英语修辞--chiasmus(交错配列法).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Chiasmus,-By Emily,One should,eat to live,not live to eat,(,吃饭是为了活着，而活着不是为了吃饭,),Ask not what your country can do for you,ask what you can do for your country.,(,不要问你的祖国能为你做什么，而要问你能为你的祖国做什么,),Chiasmus,Definition,Structure,Function,2.A device that consists of two balanced statements,the second of which reverses the order of the words in the first,with or without a repetition of words,即在两个句法上平行并列的短语或句子中，后项,以相反的顺序重复前项的词语,1.One should eat to live,not live to eat.,(,吃饭是为了活着，而活着不是为了吃饭,),2.For my thoughts are not your thoughts,neither are your ways my ways.,（我的想法不同于你的想法，正如你处事的方式不同于我的方式一样）,Structure,Repetition of the words in reverse order,Repetition of the syntactic elements in reverse order,Repetition of the words in reverse order,1.Trifles make perfection,and perfection in no trifle,.,2 Home is where the,great,are,a,small,and the,small,are,great.,b b a,英语中的,chiasmus,的奇,特之处在于“用,X,标记”的特征或,a b/b a,的格式,Repetition of the syntactic elements in reverse order.,1.He was an angel on the surface,but at heart a knave.,2.To stop to fearful,and too faint to go.,3.Forty is the old age of youth;fifty is the youth of old age.(Victor Hugo),4.Whether we bring our enemies to justice,or bring justice to our enemies,justice will be done.,Function,Chiasmus serves different purposes in different contexts.On many occasions it serves the purpose of,（,1,）,being serious or solemn,（,2,）,witty or humorous.,（,3,）,emphasize something,It often achieves aphoristic effect.,c.Underfed she looks too,potatoes and marge,Marge and potatoes(James Joyce,Ulysses)-,（,emphasis,）,她看上去营养也不良，马铃薯加麦淇淋，麦淇淋加马铃薯,Chiasmus is increasingly used in modern and contemporary English for its diversified rhetorical functions.People inevitable employ chiasmus in meditation of social life because it can express sophisticated ideas,deep thought and even twisted concepts in the complex society.,经典语句,1.Flowers are lovely;love is flower-like.,花朵是可爱的，爱像花朵一样,2.Let us never negotiate out of fear,but let us never fear to negotiate.,让我们永不因畏惧而谈判，但让我们永不要,畏惧谈判,10.,Where there is marriage without love,there will be love without marriage.,哪里有无爱情的婚姻，哪里便有无婚姻的爱情,4.The reasonable man adapts himself to the world,the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself.,明达事理之人总是使自己适应世界，而不明,达事理之人坚持让世界适应自己,5.You forget what you want to remember,and you remember what you want to forget,你忘记了想记住的，却记住了想忘记的,6.A pessimist is one who makes difficulties of his opportunities;an optimist is one who makes opportunities of his difficulties,悲观的人把机会变成困难，乐观的人把困难变成机会,7.Nice to see you,to see you,nice!,8.I flee who chase me,and chase who flees me.,