八年级英语 上册2单元 课件 冀教版 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,I.,英语时间表达法,英语时间通常用以下两种方法表达：,1.,直接表达法,A.,用基数词,+oclock,来表示整点，注意,oclock,须用单数，可以省略。如：,eight oclock,八点钟，,ten(oclock),十点钟,B.,用基数词按钟点,+,分钟的顺序直接写出时间。如：,eleven-o-five,十一点过五分，,six forty,六点四十,2.,间接表达法,A.,如果分钟数少于,30,分钟，可用分钟,+past+,钟点表示，其中,past,是介词，意思是“过”。如：,twenty past/after four,4:20,eight past/after one,1:08,B.,如果分钟数多于,30,分钟，可用（,60,分钟,-,原分钟数）,+to+,（原钟点数,+1,）表示，其中,to,是介词，意思是“差”。如：,8:35,可表示为,twenty-five to nine,差二十五分钟九点，即八点三十五。,注：,A.,当分钟数是,15,分钟时，可用名词,quarter,（一刻钟）表示。如：,7:15,可表示为,a quarter past/after seven,，,12:15,可表示为,a quarter past/after twelve,B.,当分钟数是,30,分钟时可用名词,half,（一半）表示。如：,9:30,可表示为,half past nine,，,3:30,可表示为,half past three,。,C.,若想表明是上午，可在时间后加上,am,或,a.m.,。如：,thirteen past six a.m.,（上午六点十三分）等。若想表明是下午，可在时间后加上,pm,或,p.m.,。如：,four oclock p.m.,（下午四点）等。,D.,若表示的时间不够准确，可在时间前加上介词,about,。如：,about eight,（大约八点）等。,E.,在时间前面应用介词,at,来表示在的意思。如：,at nine,在九点钟，,at about five thirty-five p.m,.,大约在下午五点三十五分等。,II.,现在完成时,一）概说 现在完成时是一种混合时态，跨越两个时间范畴。一个是过去，一个是现在。动作往往发生在过去，但对现在有影响，而这种影响或者结果却是说话人的兴趣之所在，所以常常后面不用时间状语。谓语动词部分的构成为,have/has+done(,过去分词,),肯定式 疑问式 否定式,I have,already,worked.Have I worked,yet,?I have not worked,yet,.,He has,already,worked.Has he worked,yet,?He has not worked,yet,.,We have,already,worked.Have we worked,yet,?We have not worked,yet,.,You have,already,worked.Have you worked,yet,?You have not worked,yet,.,They have,already,worked.Have they worked,yet,?They have not worked,yet,.,二,),意义（用法）,1.,动作在过去发生，但是对现在有影响（或结果），而这种影响（或结果）却往往是说话人兴趣所在，,所以后面常常不出现具体的时间状语。,而出现一些不够明确的副词或介词短语。例如，,just,already,yet,recently,before,lately,never,ever,in the past.,1)The car,has arrived,.,（,The car is here right now.,）,2)The car,arrived,five minutes ago.,3)Someone,has broken,the window.(The window is broken.),4)Someone,broke,the window.(the window may be fixed.),5)I,have told,you before.(You should know that),6),Have,you ever,seen,the sea?(Id like to know something about it.),7)They,have gone,to Shanghai.(They arent here.),They,went,to Shanghai.(We dont know where they are now.),8)I,have seen,some of your paintings.(I know you are good at art.),一般过去时只说明过去，不说明现在，并且经常出现具体的时间状语；而现在完成时的动作虽然发生在过去，但强调的是对现在的影响，往往用的是模糊的副词或介词短语。,They,have gone to,Shanghai.,They,went to,Shanghai last Friday.,I,had breakfast,this morning.(The speaker speaks in the afternoon,or in the evening.The morning is the past),I,have had breakfast,this morning.(The speaker speaks still in the,morning.),2,动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，且有可能继续下去。这种用法一般要求使用延续性动词,，,如,，,live,study,be,wait,keep,常常和,since,或,for,引导的时间状语连用。其他常用的时间状语结构还有,ever since,up to now,until now,by now,so far,in the past/last ten years.,(1)I,have lived,here for more than 30 years.,I,lived,here for more than 30 years.,(2)He,has taught,here since 10 years ago.,He,taught,here for 10 years.,(3)My father,has worn,this watch since he bought it.,(4)My father,worn,this watch for 11 years.,(5)His grandfather,has died/,has been dead,for half a year.,(6)The door,has closed,/has been closed,for two hours.,(7)They,have known/,have got to know,each other for 11 years.,(8)The film,has begun,/has been on,for fifteen minutes.,(9)He,has left,/has been away from,school for two days.,(10)I,have kept/,have borrowed,the book for three weeks.,(11)Mr.Smith and Mrs.Smith,have married/have got,married,/have been married,for fifty years.,现在完成时还可以表示过去某一重复动作I,have been to,Taiyuan,twice.,He,has tried,six times and six times he has failed.,I,have painted,six pictures this week.,Except(but),except for,besides,1.except,是“除了,之外“的意思。,1,）,The shop is open every day,except(but),Sunday.,2)Everyone laughed,except(but),our teacher.,3)All the students,except(but)Li Ming,are,going to the park.,2.exceptfor,主要有三层含义：表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定起部分修正主要意思的作用。