英语初二下人教新资料知识汇总.doc

英语初二下人教新资料知识汇总
Unit 1
Useful Expressions
1. make predictions 做预测
2. free time 空闲时间
3. fly…to… 乘坐…飞往…
4. on a space station 在太空站上
5. I disagree. 我不同意.
6. fall/be in love with sb. 与sb.相爱
7. keep pets 养宠物
8. be able to 能够
9. predict the future 预测未来
10. e true 实现
11. see sb. do sth. 看见sb.做某事（的全过程）
doing sth. 看见sb.正在做某事（片断）
12. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
13. hundreds of 数以百计的
14. try to do sth. 尽力做某事
15. look like 看上去长的像…
16. look for 寻找
17. 一段时间 + from now （从现在起）…之后
from now on = in the future 今后
Key Points
1. Do you think …?
I think (that)….
I don’t think (that)….
2. study at home on puter
辨析：on，in和with.
on：表示使用通讯工具、信息或传媒，乘坐交通工具等；
in：使用语言文字等媒介；
with：借助具体的手段或工具。
Eg. I don’t want to talk about it on the phone.
Can you speak it in English?
Don’t write it with a red pen.
3. Will people use money in 100 years?
“in+时间”结构常与一般将来时连用，对其进行提问时用特殊疑问词how soon.
4. before
ago 与过去时连用
Grammar Focus
1. The Simple Future tense
一般将来时的三种基本结构：
⑴ will +V.
⑵ be going to +V.
⑶ be + Ving
一般将来时的时间状语：in + 时间，in the future，next + 时间，
与tomorrow 相关的时间，this 时间，from now on，right now，some day…
2.形容词、副词的比较级用法
Unit3
UE
1. in front of —— behide 在…的前面 —— 在…的后面
in the front of —— at the back of 在…的前部 —— 在…的后部（包含在内）
2. take off 起飞
3. get out of 离开…
4. You are kidding. 胡说八道
5. follow sb. to do sth. 跟着某人做某事
6. get into 进入
7. shout at 训斥责备
shout to 向…喊叫
8. What happen？ 发生什么事了？
happen = take place 发生
9. in silence 沉默地
10. in space 在太空中
11. at the doctor’s 在诊所
12. jump down from… 从…跳下
13. climb up the tree 爬上树
KP
“as + 形容词/副词的原级+as”表示“和…一样”
否定形式：“not as/so + 形容词/副词的原级+as” 表示“和…不一样”
GF
1. The Past Progressive Tense
过去进行时
⑴用法：表示在过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。
⑵谓语结构：be ( was, were )+ Ving
⑶时间状语：at that time/moment
at + 点钟 + yesterday/last night
from +点钟 + to +点钟 + yesterday
this time yesterday
just then
when he came in, ….（when引导的时间状语从句是过去时，并且动词是短暂性动词时，主句使用过去进行时）
2. when & while
when与while都是从属连词，都有“当……时”的意思。
when 可与一个点的时间或表示一段的时间连用，从句动词可以是短暂性或延续性动词；
while 只指一段时间，不能指一点时间。因此while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。
Unit 4
UE
1. have a surprise party 举办一个惊喜派对
2. be mad at/with sb. for sth. 因为某事对某人发火
be mad about/on sth./sb. 对某事/某人很着迷
3. not … anymore = not … any more = no more 不再
4. first of all 首先
5. pass ( on ) sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
pass on （代词放中间）
6. work on 从事
7. be supposed to = should 应该
8. be good/better/best at 擅长于…
do well/better/best in
9. report card 成绩单
10. the disappointing result 令人失望的结果
11. this semester 本学期
12. How’s it going? 你好吗？
How goes it?
How are things going?
13. be in good/poor/bad/ill health 健康状况好/不好/糟糕/病着
14. end of year exams 期末考
15. get/be nervous of sth./doing sth. 对某事/做某事感到紧张
16. have a hard time with sth. 在某事上/做某事处境困难
doing sth.
