名师指津高三英语二轮复习 第一部分 阅读理解 四选一阅读 考点破解课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,解,考,点,破,阅读下列选段,从每题所给的四个选项（,A,、,B,、,C,和,D,）中,选出最佳选项。,1.,段落大意,考点,1,：主旨大意题,真题再练,What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?,A.People remember well what they learned in childhood.,B.Children have a better memory than grown-ups.,C.Poem reading is a good way to learn words.,D.Stories for children are easy to remember.,1.A,段落大意。,解答主旨题，第一步，用略读法,(skimming),找主题句，本段第一句为主题句：,Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.(,成年人通常会惊讶于他们会对自己儿时学过的东西虽然之后从未再练习过但依然记得很清楚。,),；第二步，根据主题句选出答案：选项,A人们对儿时学的东西记得很清楚”与主题句意思相符，故选,A,项。,2.,文章大意,What does this text mainly talk about?,A.Convenience for skiers brought about by private cars.,B.Skiing as a new way of enjoying ones spare time.,C.Things to be considered when starting a ski resort.,D.A sudden increase of ski training classes in Beijing.,2.B,文章大意。,第一步，用略读法,(skimming),抓大意，读第一段首尾句和第二段首句可知大意：追求快乐的中产阶级的迅速增长掀起了滑雪运动新热潮，自,10,年前北京第一个滑雪场开放后，该项运动以惊人的速度增长，现已有十几个滑雪场。第二步，对照各选项选出答案：,A“,私家车的普及给滑雪者带来方便”，,B“,滑雪是享受业余时间的新方式”，,C“,开办一个滑雪场需要考虑的事情”，,D“,北京滑雪培训课程突然增多”；与主题相符的只有,B,项。,3.,文章标题,Which of the following can be the best title for the text?,A.From India to Australia.,B.Living in a New Country.,C.Turning Trash to Treasure.,D.In Search of New Friends.,3.C,文章标题。,第一步，用略读法,(skimming),抓大意，最后一段第一句“那个家庭不但找回了重要文件,”,为主题句，再由汉语注释“垃圾桶”，浏览全文，可知：作者丈夫丢失了重要的文件，有一家好心人从垃圾桶拾到后送还给作者的丈夫。第二步，对照各选项选出答案：,C“,变废为宝”符合。,思路点拨,任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么（即文章的主题），也会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。这类试题主要考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。,主旨大意题包括：,1.,主要内容型：,题干中常含有,main idea,best idea,subject,mainly discuss,等词。,2.,文章标题型：,题干中常含有,title,。标题,就是对文章的主要意思的概括。标题多用短语（特别是名词短语）的形式，且具有以下三个特点：,(1),概括性；,(2),针对性；,(3),醒目性。,(1),表转折的词段落中出现,but,however,actually,while,in fact,on the contrary,in contrast,等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正要表达的观点。,做主旨大意题的关键是要找到文章的主题句，找主题句的方法是略读法,(skimming),，即快速阅读文首、文尾，每段的首尾句等。找主题句，还要特别留意以下五种情况：,(2),表总结的词。如,therefore,thus,in short,conclude,conclusion,等词后内容也可能是主题句。,(3),多次重复的词。如果一篇文章中多次出现某个词，该词就是体现文章主旨的关键词。,(4),实验结论的句子。如their studies show that,或,the experiment shows that,中,that,从句的内容很可能就是主旨。,(5),若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。,解题步骤是首先用略读法找到主题句，然后对照各选项，选出正确答案。,考点练透,1.What would be the best title for the text?,A.Cultural Differences,B.Smiles and Relationship,C.Facial Expressiveness,D.Habits and Emotions,1.C,文章标题。,本段结构是“主题句,+,例证,(for example)”,。第一步，用略读法,(skimming),抓大意，本文首句及第六、七句,(It can alsoIt oftenacross cultures),为主题句：面部表情的意思由所处的情境与相互间的关系来决定，面部表情在跨文化交际时会产生困惑,(,不同文化意思不同,),，综合两者可知“面部表情的含义很丰富”；第二步，对照各选项选出答案：,A“,文化差异”，,B“,微笑与关系”，,C“,丰富的面部表情”，,D“,习惯与情感”，显然,C,项正确。,2.What is mainly discussed in this paragraph?,A.The learning of new words.,B.The importance of old words.,C.The relation of human experience with words.,D.The gradual change and development of words.,C,主要内容。,该段前两句“单词的力量在于它们的关系,我们头脑中的东西。凭我们的经验单词被赋予了意义”是主题句，后面两个,the morethe more,都是它的支撑句；选项,C“,单词与人类经验的关系”符合该主题。,3.What is the text mainly about?,A.Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons.,B.The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.,C.Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.,D.The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.,D,主要内容。,由第一段末句可知，前面描写的鸟类动物叫麝雉，下面几段进一步描写其外貌和生活习性，故选,D,项。,4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?,A.CRM:A New Way to Make Flying Safe,B.Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor,C.The Making of a Good Pilot,D.A Pilot-Turned Doctor,B,文章标题。