高二英语语法解析.doc

　高二英语语法解析：状语从句
　　一、时间状语从句
　　表示时间的状语从句可由when， as， while， whenever， after， before， till (until)， since， once， as soon as (或the moment )， by the time， no sooner …… than， hardly (scarcely) …… when， every time等引导。
　　e.g. When I came into the office， the teachers were having a meeting.
　　He started as soon as he received the news.
　　Once you see him， you will never forget him.
　　No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.
　　二、原因状语从句
　　原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because， since， as ， now that(既然)等，for 表示因果关系时(它引导的不是从句)为并列连词，语气不如because强。
　　e.g. He is disappointed because he didn‘t get the position.
　　As it is raining， I will not go out.
　　Now that you mention it， I do remember.
　　三、地点状语从句
　　引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。
　　e.g. Sit wherever you like.
　　Make a mark where you have a question.
　　四、目的状语从句
　　引导目的状语从句最常用的词(组)是so， so that(从句谓语常有情态动词)， in order that， in case(以防，以免)等。
　　e.g. Speak clearly， so that they may understand you.
　　She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.
　　He left early in case he should miss the train.
　　五、结果状语从句
　　结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so that(从句谓语一般没有情态动词)， so …… that， such …… that等引导。
　　e.g. She was ill， so that she didn’t attend the meeting.
　　He was so excited that he could not say a word.
　　She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.
　　六、条件状语从句
　　条件状语从句分真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件句。引导条件状语从句的词(组)主要有if， unless， so (as) long as， on condition that， so (as) far as， if only ( = if )。注意：条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。
　　e.g. If he is not in the office， he must be out for lunch.
　　You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.
　　So far as I know(据我所知)， he will be away for three months.
　　You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you don‘t go too far away from the river bank.
　　If he had e a few minutes earlier， he could have seen her.
　　七、让步状语从句
　　让步状语从句可由although， though， as， even if (though)， however， whatever， whether …… or， no matter who (when， what， ……) 等引导。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。
　　e.g. Though he is a child， he knows a lot.
　　Child as he is， he knows a lot.
　　Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say， I’ll never change my mind.
　　八、方式状语从句
　　方式状语从句常由as， as if (though)， the way， rather than等引导。
　　e.g. You must do the exercise as I show you.
　　He acted as if nothing had happened.
　　高二英语语法解析：名词性从句
　　一、引导名词性从句的连接词
　　1. 连接代词：who， whose， whom， what， which.有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
　　2. 连接副词：when， where， why， how.有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
　　3. 连接词：that， whether， if， as if.that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略;if (whether)， as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。
　　注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if(是否)，as if(好像)在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义)。
　　二、主语从句
　　1. 主语从句在复合句作主语。
　　e.g. Who will go is not important.
　　2. 用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。
　　e.g. It doesn‘t matter so much whether you will e or not.
　　3. that引导主语从句时，不能省略。
　　e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
　　三、表语从句
　　1. 表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。
　　e.g. The question was who could go there.
　　2. 引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
　　e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more rades to help in the work.
　　四、宾语从句
　　1. 宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
　　e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.
　　2. 介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether.
　　e.g. I’m interested in whether you‘ve finished the work……
　　I’m interested in what you‘ve said.
　　3. whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
　　(1)宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether.
　　e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.
　　(2)用if 会引起误解，就要用whether.
　　e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.(此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解)
　　(3)宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if;不直接连用，可换。
　　e.g. I don‘t know whether or not the report is true.
　　I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.
　　(4)介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if.但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether.
　　e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time.
　　They don‘t know whether to go there.
　　Please e to see me if you have time.
　　五、同位语从句
　　同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词(如：news， fact， idea， suggestion， promise等)之后，说明该名词的具体内容。
　　e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.

　　The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
　　高二英语语法解析：同位语从句
　　1.定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
　　2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词that。如：
　　They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
　　对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。
　　Where did you get the idea that I could not e?
　　你在哪儿听说我不能来?
　　Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.
　　德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。
　　注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：
　　I have no idea whether he’ll e or not. 我不知道他是否来。
　　连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。
　　The question who should do the work requires consideration.
　　谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
　　We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
　　到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
　　It is a question how he did it.
　　那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。
　　解释：
　　1.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别
　　that引导的同位语从句
　　that引导的定语从句
　　句法功能上
　　that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。
　　that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。
　　如：The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省。)
　　李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。
　　The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省。)
　　他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。
　　2.一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：
　　This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.