17. It’s just that… 这只是由于…
18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事
doing sth. 忘记做过某事
19. get over 克服
20. for now 至今为止
21. open up 打开
22. care for 照顾
KP
1. true 符合客观事实的（人和事）
really 真实存在的（人和事）
2. be sure that 确信…
3. I don’t think (that)… 我不认为…（否定前置）
GF
1. The object clause
宾语从句
⑴ 引导词：that —— 引导陈述句，在句中可省略；
if，whether ——引导一般疑问句，可相互替换（从句中出现or not时只能使用whether）；
wh-，h- —— 引导特殊疑问句。
⑵ 时态：
注意：从句讲述的是客观真理时，不根据主句改变时态。
⑶ 语序：引导词后加陈述句语序
“主句 + 引导词 + 从句主语 + 从句谓语 + 其他”
2. Direct Speech and Reported Speech
直接引语变为间接引语时参照宾语从句的变法，把双引号内的句子变为宾语从句即可。以下是另需变化的两点
⑷ 人称和所有格：“ 一主，二宾，三不变 ”
⑸ 状语与动词
Unit 5
UE
1. have a great time 过得很愉快
2. wear jeans 穿牛仔裤
3. let sb. in/out/by 让某人进来/出去/过去
4. be late for 迟到
5. be sorry (that)… 感到遗憾
6. organize sth. for … 为…组织某事
7. half (of) the class 半班
8. take away… 把…拿走、没收
bring sth. to … 把某物带来…
take sth. from … 从…把某物带走
9. Why not? 为什么不呢？
10. clean up 收拾干净
11. make a lot of money 挣许多钱
12. be famous for… 因…而出名
be famous as… 因作为…而出名
13. join = take part in 参加
14. a professional athlete 职业运动员
15. get injured 受伤
16. a great chance 一次好机会
17. all the time 一直
18. around the world = all over the world 全世界
19. make a living (by) doing sth. 做某事谋生
20. plain about sth. 抱怨某事
21. decide to do sth. 决定去做某事
22. in order to do sth. 以便、为了
that + 目的状语从句 = so that
in order 整齐、有条理、正常
主句
从句
一般现在时
各种时态
一般过去时
相应的过去时态
23. talk on the phone 讲xx
KP
1. too much + 不可数名词
too many + 可数名词
much too + 形容词
2. against 反对、与…相反、与…对抗
argue against 抵制
GF
1. The Conditional Adverbial Clause
条件状语从句由if或unless引导，表示如果有从句中的动作发生，就会有主句的动作发生。在条件状语从句中，主句是将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词的句子时，从句要使用一般现在时表达将来的意思（即：主将从现）。
if：如果
unless：除非 = if… not…，….
Eg. We will have a meeting tomorrow if Mr. Gao doesn’t leave for Shanghai.
= We will have a meeting tomorrow unless Mr. Gao leaves for Shanghai.
2. Imperative
Unit 6
Useful Expression
1. how long 多长时间了？
2. start class/skating/to skate 开始上课/滑冰
= begin class/skating/to skate
3. a skating marathon 一场滑冰马拉松
4. would like = ’d like 愿意、想要
5. run out of 跑完
6. by the way 顺便问一下
7. more than = over 超过
8. ever since 自从
9. raise money for charity 筹集善款
10. a pair of 一双
11. five and a half years 五年半
12. the whole five hours 整整五个小时
13. in Russian style 以俄罗斯的风格
Key sentences
1. Every hour they skate, each student raises ten yuan for charity.每位学生每溜冰一个小时就能为慈善事业筹到10元钱。
every 和each 都表示“每一个”，但every是指整体，each是指每个个体。
2. Next is Sam. 紧接着的是Sam。
3. Because we’ve run out of room to store them. 因为我们已经没地方存放他们了。
4. By the way, what’s your hobby? 顺便问一下，你有什么爱好？
5. I am interested in the job as a writer. 我对这份作家的工作感兴趣。
6. In fact, the first Jews probably came to Kaifeng more than a thousand years ago.事实上，首批犹太人可能是在一千多年前来到开封的。
7. The more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China. 我对中国历史了解的越多，我就越喜欢在中国生活。
8. Although I live quite far from Beijing, …. 虽然我住得离北京很远。
Grammar
1. 现在完成进行时
(1) 结构：have/has + been + V.ing.
