Unit 8 Leisure and Sports.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 8 Leisure and Sports,休闲与体育,Passage 1 How people Relax in the UK,Typical popular pastimes in the UK:,Listening to the pop music;,Going to pubs;,Playing and watching sport;,Going on holidays;,Doing outdoor activities;,Watching TV.,Playing Sports,The number of people playing sports has risen:,One third of the adult population regularly takes part in outdoor sport;,About a quarter in indoor sport.,Sporting facilities:,体育运动设施,Local leisure centers:,当地休闲中心,Multi-screen cinemas,Multi-screen cinemas,have become more common and the number of people going to the cinema,increased in the mid-1980s,which had fallen by more than half between 1971 and 1984.,This was despite a large increase in the popularity of,home videos,:Britain has one of the highest rates of home video ownership in the world.,British pubs,Pubs are an important part of British social life and more money is spent on drinking than on any other form of leisure activities.,In a recent survey seven out of ten adults said they went to pubs,one third of them once a week or more often.,Holidays?,Holidays are the next major leisure cost(time and money),followed by television,radio,musical instruments,and eating out.,If they have enough money,people travel more and take more holidays.The number going abroad increased from 7 million in the early 1970s to 17 million in the mid-80s,with Spain still the most popular foreign destination.,Reading?,Reading is still an important leisure activity in Britain.,The biggest-selling magazines in Britain(after the TV guides)are womens and pop music publications.,The best-selling books are not great works of literature but stories of mystery and romantic which sell in huge quantities.,Passage 2 American Holidays,By studying American holidaysit is possible to understand American culture better.,In the U.S.,there are,fedeal,(national)holidays,state holidays and annual events.,Federal Holidays,On,federal,holidays,federal and state offices,banks,schools,and companies close throughout the United States.Most people have day off.There are ten federal holidays now.,State,holidays are legal holidays in a particular state or states.State offices,banks,schools,and companies in that state close.,For,annual events,offices and stores do not close,and people work as usual.,Easter,It falls on a spring Sunday that varies from year to year(on the first Sunday after the first full moon following the northern spring equinox),The resurrection of Jesus Christ;,A day of religious services and the gathering of the family.(Christians),Coloring hard-boiled eggs and candy.(children),Christmas Day,December 25;,Marks the birth of the Christ Child;,Decorating houses and yards with lights,putting up Christmas trees,giving gifts,and sending greeting cards.,New Years Day,January 1;,The celebration of this holiday begins the night before,when Americans gather to wish each other a happy and prosperous coming year.,Thanksgiving Day:American,The fourth Thursday in November,Thanksgiving feast:roast turkey,cranberry sauce,potatoes,pumpkin pie;,Before the meal begins,families or friends usually pause to give thanks for their blessings,including the joy of being united for the occasion.,Independence Day,The Fourth of July;,Honors the nations birthdaythe signing of the Declaration of Independence on July 4,1776;,It is a day of picnics and patriotic parades,a night of concerts and fireworks.,The flying of the American flag is widespread.,Martin Luther King Day,The third Monday of January,which was,declared,a national holiday;,His assassination:1968;,Considered a great American because of his tireless efforts to win civil rights for all people through nonviolent means.,Presidents Day,The third Monday in February;,George Washington,hero of the Revolutionary War and first president of the United States;,Abraham Lincoln,the president during the Civil War.,Memorial Day,The fourth Monday of May;,This holiday honors the dead;,It has become a day on which the dead of all wars,and the dead generally,are remembered;,Special programs held in cemeteries,churches,and other public meeting places.,Labor Day,The first Monday of September;,It honors the nations working people,typically with parades;,It marks the end of the summer vacation season and the opening of,th,school year.,Columbus Day,On October 12,1492,Italian navigator Christopher Columbus landed in the New World.,Although most other nations of the Americans observe this holiday on October 12,in the United States it takes place on the second Monday in October.,Veteran Day,November 11,the day when World War I ended in 1918;,This holiday was established to honor Americans who had served in World War I;,It now honors veterans of all wars.,Veterans organizations hold parades,and the president customarily places a wreath on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at Arlington National Cemetery,across the Potomac River in Washington D.C.,Valentines Day and Halloween:not holidays,On February 14,Valentines Day,Americans give presents,usually candy or flowers,to the ones they love;,On October 31,Halloween,American children dress up in funny or scary costumes and go“tricking or treating”:knocking on doors in their neighborhood.Small gifts of candy or money are given.Adults may also dress in costume for Halloween parties.,Passage 3 Sports in Britain,The British have always been a nation of sport lovers.,Many sports which nowadays are played all over the world grew up to their present-day form in Britain.,Football,horse racing,golf,lawn tennis and rowing.,Association football(soccer),英式足球,The most popular sport in Britain;,Played in most of the schools;,Thousands of amateur teams for young men all over the country;,Most people watch it on Saturday afternoons at the local stadium.,Rugby football,橄榄球,More popular than association football in certain regions;,The traditional game of most“public schools”.,It is played with an oval ball which is carried