高中英语 IT的用法及练习课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,IT,的,用法及练习,Uses of“It”,I,、用作人称代词的,it,II.,用作非人称代词的,it,III.,用作先行词的,it,IV.,用在强调句型中的,it,V.,用在固定结构中的,it,VI.,.Exercises,（,1,）代替前文提到过的事物。,The train has arrived,.It,arrived half an hour ago.,（,2,）用以代替提示代词,this,that,。,Whats this?,It,s a knife.,Whose watch is that?,It,s mine.,（,3,）起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。,Who is knocking at the door?,It,s me.,1.,用作人称代词,（,4,）,也可以指动物或未知性别的婴儿。,“Where is the cat?”,“Its under the bed.”,How about the baby?,-Ill take care of,it,.,（,5,）,用于上文提到的情况,Her mother kept telling her not to go out at,night,but it didnt help.,她母亲老叫她晚上不要出去，但是没用。,（,2,）指环境情况等。,It,was very noisy(quiet)at the very moment.,（,3,）指时间。,What time is,it,?,It,s eight oclock.,（,4,）指季节。,It,often rains in summer here.,（,5,）指距离,。,It,is a long way to the school.,2,、用作非人称代词,（,1,）,指天气,Its raining.,3.,用作先行词的,it,当主语或宾语是动词不定式、动名词或名词性从句时，常把以上真正的主语放在句末，而用,it,放在主语或宾语的位置上，使句子结构更清楚。这时，,it,叫先行词作形式主语,/,形式宾语。,It,的 用 法,(1).,形式主语,当主语是动词不定式、动名词或名词性从句时，常把以上真正的主语放在句末，而用,it,放在主语的位置上，使句子结构更清楚。这时，,it,叫形式主语。,e.g.,Its,very useful to master English.,Its,no use learning without thinking.,It,worried me that she didnt phone,.,It,的 用 法,It,is not easy,to finish the work,in two days.,It,is no use,crying over spilt milk.,It,is a pity,that you didnt read the book.,（,2,）,.,形式宾语,当宾语是动词不定式、动名词或名词性从句时，常把以上真正的主语放在句末，而用,it,放在宾语的位置上，使句子结构更清楚。这时，,it,叫形式宾语。,e.g.,I feel,it,no use crying.,I think,it,strange that no one would take the money.,注：,it,作形式宾语时，宾语之后一定要有宾语补足语。否则，就不能用,it,了。因为宾语已,经在句末。,I think,it,no use arguing with him.,I found,it,very interesting to study English.,He made,it,clear,（,他说,）,that he was not interested in that subject.,4.,用在强调句型中的,it,(1),强调句子的主语,宾语,表语或状语时，常用：,“,It is/was+,被强调的部分,+that,连剩余部分”,.,这种句型不能强调谓语动词。如果强调的部分是人，可用,who/whom,代替,that,。,e.g.,He,is,on duty,today,in the factory.,It is,he,that/who,is on duty today,Its,on duty,that,he is today,Its,today that he is on duty in,Its,in the factory,that,he is,4.,用在强调句型中的,it,(2),注,1,：,-,句中的,that,不能用,where/when,代替。,注,2,：强调句型中的谓语只能有两种：,was/is,.,注,3,：强调主语时，谓语应与主语的人称和数保持一致。,e.g.,It is,I,that,am a student.,(,不能用,is/was/are/were),It was,Tom and his sister,that,were praised.,注,4,：,not until,句型用在强调句型中，主句不再倒装了。,e.g.,It was,not until 9 oclock,that,I went to bed.,4.,用在强调句型中的,it,(3),注,5,：,要检查强调句型与其它句型的区别就是去掉,“,its/wasthat”,在将句子还原，不多一个词不少一个词，句子结构完整，就是强调句，否则是其它句型。,e.g.,It was,last night,that,I saw the film.,(,强,),It was,reported,that,these books sell well.,(,主从,),It is,in the place,that,I was born.,（,强）,e.g.,It is,the place,where,I was born.,（,定从）,=,It is,the place,that,I was born in.,4.,用在强调句型中的,it,(4),注,6,：,在特殊疑问句中，只能强调特殊疑问词。其结构为：,“疑问词,+,强调句型的一般疑问句？”,即：“,wh,-+is/was it that,连剩余部分？”,e.g.Where were you born?,Where was,it,that you were born?,Where is,it,that well leave?,5.,用在固定结构中的,it,e.g.Take,it,easy.,Take,it,for granted.,Believe,it,or not.,e.g.“hello!Who is that(speaking)?”,“,This,is john/I(speaking).,不能用,it,代,this,It,的 用 法,区别,：替代词,one,ones,that,those,it,this,that,one,ones,that,those,That,替换单数可数名词或不可数名词；,one,只替换单数的可数名词。,The vase on the left is more beautiful than the one on the right.,The coffee produced in Brazil is more famous than that in Mexico.,That,只用于替换表示事物的名词，而,one/ones,替换表示人和表示,事物的名词皆可。