(2) 用法：表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在且很有可能持续下去；
I’ve been doing the cleaning all this morning.
表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的某一动作刚刚结束；
You’re late again! I’ve been waiting here for an hour.
表示一个一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作。
I have been calling you several times in two days.
(3) 时间状语：all the time/this morning, since morning, all night,
this week/month, recently 等
(3) 对现在完成进行时的时间状语进行提问时使用how long。
How long have you been skating?
I’ve been skating since I was seven years old.
for 5 years old.
2. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时区别：
现在完成进行时侧重于动作的持续、运行；而现在完成时强调动作的完成。如：
I have written a letter to my father.（到现在信已写完）我给我的父亲写了一封信。
I have been writing a letter to my father.（一直在写，现在还在写）我一直在给我的父亲写信。
再看：I wrote a letter to my father. 我给我的父亲写过一封信。
Unit 7
Useful Expression
1. turn down/up 调小/大（音量）
turn on/off 打开/关上（电源开关）
2. not at all 一点也不
3. right away = in a minute 立刻、马上
4. do/wash the dish 洗碗
5. get out of 出来
6. put on 穿上（动作）
wear 穿着（状态）
7. feed the dog 喂狗
keep the dog 养狗
8. return … to … 把…还给…
9. help sb. do/with sth. 帮助某人做某事
10. make posters 制作海报
11. a terrible haircut 一个糟糕的发型
12. have a long telephone conversation 褒xx粥
13. wait in line 排队
cut in line 插队
14. follow sb. around 跟在某人周围
15. get mad = get annoy = get angry 感到恼火
16. all the time 一直
17. plain about 抱怨…
18. be polite 有礼貌
19. try (not) to do sth. 尽力（不去）做某事
20. must be 一定是
21. keep down 保持音量
22. seem like 看上去像…
23. be allowed 被允许
24. even if/though 尽管、即使
25. take care = be careful 小心
26. in public places 在公众场合
in public 公开地，当众地
27. put out 熄灭
28. drop litter 乱丢垃圾
29. pick up 捡起、拾起
Key sentences
1. Would you mind turning down the music? 你介不介意把音乐声关小呢？
Would you mind (not) doing sth.? 你介不介意做（不做）…？
= Would/Could you please (not) do sth.? 请你做（不做）…好吗？
2. I won’t be long. 我一会就好。
3. The pen you bought didn’t work. 你买的那把笔坏了。
= The pen you bought wasn’t broken.
= There was something wrong with the pen you bought.
= Something was wrong with the pen you bought.
