语从句。vt 过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系，表示被动和完成，vi 过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。

　　Heated , water changes into steam .
　　The professor came in, followed by a group of young people .
　　1 作原因状语，等于as / since / because 引导从句
　　Moved by what she said ,we couldn’t help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said …
　　2 作时间状语，等于when 引导时间从句，如果分词表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生，可在分词前加when/ while / until 等使时间意义更明确。
　　When heated , water can be changed into steam .
　　Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill…
　　3 作条件状语等于 if / whether 引导从句
　　Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention ….
　　pared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are pared with you
4 作方式或伴随状语
　　The actress came in , followed by her fans .
　　She sat by the window , lost in thought .
　　5 作让步状语
　　Much tired ,he still kept on working .=(Although he was tired ,) he ….
　　6 独立主格结构： 当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语时，分词能够有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。常用来表示伴随情况。
　　The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat .
　　All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers .
　　Rewrite with proper conjunctions
　　 Example ： United we stand, divided we fall.
　　If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall.
　　1 Asked what had happened, he told us about it.
　　→When he was asked what had happened, …
　　2 Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.
　　→Because he was well known for his expert advice, …
　　3 Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
　　If we were given more time,
4 Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.
　　Once it was translated into Chinese,
　　5 Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to bee a doctor.
　　Because she was deeply interested in medicine,
　　6 Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.
　　Although he was left alone at home,
　　现在分词与过去分词作状语
　　现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，;而过去分词与其逻辑主语之间则表示被动关系。
　　Seeing these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing . Seen from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. (see)
　　选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如：
　　Used for a long time, the book looks old.
　　因为用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
　　Using the book, I find it useful.
　 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用
　　注意：1.系表示主语所处的状态
　　_____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)
　　______ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress)
　　be lost in
　　be dressed in
　　be interested in
　　be devoted to
　　be supposed to? be caught in the rain
　　be seated in
　　be prepared for
　　be determined to
　2.不与主语保持一致的固定结构
　　generally speaking　一般说来
　　strictly/ frankly speaking 严格地说/坦白地说
　　judging from 从…判断
　　all things considered 从整体来看
　　taking all things into consideration　全面看来
　　例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
　　Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.
　　总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 不是dogs 的动作)
　　Practice
　　1. plete each sentences using the P.P. of the right verb.
　　build frighten trap follow shoot see examine
　　1 ________ by noises in the night, the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room.
　　2 The lady returned home, ________ by two policemen.
　　3 After having been _________ carefully, the room was locked again.
　　4.______ in 1949, the exhibition hall is over 50 years old.
　　5 _____ from a distance, the Opera House looks like ship sails.
　　6 If _____ in a burning building, you should send for help.
　　7 Although ______ in the leg, he continued firing at the police.
【二】
一、不定式做主语：
　　1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。===动名词doing 表示习惯的，经常的动作。
　　e.g： To finish the building in a month is difficult.
　　To do such things is foolish.
　　To see is to believe. (对等)
　　注： 1). 不定式作主语时,谓语用单数
　　2). 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。

　　it做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
　　(1)It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do…
　　(2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do…
　　It is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary
　　(3) it is +a +名词+ to do...
　　It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one’s duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job… to do
　　It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…
　　It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…
　　*注意： probable 和 possible 均可作表语，但possible能够用不定式作真实主语， 而probable不能用不定式作真实主语。
　　It is probable for him to e to the meeting.(错）
　　It is possible for him to e to the meeting.
　　It is possible / probable that he will e to the meeting.
二、不定式做表语
　　主语是以aim duty hope idea intention plan job suggestion wish purpose task 等为中心词的名词词组 或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容, 不定式作表语常表示将来或现在的动作或状态。
　　eg ：My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.
　　Your mistake was not to write that letter.
　　What I would suggest is to start work at once.
　　三 、动词不定式作宾语
　　以不定式结构为宾语的动词有：
　　ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语
　　口诀（接不定式作宾语的动词）
　　想要学习 早打算（ want learn plan）
　　快准备 有希望（ prepare hope wish expect）
　　同意否 供选择（agree offer choose）
　　决定了 已答应（decide be determined promise）
　　尽力去 着手做（manage undertake）
　　别拒绝 别假装（refuse pretend）
　　失败不是属于你（fail）
　　e.g.Tom refused to lend me his pen.
　　We hope to get there before dark.
　　The girl decided to do it herself.