,His younger sister is taller than the elder one.,I need the plastic bags,not the paper ones.,The computers in our school are connected to the,Internet while those in their school arent.,The football players on our team seem to be more,energetic than those on your team.,That/those,一般用于替换有定冠词的名词；,one/ones,用于替换有,不定冠词的名词。,The style of the building is similar to that of a temple.,A CD player made in Japan costs more than one made in Hong Kong.,That/those,一般不带前置定语，但必须有后置定语。,One/ones,都可。当替换词的后置定语用所有格的,of,短语或当替换词被,所有格修饰时，不用,one/ones,而用,that of/those of.,I like the vase better than the one/that in another shop.,The windows of your flat are cleaner than those of mine.,A grandparents job is easier than that of a parent.,2)it,this,和,that,都可以替代前文已提到的事或情况，细微差别在于,it,不如其余,两者那么强调。,So she decided to paint the door pink.It upset the,neighbours,a bit.,So she decided to paint the house pink.That really upset the,neighbours,as you can imagine.,当前面提到的事物不止一件时，,it,通常指最先提到的事物，而,This/that,是指最后提到的事物。,We keep the ice cream machine in the spare room.It is,mainly used by the children.,(,指,the machine),We keep the ice cream machine in the spare room.This/,That is mainly used by the children.,(,指,the spare room),This,可以出现在它所指代的事物之前；而,that,则指上文所提到的,事物。,Listen to this!We will have three days off.,“A penny saved is a penny earned.”Who said that?,3)It和one,It,用以指特定的前面提到过的事物，即：,it,和它替换的是同一个,事物，,it,前无修饰语；而,one,用于替换与前提事物有共同之处,但并不完全一样的事物，因此，,one,之前或之后一定有修饰语,来加以区别。,I bought a dictionary three years ago and I am still using,it now.,I bought a dictionary three years ago but I am going to,buy a new one soon.,I.Discuss the following sentences and tell the function of“,it,”:,1.,It,s difficult to remember all their names.,2.,It,s very quiet in the caf.,3.,It,rained for three days.,4.He made,it,clear that he didnt want to speak to me.,5.,It,was nice to meeting you.,6.,It,was on Tuesday that Smith came.,7.,It,s three miles from here to the nearest garage.,8.A tall man stood up and shook hands.,It,was captain,Lawrie,.,9.I hear you bought a new bike.Can you show,it,to me?,10.,It,was five a clock when we got back home yesterday.,11.,It,was dirty and wet below the ship where the slaves were kept.,12.,It,was on this coast that lots of his people disappeared.,13.,It,was most likely that one third of them had lost their lives.,6.Exercises,精典名题导解 选择填空,1._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international,language.(NMET,1995),A.There,B.This,C.That,D.It,解析：答案为,D,。,本题考查作形式主语的用法。,that,引导的从句是真正的主语。为避免头重脚轻而平衡句子结构，将,it,置于句首作形式主语。,2.I hope there are enough,glasse,for each guest to have _.(NMET 1995),A.it,B.those,C.them,D.one,解析：答案为,D,。本题考查替代词,it,和,one,的区别。,it,用于替代同类的、特定的、同一的事物；,one,替代同类的、泛指的人或物。根据题意“我希望有足够的杯子使每个客人有一个。”可知应用,one,泛指,enough glasses,中的一,个。3.Was _ that I saw last night at the concert?,A.it,you,B.not,you,C.you,D.that,yourself,解析：答案为,A,。本题考查强调句型的疑问式。只须将句序变为陈述句便不难得出答案。,4.,（,2005,安徽,29,)It was 5 oclock _he went back.,A.when B.that C.before D.since,5.I have always been honest and straightforward,And it doesnt matter_Im talking to.,who is it B.who it is,C.it is who D.it is whom,6.It wont be long _ he comes to our help.,A.before B.since,C.after D.when,7.