,.Yourwritingisquitegood,exceptfor,severalspellingmistakes.,表示非同类事物进行比较。,eg,.Thestreetisempty,exceptfor,severalcars.,置于句首，表达,except,的含义。,Exceptfor,this everythingisinorder.3.besides,表示“除了,.,之外（还有）“的意思。,1,）,We need vegetables,besides,milk and cheese.,We need vegetables,plus,milk and cheese.,2)I have five other history books,besides,this.,I have six books together.,3),Besides,English,he has to learn French.,He has to learn English,and,French.,4)All the students went to Beijing,except,Li Ming.,Li Ming didnt go to the park.,Danny,Jenny went to Beijing,besides,Li Ming.,Li Ming went to Beijing.,一 反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说的事实进行强调或者希望予以确认。这种疑问句由助动词或者情态动词加上主语（与陈述句的主语相同，但是要用代词）。反意疑问句实际上是一种简略的一般疑问句，所以它的回答要使用,yes,或者,no.,陈述句部分如果是肯定结构，后面的反意疑问句要用否定结构；陈述句部分如果是否定结构，后面的反意疑问句要用肯定结构。,(1)Your sister hasnt returned from Tokyo yet,has she?,Yes,she has.,(,不，她已经回来了,),No,she hasnt.,（是，她还没有回来）,（,2,）,We were late,werent we?,Yes,we were.,（是的，我们迟到了）,No,we werent,.(,不，我们没有迟到,),(3)Mickey cant speak Russian,can he?,Yes,he can.,（不，他会说）,No,he cant.,（是，他不会说）,IV.,反意疑问句,如果陈述句没有,be,或情态动词，反意疑问句则用助动词,do(does,),或者,did,have,has,will,shall,等助动词。,(1)John likes tea,doesnt he?,Yes,he does.No,he doesnt.,(2)She didnt tell you,did she?,Yes,she did.No,she didnt.,二,当陈述部分有,hardly(,几乎不,),seldom,（很少）,few,little,no,never,nothing,nobody,nowhere,等否定词或半否定词时,，反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式,。,1)You,hardly,know her,do you?,2)He has,little,money,does he?,如果陈述句部分是带有否定前缀或后缀的介词或者形容词时，反意疑问句部分仍用否定结构。,1)Its,impossible,for him to make such a mistake,isnt it?,他不可能犯这样的错误，是吗？,2)He felt,unhappy,yesterday,didnt he?,3)Jenny looks,unlike,her uncle,doesnt she?,三,当陈述句的主语是指示代词,this,that,时，反意疑问句的主语用,it,代替；指示代词是,these,those,时，反意疑问句的主语用,they,代替,。,1)That isnt a useful book,is,it,?,那不是一本有用的书，是吗？,2)These are important reading materials,arent,they,?,这些都是重要的阅读材料，是吗？,当陈述句部分是,I am,时，反意疑问句部分通常要用,arent I,；如陈述句部分的主语是,I am not,时，反意疑问句部分通常要用,am I,。,1)Im late for the meeting,arent I?,我开会迟到了，是吗？,2)Im not doing well,am I?,当陈述部分是,everyone/everybody,someone/somebody,no one/nobody,none,等表示人的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语多用,they,，但也可用,he,；当陈述部分的主语是,everything,anything,something,nothing,等表示物的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语用,it,。,1)Nobody came when I was out,did,they,?,我在外时，没人来过，是吗？,2)Everything has gone wrong today,hasnt,it,?,今天什么都出问题了，是不是？,当陈述部分是“,there be+,主语,+,其它”结构时，反意疑问部分要用“,be(not)+there”,结构。,1)There are some bananas in the basket,arent there,?,篮子里有些香蕉，是吗？,2,）,There is no water in the bottle,is there,?,3)There has been little rain these days,has there,?,6,、祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除了,Lets,开头的祈使句，疑问部分用,shall we,之外，其余一律用,will you,，在这里并非表示疑问，而是进一步叮咛嘱托。只不过,shall we,也包括说话人在内。,1)Lets go to see the film together,shall we?,我们一起去看电影，好吗？Let us go to see the film together,will you?,我们一起去看电影，好吗？,lesson 9 Dont Be Late for Class!,1.be late for,2.I have painted six new pictures this week.,3.I hope youll show them to me sometime.,Sometime,sometimes,some time,some times,We met each other,sometime,last year.,We meet each other,sometimes,in the park.,We have met each other,some times,in the park.,We talked for,some time,when you were out.,I,have seen,some of your paintings.,I am not good at,painting,.,I have told you before,Jenny.Art is fun for everyone.You dont need to be very good at it.,Hurry,Brian!We dont want to be late for class.,hurry=,come or go quickly,1)He,hurried to school,without breakfast this morning.,2)hurry off,hurry up,Lesson 10 E-mail,All our teacher make us,study,very,very hard.,The picture always makes me,remember,our trip.,She could also make her hair,stand up,with the comb.,but I saw him,smile,.,I watched him,walk out of