rather than kicked,and players try to stop the man with the ball by throwing him bodily to the ground.,Cricket:most English of Games,Its comparative slowness and quietness:reflect the English character.,Not nearly as popular as football.,Annual“test matches”between England and other Commonwealth countries,especially Australia.Tennis:,网球运动,The game which both men and women are most likely to play after leaving school is tennis;,Some join a tennis club,but most find a partner and go to one of the thousands of public tennis courts which can be hired by the hour.,The amateur sport has given way to professionalism.,Bowls:,保龄球,The old people,men and women,may be playing bowls on the public bowling-green;,It is a peaceful game,yet one demanding considerable judgment,since the bowls are weighed so as to roll in a slight curve.,Golf:another outdoor game,A game many men and women of all ages become passionately fond of;,Played over an area of countryside containing eighteen small holes,each indicated by a flag,and each one several hundreds of yards away from the next.,Boat race:,赛艇,An annual race between Oxford and Cambridge Universities;,It takes place on a stretch of the River Thames;,It gives rise to weeks of nation-wide comment and discussion every year.,Sports for Gambling,One reason for the great interest in sport in Britain is the Englishmans fondness for a litter“flutter”;,Gambling has always been an integral part of such sports as horse-racing and dog-racing and,in recent times,doing the“football pools”has become a national pastime.,Horse-racing,A betting sport,studied eagerly by many people who seldom see a horse.,The horses are owned and trained by a few rich people,and usually ridden by professional jockeys.,Football“pools”:,以橄榄球比赛的输赢赌博,Football pools provide amusement for millions of people,both men and women.,Filling the pools:forecasting wins,losses and draws on a printed form,takes place during the week;then on Saturdays,all these millions of people listen to their radio or television set to check their forecasts.,Anyone who get them all right will win a very large sum of money.,Passage 4 The Meanings of Football in the United States,American football:,美式足球；橄榄球,America has developed some spectator sports of its own which are little practiced elsewhere,in particular American football and baseball.,American football(1),Football is derived from the English game of rugby,which has been adopted in other English-speaking countries but only in a few parts of Europe(notably in southwestern France).,American football(2),Requires very sophisticated equipment and considerable organization;,A game which cannot easily be adapted to an empty patch of ground where boys use coats for a goal;,It is played at school,but by its nature it tends to attract a rather restricted group of boys,and normally played by those who hope to become serious players.,American football(3),There are many professional football teams,and they play in large,stadia,on Saturday afternoons,often before large crowds.,The game is played with an oval ball;players may carry it and tackle each other(so that one player may throw another down as part of the game).,American football(4),The rules are complicated,and the game is inherently dangerous.Many players have been seriously injured or even killed in the past,but in order to avoid such injuries the most elaborate protective clothing has been developed.,American football(5),With dramatic protection for his head,shoulders and chest,and a visor over his face,a player when fully equipped looks like a ferocious and malevolent visitor from another planet.,American football(6),The average football player looks formidable enough in private life,with his close-cropped hair and well-trained toughness,but a team of these armored giants looks frightening indeed.,Meanings of Football in the U.S.(1),Football in the United States displays themes particularly important in the society:sexuality,technological complexity,coordination,and specialization,as well as the tendency to violence,although that violence is expressed within the framework of teamwork,specialization,and mechanization.,Meanings of Football in the U.S.(2),“The football team looks very much like a small scale model of the American corporation:,compartmentized,highly sophisticated in the coordinated application of a differentiated,specialized technology,turning out a winning product in a competitive market.”,Meanings of Football in the U.S.(3),译文,：橄榄球,球队就像一个小型美国公司：各部划分清楚、在不同的专门技术的协调应用方面非常完善、在竞争激烈的市场中生产出致胜的产品。,The football game is a model of the way their own world works.Because football is a small-scale model of that world,it allows us to understand it.,Meanings of Football in the U.S.(4),It“renders visible and directly comprehensible a system that is far too large and complex to be directly comprehended by any individual.”,How many of us can understand the interconnections among all aspects of the American economic system?,Football is a model of the traditional route to success,Dedication,hard work,and self-sacrifice for the good of others(here,the football team)are held up as the basic principles on which success is based and are the characteristics most praised in individual players.,Football is a model of the traditional route to success,Football is the staging of a real event in which the principles of success are shown to work.The success model is also illustrated in football commentary.The accomplishments of each player are compared with those of others,and the rewards of the systemmoney and recognitionare extended to the players on the basis of their performances.,Football is a model of the traditional route to success,To the extent that football is a model of the real world,the audience sees the actors being evaluated according to objective criteria and rewarded according to performance.This process is at the ideological core of the traditional culture of the United States and is ultimately related to the productive process in the,society.,