(05,上海,38,）,_in the regulation that you should,not tell other people the password of your,e-mail account.,What is required B.what requires,C.It is required D.It requires,返回目录,考点预测,1,.,Do you see those three girls?I know _ in the middle.,A,.,one,B,.,a,one,C,.,this,one,D,.,the,one,【,解析,】,根据“,three girls”,这一语境的限定，中间的那个女孩当然为特指，故用,the one,（相当于,the girl,）。选项,C,中的,this,与前句中的,those,不一致。,D,【,答案,】,代 词,返回目录,考点预测,2,.,As a student,we do need a lot of exercises to make the text knowledge _.,A,to,be ours,B,.,our,own,C,.,of,our own,D,.,ours,own,代 词,【,解析,】,动词,make,可接名词作宾补，表示“使（宾语）成为,”,。如：,Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work.,试题中的“,our own”,即“,our own knowledge”,，是动词,make,后的宾补，该部分意思为“使课本知识成为自己的知识”。,【,答案,】,B,返回目录,考点预测,3,.,In the time _ takes to drink a cup of coffee,customers can get a pair of special,-,made shoes in this store.,A,.,it,B,.,one,C,.,that,D,.,when,代 词,【,解析,】,本句为,“,It takes time to do,sth,.,”,句型，,it takes to drink a,cup of coffee,为定语从句，修饰,the time,定语从句中省略了作宾语的关系代词,that,。如用,one,，则与句子的主语,the customers,在人称上不一致。,【,答案,】,A,返回目录,4,.,Come as quickly as you can,Jack.,Sure,_ won,t be long.,A,.,I B,.,you C,.,that D,.,it,考点预测,代 词,【,解析,】,“,I won,t be long.,”,为一固定说法，表示,“,我很快就来（完）了,”,。以人作主语，形容词,long,作表语的这种用法又如：,Will you be long?,你要花很久的时间吗？,Dont be long about it.,别慢吞吞的。关于选项,D,，,it,虽然可表时间，但不合本句的语境,。,【,答案,】,A,返回目录,5,.,Some students like to be told about American culture but are less interested in spending the time and the effort to actually experience,_.,A,.,one,B,.,it,C,.,those,D,.,them,考点预测,代 词,【,解析,】,it,在句中作动词,experience,的宾语，代替上文提到的,American culture,。,it,和,one,都可以代替前面提到的某个名词。,it,所代替的是前面提到的特指的事物；而,one,所代替的是前面提到的同类事物,但不是同一个事物。,【,答案,】,B,返回目录,6.,Mr.Smiths,love for us students is like _ for a son or a daughter.That is why we all respect and love him.,A.that,B.it,C.which,D.those,考点预测,代 词,【,解析,】,that,可以作为替代词，代替前面的某个名词以避免措词重复，这种替代词,that,代替的是“,the+,单数名词”，句中的,that,即,“,the love”,。相应地，替代词,those,代替“,the+,复数名词”。另有一对替代词：,one,和,ones,one,代替的是“,a+,单数名词”；,ones,代替“泛指的复数名词如：,The engine of your car is better than that of,mine.(that,=the engine),The book is different from those we have read,before.(those,=the books),Im looking for a,house.Id,really like one with a,garden.(one,=a house),There were a few young people with some older ones in the,house.(ones,=people),【,答案,】,A,返回目录,B,【,答案,】,7,.,Among _ are some foreigners who attend Chinese classes at our college.,A,.,we,students,B,.,us,students,C,.,students,of us,D,.,us,of students,【,解析,】,句中,us,是作介词,among,的宾语，,students,为宾语,us,的同位语。当然，这类表达位于主语部分时，则用人称代词的主格形式。如：,We students should learn how to learn.,考点预测,代 词,返回目录,C,答案,】,考点预测,代 词,8,.,There are a few shops at the end of the street but _ of them sell newspapers.,A,.,neither,B,.,either,C,.,none,D,.,no,one,【,解析,】,none,表示“三者以上的人或事物中没有一个,”,，这与前面的,a few,相呼应。,no one,表人，且一般不接,of,短语。,返回目录,D,【,答案,】,考点预测,代 词,9,.,Can you phone John for me?,Why can,t you phone _?,A,.,himself,yourself,B,.,yourself,him,C,.,yourself,himself,D,.,him,yourself,【,解析,】,him,为动词,phone,的宾语；,yourself,为反身代词作主,语同位语，表示,“,主语本人自己做某事,”,。反身代词常见的一个用法是在句中作主语同位语，其位置可在主语后面，也可在句子后面。如：,He did it himself.,（,=He himself did it.,）,返回目录,考点预测,代 词,10,.,I had no idea which was better,so I took _ of them.,A,.,all,B,.,any,C,.,every,D,.,both,【,解析,】,根据“,better”,一词，可确定数量上是两个，故用,both,。,every,在数量上指三个或三个以上，并且在句中只作定语，不作主语和宾语。,D,【,答案,】,THANK YOU VERY MUCH,