4. Here you are. 给你。
Here’s what they said. 以下是他们所说的。
5. I can’t stand it. 我无法忍受。
I can’t stand to see good food to waste. 我无法忍受看着好食物被浪费。
6. Could you please not follow me around? 请你不要跟着我四周好吗？
7. This happens to me all the time in the school library.
在学校图书馆我一直碰上这种事。
9. Would you mind keeping your voice down? 你介不介意把音量放小呢？
voice: 名词，指说话和唱歌地嗓音； talk in a loud voice 高声交谈
noise: 名词，指人们不愿听到地噪音；
sound: 名词，泛指自然界一切可以听到的声音。
10. For example, dropping litter is almost never allowed.
例如，乱丢垃圾是不被允许的。
be allowed 被允许。 “be + 动词的过去分词”是被动语态
Unit 8
Useful Expression
1. get her a scarf 送她一条围巾
2. pare with/to sth. …与…相比
3. not creative enough 不够有创意
4. easy/difficult to take care of 容易/难养活
5. these days 目前，现在
6. pot-bellied pig 大肚猪
7. spend with her 和她呆在一起
8. not … at all 根本不
9. fall asleep 入睡（动作）
be asleep 入睡（状态）
10. half way = halfway 半道、中途
11. different kinds of 不同种类
12. pay for 付款
13. from across China = from all over China 来自全中国
14. as … as 与…一样…
not as/so…as… 与…比不如其…
15. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
16. hear of 听说
17. make progress 取得进步
18. be able to = can 能够
19. have fun with sth. 做…有乐趣
Key sentences
1. Why don’t you get her a scarf? 为什么不给她买条围巾呢？
get sb. sth. for … 为了… 给某人买某物
= get sth. to sb. for…
注意：当sth. 是代词时，不可使用第二种用法。
2. That’s not interesting enough. 那不够有趣。
enough有两种词性：当它用来修饰形容词、副词时，作为副词，应放在所修饰的词之后，如上句；当它用来修饰名词时,应放在名词之后，如：I don’t have enough time to spend with her.
3. What’s the best gift (that) Joe has ever received? Joe曾经受到的最好的礼物
是什么？
4. What a lucky guy! 幸运的家伙！
5. I think a dog is a good pet for a 6-year-old child. 我认为对于一个六岁的孩子一条狗会是一个好礼物。
6. Dogs are too difficult to take care of. 狗很难照料。
7. The trendiest kind of pet these days is the pot-bellied pig. 近来最流行的宠物是大腹便便的猪。
8. Life with a pig isn’t always perfect. 和一只猪在一起生活并不总是完美的。
9. Now she’s too big to sleep in the house. 现在她太大了不能睡在屋子里。
too… to …：太…以致于不能…
= so… that 主语 can’t ….
e.g. He is too young to go to school.
= He is so young that he can’t go to school.
= He isn’t old enough to go to school.
= He is very young and he can’t go to school.
注意：too…to…是一个简单句，而so…that…是一个复合句。并且当复合句中的主句主语和从句主语不同时，在句型中要用for sb.来表述。如：
The digital camera is so expensive that we can’t buy it.
= The digital camera is too expensive for us to buy.
= The digital camera isn’t cheap enough for us to buy.
= The digital camera is very expensive and we can’t buy it.
10. My shoes were really cheap. They only cost $5. 我的鞋子真的很便宜。只要花5美圆。
cost：花费（金钱）主语为物；
pay：花费（金钱）主语为人；
take：：花费（时间、金钱）主语为物；
spend ：花费（时间、金钱）主语为人。
Grammar
1. Why don’t you get her a scarf?
= Why not get her a scarf? 为什么不给她买条围巾呢？
How/What about doing sth.? 做…怎么样呢？
How/What about + (a/an) + n.? …怎么样呢？
2. Would you mind (not) doing sth.? 你介不介意做（不做）…？
= Would/Could you please (not) do sth.? 请你做（不做）…好吗？
注意：7、8两个单元学习的几种礼貌的提出建议的方式要重点、综合复习。注意他们的搭配。
Unit 9
Useful Expression
1. hear of 听说
hear from 收到…的消息/来信
2. take a ride 兜风
3. end up 结束
4. argue with sb. 与某人争吵
5. roller coaster 过山车
6. a flight attendant 一个机组乘务员
7. in fact 事实上
8. all over the world 全世界
9. think about 考虑
think of 想起；认为
10. rather than 宁可；而不是
11. neither…nor… 既不…也不…
12. three quarters of 四分之三
13. for example 举个例子
14. such as 例如
15. on the one hand,… on the other hand,…. 一方面…，另一方面…
16. be asleep 睡着（状态）
fall asleep 睡着（动作）

Key sentences
1. Have you ever been to a water park? 你曾经去过水上公园吗？
No, I haven’t. 不，我没有。
Me neither. = Neither/Nor have I. 我也没有。
这是一个否定的省略句。它的结构是“ Neither/Nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”。而用在肯定的省略句中时要使用so，它的结构是“So+ be动词/助动词/情态动词”。如：
-- I paid 20 yuan for this book.