the room,.,2.Everyone laughed at me,except the teacher.,3.P.E.is short for physical education.,P.E.is the short form of physical education.,4.I have written three e-mails today.,5.The best way,to learn English,is to use it.,The grocery store had many foods,I didnt know,.,We each brought a painting,we made in our art class,.,The boy,in red shorts,is third.,I talked to a girl,named Mary,.,6.You have,helped,me,to learn,English!,She has,helped,me,with,my math homework.,7.Give him or her,her,some good advice on how to learn a subject well.,Lesson 11 Whats your,favourite,subject?,I love learning about people in other countries.It would be fun to study about China.I could learn more about Li Mings home.,Turn out the light!,turn out/off turn on turn up turn down,3.We should stop talking.,Brian stops the children(from)talking.,We should stop to have class.,4.,My groups,favourite,subject,is social studies.,Lesson 12 Tick-tock,The words for the first group are,in red,.,what does this clock say?,It says“,a quarter to three.”,3.What is the time,(by your watch)?,Its,a quarter past three,.,4.Now its three thirty.You can also say“,half past three”,.,Lesson 13 Looking for Lisa,Look for,（丢失的人或者物品）,look up(,查找单词）,find out,（查找真相、线索、信息）,1)You can,look up,the word,in the dictionary.,2)Please,find out,when the next train leaves.,3)Try to,find out,who has broken the window.,2.Is it important to be on time?,on time,in time,from time to time=at times=sometimes,3.What,mistakes,does Danny,make,in the library?,make a mistake,4.They want to work on their project.,work on,从事于，继续作,5.Here are,some more pictures,of Beijing.,1)Are there any more apples?,2)Would you like a little more coffee?,3)I need five more books.I need another five books.,6.Did you get any Chinese,music,?,7.I forgot,to find any Chinese music,.,Library,librarian,shelf,shelves,leaf,leaves,Ill show you,where it is,now.,He is,carrying,a basketball.,bring,take,carry,hold,11.He asks loudly.Be quiet!Keep quiet!,12.1)noise noisynoisily,2)make a/much/no noise,13.I told Lisa we,would work,on our project.,I said we,would meet,at a quarter to three.,He told us he,would go,on a trip on National Day.,14.She is,half an hour,late.,15.I,have looked,in all the rooms in the school.,Have you looked in the gym?No,I havent.Not yet.,16.relax,relaxed,relaxing,17.,Maybe,she is at the gym.She,may be,at the gym.,Lesson 14,Irfan,Studied China!,Which one do you think is the most,interesting?,I,am,most,interested in,Canada.,2.This is my book report,on,the body.Do you like it?,on,关于（专门论述）,about,关于（只是涉及到）,3.My class has,learnt about,China.,4.I like Childrens Day best.We,dont have a day for children.,We have,Mothers Day and Fathers Day,.,5.Our teacher,took us to a Chinese restaurant,and a Chinese grocery store.,6.It had many foods,I didnt know,.,7.Thats a funny name,isnt it,?,Lesson 15 Karens Hair Stood Up!,1.We,gave our talks to,the class about our,favourite,subjects.,We each brought a painting we made in our art class,1)We,each have,an English book.,2),Each,of us,has,a English book.,3.The picture always,makes,me,remember,my holiday.,She could also,make,her hair,stand up,with the comb.,4.He showed us some photos of Beijing.,He showed some photos of Beijing to us.,5.She,played,some Chinese,music.,6.Everyone,was surprised at,it.,Lesson 16,I,have lived,here for 14 years.,I hope you will visit it,sometime,in the future,.,I learn a lot of subjects at school,such,as,Chinese,math.,Of all the subjects,I like English best.,1)He runs fastest,of all the students,.,2)She is the cleverest,of all the girls,.,5.I often,borrow,books,from,the school library.,borrow(,借入）,from.,lend,（借出）,to.,keep,6.Last year I visited Canada and studied there for a few months,Jenny and Danny,helped,me,with,my English.,