援用为行动依据或理由.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Lesson Eight,Were Only Human,Laura,Schlessinger,About the author,Dr.Laura C.,Schlessinger,was born in Brooklyn,New York in 1947.She has a Ph.D.in physiology from Columbia University and a post-doctoral certification in marriage,family and child counseling from the University of South California,where upon graduation she became a faculty member and taught for five years.Dr Laura,Schlessinger,is the recipient of many national awards and the author of many New York Times bestsellers.the present text is an excerpt taken from the book,Courage and Conscience,with some adaptations.,About the text,This text is about the problem of moral principles.In this essay,the authors views are clear and simple:Human beings are different from animals;unlike animals whose behaviors are prompted by instinct,humans act in accordance to their free will;therefore“we are only human”can not be used as an excuse for justifying our wrongdoings.In this article,she mainly focus on how to be a true human elevated above the animal kingdom.In her opinion,we need three Cs:character,courage,and conscience.,Structure,paragraph 1paragraph 3,“Were only human”cant be used as an excuse for our wrongdoings.,paragraph 4paragraph 7,To rise above the animal kingdom we need three Cs.,paragraph 8paragraph 30,The importance and perks of three Cs.,Word study,absorbing,adj.enjoyable and interesting,and holding your attention for a long time,character,n.moral strength,derive,v.to come from or get,sth,from,sth,else,forge,v.to make,develop or shape,sth,forgo,（,forwent,forgone)v.to decide to not do or not have,sth,enjoyable.,割爱,Invoke,v.use,sth,as a reason for ones action,援用,为行动依据或理由,reciprocal,adj.,mutrual,solitary,adj.alone,used to being alone,fond of being alone,Transgression,n.going beyond what is morally or legally accepted,Adam,亚当,Eve,夏娃,Detailed Discussion of the Text,1.Nobody is acknowledged to have victims in groups,(1),People no longer admit that every person has a free will to decide to do or not to do,and therefore should be responsible for their actions or behaviors.According to the behaviorist theory,human behavior is a response to external stimulation,and therefore is genes-determined.In this sense human beings have no free will,they are all victims of these external causes as a group.,2.As if ones humanness the animal kingdom,(2),As if the fact that were human were a kind of detailed plan which determines how we react to situations.This reaction is instinctive and natural just like with all animals,insects,birds.,3.We were put on the earth,ro,rise above the animal kingdom.,（,3,）,God made us to be better than animals.This sentence quoted from Bible is also what the author wants to say.,4.there is something extra“survival of the me”,（,5,）,there is,sth,special about the human mind which can make us go beyond selfish actions which can only be explained by the need for survival.,5self-advancement and self-indulgence and powerful drives,(6),the desire to improve yourself,or achieve your purposes and the desire to enjoy life are very powerful,and natural,inborn and instinctive.,6.the investment concept,(7):ofen people do things to benefit others,so that some day those people will do things to benefit them in retort,so what they do to others today is basically a kind of investment.The author here is very critical about this,and she calls it the investment concept.,7.character,which I once heard defined as“what you are when no one else is looking.”,(8),If you do good things when no one is looking it means that you are doing what youre doing not for returns of any kind but because you feel happier do them.This is now character was once defined,and the author obvious agreed with it.,8.Bachelor party,(9)(Ame E,):a party for men only,esp,the night before a mans wedding.,9.entertainment type women,(9):refers to strippers or prostitutes.10.the inner drive toward self-indulgence over character(16):,the desire to enjoy life rather than defend once character.,11.leap of faith,(17):an act of on instance of accepting or trusting in something that cannot be easily seen or trusted.,eg,:It requires a leap of faith to pursue this unusual step of transplanting an animal beat into a human patient.,12.Courage is to life what broth is to soup,(18).,Courage is as important to life as broth is to soup more.More,egs,:,(1)The communication network is to the nation what the nerve system is to a human body.,(2)Youre to me what water is to the fish.,13.quality time,(27):the time you spend giving your full attention,esp,time you spend with your children after work.,14.a gainful pursuit,(27):A pursuit is,sth,you spend a lot of time on such as sport,art,or academic work.A gainful pursuit is a pursuit from which you gain a lot.,15.internalized fear,(30):fear that has become part of you through learning or socialization.,16.To impose on/upon,sb,:to place,sth,unpleasant on,sb,.,eg,:Teachers sometimes have no choice but to impose strict rules on the students.,Exercises,A:Fill in the blanks with the right forms of given words.,Its one of the _ car manufactures in our country.(lead),WTO _ China to remove its tariffs.(commit),Im greatly _to have the chance to study in your university.(honor),He lost his _and fell down.(balance),B.Translate,你对我就像水对鱼儿一样重要。,手术后他变成了一个植物人。,Keys:,A:1.leading mits 3.honored 4.balance,B1.Youre to me what water is to the fish.,2.After the operation he became a vegetable.,Discussion,Have you ever taken“Im only a human”as an excuse for some of your behaviors?,If have,what do you think of it now?,Keys to the Exercises,(Vocabulary),1.Translate,1)From Chinese into English,to shape ones mind,to honor ones commitment,to sustain life,to raise a family,to make a judgment,to focus ones attention,to devastate the country,to blame the weather,to avoid the sacrifice,to demand justice,to criticize the theory,to condemn the war,to emphasize education,to acknowledge defeat,to sustain economic growth,to restore the building,to cause trouble,to resist the temptation,4.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word,of,for,out,out,5up,of,up,down,at,out of,up,to,away from,on,in,on,by,of,In,stead of,to,to,on,at,in,by,with,For,on,in,7.choice,exact,leading,searching,had been marching,over,reach,where,all,feeling,when,being,almost,than,like,Grammar,plete the sentences,1)by putting the verbs in the right form,quarreling trying dismissed pick up smoking removed to strike happen photographed,burning,2)with the appropriate form of the verbs,smelt,kept,cut,considered,pushed,lying,dye,paint,declared,appointed,labeled,burnt,call,rendered,turned,kept,considered/found,4.translate into English1)using passive verb forms,to be left alone for a while,had been knocked unconscious,was buried deep,can and will be realized,are expected to share household chores,It is generally believed,being criticized in public,being harassed/annoyed by hoodlums,are believed to be genuine,would be found guilty,to be tried by another jury,4.translate into English2)the sentences,The miners nicknamed their union leader“Lefty”.,The media describe the event as epoch-making.,I think it immoral to take advantage of their difficulty.,In those days of poverty,the family kept their dreams alive,Well hold you responsible if anything happens to these children.,We should see setbacks and failures as a necessary part of our lives.,Lying in bed in the dark,he listened to the cold rain beating on the window.,We look upon Professor Lin as instructor,friend and adviser all in one.,Their stories set us wondering what we would do under similar circumstances.,No matter how late she finishes the days work,she leaves everything in their place,To our disappointment,we found the new manager competent,but hard to get along with.,He found himself unable to tolerate the indifference of the city and decided to leave,The computer is often referred to as the most important invention in the last century.,When the bus drove near the oak tree,Vingo,found it covered with hundreds of yellow ribbons.,Michael Dell was made to promise to go back to school if he couldnt launch his own company in the summer.,5.2)Complete the sentences by putting“above”or“over”as you see fit.,above,over,above,over,over,above,above/over,over,above,over,over,above,over,over,above,over,plet each of the following sentences,B,C,B,C,D,A,B,A,B,D,B,B,C,D,B,