-- So did I.
2. The roller coaster is themed with Disney characters.
过山车是以迪斯尼的人物为主题的。
3. The boats take different routes, but they all end up in the same place.
虽然船的路线不同，但它们都停泊在同一个地方。
4. It’s just so much fun in Disneyland.
迪斯尼乐园里有如此之多的乐趣。
5. It was because I could speak English that I got the job.
只是因为我能说英语，我得到了这份工作。
6. More than three quarters of the population are Chinese.
超过四分之三的人是中国人。
7. This is because the island is so close to the equator. So you can choose to go whenever you like. 就因为这个岛是如此接近赤道。所以只要你愿意你任何时候都可以去。

Grammar
1 现在完成时
(1) 用法：动作到现在已经完成或刚刚完成;
过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的结果和影响；
过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
(2) 基本结构：have/has + V.过去分词
(3) 时间状语：already, yet, just, ever, never, once, twice, so far, ever since, for a long time, for + 一段时间, since + 过去的时间点/过去时的从句，等。
(4) 注意事项:
A. 现在完成时是现在的时态,重点表达目前的结果和状态;
B. 表示动作从过去开始持续到现在用for + 时间段, since +点时间连用。对for与since短语提问用how long。
C. 现在完成时从不与when引起的疑问句联用。
D. have been to：去过…
have gone to：去了…
have been in：呆在…
E. 短暂性动词变为延续性动词：
buy --- have had borrow --- have kept
join --- have been in / have been a member of
bee --- have been a member make friends --- have been friends
die --- have been dead get to know --- have known
e/go to do --- have done catch a cold --- have had a cold
begin/start to do --- have done
begin / start --- have been on
enter / e / arrive / get to / reach --- have been in/at
go / leave for / set off / set out --- have been away from
2. since，for在现在完成（进行）时中的用法差异
(1) since 后接过去的时间点或一般过去时的从句。
He has been an English teacher since three years ago.
We have known each other since we came to study in this university.
(2) for后接时间段
He has lived here for three years.
3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1990等。
而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：
He has lived here since 1992. 1992年以来他一直住在这里。（他现在还住在这里）
He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在这里。（并不涉及他现在是否住在这里）
Unit 10
Useful Expression
1. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
2. look through 浏览
3. cross a busy street = go/walk across a busy street 穿过一条繁忙的街道
4. think of 想起、认为
5. e along 出现，发生
6. get along/on … with sb. 与某人相处的…
7. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好

8. have a birthday party 举办一个生日聚会
9. on Saturday night 在周六的晚上
10. at least 至少
11. at the school dining room 在学校的餐厅里

Key sentences
1. I hope so. 我希望如此。
so为代词，用来表示赞同前面所提及的内容。除了hope以外，还有think，believe，suppose，be afraid等，可与so连用。如：
Do you think it will rain this afternoon? 你认为下午会下雨吗？
I think/believe/suppose/hope/am afraid so. 我想/相信/猜/希望/恐怕会。
注意：用来表示不赞同前面所提及的内容，有两种不同的方法，不可混用。如：
I don’t think so. 我不这么想。
I hope/suppose/am afraid not. 我希望/猜/恐怕不会这样。
2. How much did that shirt cost? 那件衬衫多少钱？
3. I feel like part of the group now. 现在我感觉像是他们中的一员了。
4. Friends like you make it a lot easier to get along in a new place. 有像你这样的一些朋友，使得我在新的地方很快就适应了。
Grammar
反意疑问句