,本文主题句是第一段中的,but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon(,成为一名飞行员使我成为一位更好的外科医生,),。接着作者叙述当飞行员时学到了,CRM,，第二段讲飞行中运用,CRM,转危为安的经历，第三段讲在手术时运用,CRM,。对照各选项，只有,B,项正确。,5.What can be the best title for the text?,Wild Bees,B.Wax and Honey,C.Beekeeping in Africa,D.Honey-Lovers Helper,D,文章标题。,由第一段最后一句中“,a strange and unexpected helpera little bird”,可知。故选,D,项。,6.Which of the following might be the best title for the text?,A.Family Food Planning,B.Banking on Gardening,C.A Belt-tightening Move,D.Gardening as a Hobby,B,文章标题。,由本段的主题句,(,第一句,),可知，美国人由于高昂的生活成本和衰退的经济，开始从事园艺蔬菜种植来减少家庭的开支，故选,B,项。,考点,2,：事实细节题,真题再练,1.,直接信息题,(2015,新课标卷,21),November 7th,The Canal Pioneers,by Chris Lewis.James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building.Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early“civil engineers”.,When is the talk on James Brindley?,A.February 6th.B.March 6th.,C.November 7th.D.December 5th.,C,直接信息题。,本题问：关于,James Brindley,的讲座什么时候开始？第一步，读题：抓住关键词,when,和,James Brindley,；第二步，用关键词定位相关信息：用,James Brindley,可将答案信息点定位在含,James Brindley is recognized as,的段落；第三步，辨认信息：对应标题已有明确的时间：,November 7th,，故选,C,项。,2.,语意转换题,(2015,新课标卷,I25)Swimming pools,wine tasting,and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours,not 4 in the afternoon)filled the weekend,but the best part particularly to my taste,dulled by months of cold weather root vegetables was at 7 a.m.adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.,What made the authors getting up early worthwhile?,A.Having a swim.,B.Breathing in fresh air.,C.Walking in the morning sun.,D.Visiting a local farmers market.,D,语意转换题。,本题问：是什么使作者觉得早起很值得？,第一步，读题：抓住关键词,what,getting up early,worthwhile,；,第二步，用,early,或,worth,定位相关信息：,butto the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call(,去萨拉索塔农贸市场结果证明非常值得早起,),；,第三步，对照各选项，可知选,D,：早起去当地农贸市场很值得。句中,more than,意为“非常”。文中“,be more than worth the early wake-up call”,与题干中的“,made getting up early worthwhile”,，以及文中的“,at 7 a.m.adventure to the Sarasota farmers market”,与选项,D,中的“,Visiting a local farmers market”,是语意转换。,3.,细节推断题,(2014,年全国卷,I26)Sadly,the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were most abundant,people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain,waited until pigeons had settled to feed,then threw large nets over them,taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.,What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?,A.To seek pleasure.,B.To save other birds.,C.To make money.,D.To protect crops.,C,细节推断题。,本题问：旅鸽被杀的原因是什么？,第一步，读题：抓住关键词,reason,和,to kill passenger pigeons,；,第二步，用,kill,定位相关信息：,找到,killed them by the thousands,顺着读找到该段最后一句“,The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.”(,用船运到大城市卖给饭店,),；,第三步，细节推断,：捕杀旅鸽卖给饭店，为什么？赚钱！故选,C,项。,4.,数字计算题,(2010,新课标卷,55),Ariau Amazon Towers,The Ariau Amazon Towers hotel,Prices,starting at,300 one night for each person for a regular room and going all the way up to,3000 for the Tarzan Suite.,The Ice Hotel,Every winter in Jukkasjarvi,Prices:starting at,318 one night for each person for either a cold room or a warm one.,Propeller Island,Propeller Island City Lodge is,Prices:starting at just,91 a night,and an additional person for only 20 extra dollars.,For two persons spending a night in one of these hotels,they have to pay at least _.,A.,111 B.,182 C.,600 D.,636,A,数字计算题。,本题问：在这些酒店里，两人住一晚最少要花多少钱？,第一步，读题,：抓住关键词,two persons,a night,和,at least,；,第二步，信息定位：,浏览三个酒店的,Prices,，最低的是,starting at just,91,，全句是“,starting at just,91 a night,and an additional person for only 20 extra dollars”,；,第三步，简单运算：,91,20,111,；故选,A,项。,5.,图表信息题,(2010,新课标卷,I56),How much is the admission for a family of two grown-ups and two children,？,A.,9.80.B.,12.00.,C.,14.20.D.,16.40.,B,要求看图找信息。,本题问：一个两大人和两小孩的家庭的门票多少钱？,第一步，读题,：抓住关键词“,a family of two grown-ups and two children”;,第二步，阅读图表,：,Adult,4.90,Child,2.20,Family,12.00(2 adults+up to 3 children),；,第三步，分析图表信息,：家庭票的价格包括两个大人再加至多三个小孩，本题是两大人和两小孩，适合该套票。故选,B,项。,思路点拨,事实细节题针对文中某个细节或某个具体事实提问。答案信息点可能只涉及一个句子，也可能是数句，还可能涉及整段话甚至是跨段落理解。研究近几年高考真题可知，事实细节题包括：,1.,直接信息题。,就是在原文可直接找到答案的题，每年一篇的通知、公告或布告之类的应用文或指导性说明文，多半是这类题。,2.,语意转换题。,在文中不能直接找到现存的答案，正确答案与文中信息虽意思相同但表达方式不同。,3.,细节推断题。,就是在理解文中具体信息的基础上，要进行简单推理才可选出正确答案。,4.,数字计算题。,在文中找到相关数字，进行简单计算得出答案。,5.,图表信息题。,要理解图表上的信息，有的题目还要将图表信息与文字信息相结合才能得出正确答案。,论哪类事实细节题，我们在弄清题目所问之后，第一步在题干中选定关键词；第二步用选定的关键词,(,一般用,1,个或两个,),去文中寻找依据；第三步，仔细阅读找到的信息句及其上下句，对照选项，选出正确答案。可概括为“一定二找三比较”。,考点练透,1.(2015,新课标卷22,）,February 6th,An Update on the Cotsword Canals,by Liz Payne.The Smoudwater Canal is moving towards reopening.The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer.We will have a report on the present state of play.,What is the topic of the talk in February?,A.The Canal Pioneers,B.Ice for the Metropolis,C.Eyots and Aits-Thames Islands,D.An Update on the Cotsword Canals,D,直接信息题。,根据日期,February 6th,下面内容的第一句,An Update on the Cotsword Canals,可知，二月的讲座就是该主题，故选,D,项。,2.(2014,年新课标卷,21)Arriving in Sydney on his own from India,my husband,Rashid,stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.,What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?,A.Go shopping.B.Find a house.,C.Join his family.D.Take his family.,B,直接信息题。,根据“,Rashid,stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children”,可知，作者的丈夫是要找房子，故选,B,项。,3.,（,2015,新课标卷,I29,）Salvador Dali(1904-1989)was one of the most popular of modern artists.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings,sculptures,drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces,most importantly,The Persistence of Memory,.,There is also LEnigme sans Fin from 1938,works on paper,objects,and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artists showman qualities.,What is Dalis,The Persistence of Memory,considered to be?,A.One of his masterworks.,B.A successful screen adaptation.,C.An artistic creation for the stage.,D.One of the beat TV programmes.,A,语意转换题。,由题干中,The Persistence of Memory,可在文中定位信息：,the visitor will find the best pieces,most importantly,The Persistence of Memory,由此可知，在展览的所有作品中，参观者发现一些最好的、其中最重要的是,The Persistence of Memory,，与,A,项中,one of his masterworks(,代表作,),意思相同，故选,A,项。,4.(2015,新课标卷,I32)Conflict is on the menu tonight at the caf La Chope.This evening,as on every Thursday night,psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of Frances favorite pastimes,coffee drinking and the“talking cure”.Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.It isnt always easy.,What are people encouraged to do at the caf La Chope?,A.Learn a new subject.,B.Keep in touch with friends.,C.Show off their knowledge.,D.Express their true feelings.,D,语意转换题。,由本段中“,Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.”,可知，在,La Chope,咖啡馆，人们可以学会“要与自己内心真实的情感触碰”，即，在,La Chope,咖啡馆，人们被鼓励要表达真实情感，与,D,项对应。故选,D,项。,5.(2014,年全国卷,II27),Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs;today in 1995 there are about 6,600.Advanced lights,motors,and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.,What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?,A.They have cut car emissions to the lowest.,B.They have settled their environmental problems.,C.They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.,D.They have reduced pollution through effective measures.,D,细节推断题。,本题问：在环保方面，美国人已经有了什么样的成绩？由问题关键词,achieve,environmental protection,可定位含有相关信息的段落为倒数第二段，即所选段；“,(,环保,),已得到巨大进展。,1995,年，美国已经有了,6600,项再循环计划，还有了许多可用于生活中的先进的节能产品”，根据整段三句话概括可知，美国已经通过有效的措施来减少了污染，故选,D,项。,6.(2008,年全国卷,II,卷,49)For example,some might say,“I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery(,彩票,).It was great.I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!”,This guys a winner,right?Maybe,maybe not.We then discover that he bought,200 worth of tickets,and only one was a winner.Hes really a big loser!,How much did the lottery winner lose?,A.One hundred dollars.,B.Two hundred dollars.,C.Three hundred dollars.,D.Four hundred dollars.,A,数字计算题。,根据“,I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery.”,和“,We then discover that he bought,200 worth of tickets,and only one was a winner.”,可知，此人共买,200,美元的彩票，最后中了一次,100,美元的奖，因此，他实际上损失了,100,美元，故选,A,项。,考点,3,：推理判断题,真题再练,1.,推断隐含意义,(2015,新课标卷,II29)More students than ever before are taking a gap year(,间隔年,)before going to university.It used to be the“year off”between school and university.The gap-year phenomenon originated with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.,That is a record 14.7%increase in the number of students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education,What do we learn about the gap year from the text?,A.It is flexible in length.,B.It is a time for relaxation.,C.It is increasingly popular.,D.It is required by universities.,1.C,推断隐含意义。,本题问：我们从短文中了解了有关间隔年的什么情况？,第一步，找依据,：第一段第一句“,More students than ever before are taking a gap year”,以及最后一段第一句“,That is a record 14.7%increase in the number of students taking a gap year.”,；,第二步，理解字面意思,：“休间隔年的学生比以往任何时候都多”“休间隔年的学生的人数增长了,14.7%”,；,第三步，推断,：间隔年在学生中变得越来越普遍。故选,C,项。,2.,推断写作目的,(2012,年全国卷,II44)Cold weather can be hard on pets,just like it can be hard on people.Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter(,住所,)as they are.Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time,thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors.This can put their pets in danger of serious illness.There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.,Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad,If left alone outside,dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter,What is the purpose of this text?,A.To solve a problem.,B.To give practical advice.,C.To tell an interesting story.,D.To present a research result.,2.B,推断写作目的。,本题问：作者写本文的目的是什么？,第一步，找依据,：第一段最后一句“,There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe”,；,第二步，理解字面意思,：为保持你的动物温暖而又安全，有几件事你是可以做到的；,第三步，推断,：本文的目的是给那些养宠物的人一些实用的建议。故选,B,项。,3.,推断文章出处,(2013,新课标卷,I63)The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.She is quiet but alert(,警觉,).Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully.A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another,this time with the spots differently spaced.As the cards change from one to the other,her gaze(,凝视,)starts to lose its focusuntil a third,with three black spots,is presented.Her gaze returns:she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.Can she tell that the number two is different from three,just 24 hours after coming into the world?,Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer?The same experiment,but with three spots shown before two,shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes,Where does this text probably come from?,A.Science fiction.B.Childrens literature.,C.An advertisement.D.A science report.,3.D,推断文章出处。,本题问：这篇短文可能选自哪里？第一步，找依据：在文中找到关键词,researchers,，,experiment,等；第二步，理解字面意思：研究人员，实验；第三步，推断：本文是研究人员通过实验来得出结论，应是一篇科学报道。故选,