句法1——句子成分和句子分类.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,句子成分和句子分类,By,lovemikky,2015,年,7,月,一、句子成分,概述：,组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子成分包括,主语、,谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。,主语,和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须,有主语和谓语）。,（一）句子成分的特点和功能,句子成分,特点和功能,例句,主语,谓语,宾语,表语,1.,是一个句子所叙述的主体，,一般位于句首,。,2.,常用名词或相当于名词的词（动词不定时或动名词）、代词、数词和主语从句充当。,They,are students.,The sun,rises in the east.,太阳在东方升起。,To see,is to believe.,眼见为实。,1.,说明主语的动作、状态和特征，,一般放 在主语的后面,2.,常用动词或动词词组充当,We,study,English.,He,is,asleep.,You,may go,now.,1.,是动作行为的对象或承受者,放在及物动词或介词之后,2.,常用名词或相当于名词的词（动词不定时或动名词）、代词和数词充当,I like,China.,We study,English.,I play with,him,.,位于,系动词（如,be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem,等）之后,表示主语的性质、,状态和特征。,They are,students.,He is,asleep,.,他睡着了。,To see is,to believe.,（一）句子成分的特点和功能,句子成分,特点和功能,例句,定语,状语,修饰限定名词或代词，说明该名词或代词的状态、品质、数量等。,1.,用来修饰动词、形容词和副词等的，表示事情发生的时间、地点、原因、结果、程度等等,2.,修饰动词时，位置在该动词前后均可；修饰形容词或副词，要放在它们之前,The,little,boy needs a,blue,pen.,(,形容词,),小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。,Two,boys need two pens.,（数词）,两个男孩需要两支钢笔,His,name is Tom./,他的名字是汤姆,。（所有格）,The boy,in the classroom,needs a pen of yours.,教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔,。（介词短语）,The boy,sitting under the tree,is Tom.,坐在树下的男孩是,Tom.,（分词短语）,He runs,quickly.,他跑地很快。,She is,very,beautiful.,她非常漂亮。,I will go,there tomorrow.,我明天去那儿。,He works,in this factory,.,（二）练习,说出下列划线部分单词或词组在句子,中各充当什么成分,I dont like the picture on the wall.,My brother hasnt done his homework.,It is a great pleasure to talk with you.,He broke a piece of glass.,He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.,主,谓语,宾语,定语,主语,谓语,谓语,谓语,主,主,主,定语,宾语,宾语,状语,定语,宾语,表语,二、句子的分类（按结构划分）：,简单句并列句和复合句,（一）简单句：句子里只有一个主谓结构，且各个,成分都只由单词或短语构成。共有,5,种结构。,结 构,例 句,主语,+,不及物动词,He smiled.,主语,+,系动词,+,表语,We are Chinese.,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,They study French.,主语,+,及物动词,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,Tom gives me a pen-box.,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,+,宾语补足语,He found the old man dead.,（三）复合句：一个句子里又包含一个或多个句子充当成分的句子。大句子叫主句，充当成分、附属于大句子的句子叫从句。,I believe,that you are right,.,我相信你是对的。,2.I dont know,where he lives,.,我不知道他住哪里。,3.,What I want,is a book.,我所想要的是一本书。,4.The boy,who is sitting under the tree,is Tom,坐在树下的男孩是,Tom.,主句宾语，叫做宾语从句,主语宾语，叫做宾语从句,主语主语，叫做主语从句,主语定语，叫做定语从句,GoodBye,动词的种类,特点和例句,行为动词,或实义动词,连系动词,助动词,情态动词,1.,及物动词：后必须跟宾语,Eg,.They,study English,.,She,eats an apple,every day.,We,raise the flag,every Monday.,我们每周一升旗。,2.,不及物动词：后需加介词才能跟宾语,The flag,rises,.,旗升起来了。,Please,stand,up./Please,come,here.,They,listen,to,English,every morning.,他们每天早上都听英语。,连系动词后跟表语。,助动词无特殊意义，帮助构成否定句、疑问句、正在进行时态、完成时态或被动语态等,常见助动词有,be,do,have,We,dont,like the film.,我们不喜欢这部电影。,（用于否定句）,Tom,is,doing his homework.,汤姆正在做作业。,（用于正在进行时态）,He,has,finished his work.,他已经完成了工作。,（用于完成时态）,情态动词后须跟动词原形。情态动词有,will,can,may,must,need,等,You,may go,now.,你可以走了。,I,will be,there on time.,我会准时到那儿的。,常见连系动词有：,be,become/turn(,变得,),，,look(,看起来,),，,smell(,闻起来,),sound,（听起来），,feel,（摸起来），,taste,（尝起来）等,Eg,.She,is beautiful,./She,is a student,.,His face,turn red,.,他的脸变红了。,Your coat,looks nice,.,你的外套看起来很漂亮。,The music,sounds beautiful,.,这音乐听起来很美。,be,动词、助动词和情态动词变否定形式在其后直接加,not.,行为动词和除,be,动词,以外的系动词，变否,定形式要在其前加,dont,或,doesnt,。,可单独使用,必须与行为动词或系动词连用构成谓语,行为动词,1.They,study,English.,2.She,eats,an apple every day.,3.The flag,rises,.,4.They,listen to,English every morning.,系动词,5.She,is,beautiful.,6.Your coat,looks,nice.,7.The music,sounds,beautiful.,助动词,8.Tom,is doing,his homework.,9.He,has finished,his work.,情态动词,10.You,may go,now.,11.I,will be,there on time.,将下列句子变成否定句。,提示：,1.,行为动词和除,be,动词,以外的系动词，变否,定形式要在其前加,dont,或,doesnt,。,2.be,动词、助动词和情态动词变否定形式在其后直接加,not.,(,studydont,study),(,eatsdoesnt,eat),(,risesdoesnt,rise),(listen,todont,listen to),(,isisnt,),(,looksdoesnt,look),(,soundsdoesnt,sound),(is,doingis,not doing),(has,finishedhas,not finished),(may,gomay,not go),(will,bewill,not be),行为动词,1.They,study,English.,2.She,eats,an apple every day.,3.The flag,rises,.,4.They,listen to,English every morning.,系动词,5.She,is,beautiful.,6.Your coat,looks,nice.,7.The music,sounds,beautiful.,助动词,8.Tom,is doing,his homework.,9.He,has finished,his work.,情态动词,10.You,may go,now.,11.I,will be,there on time.,将下列句子变成一般疑问句,提示：,1.,行为动词和除,be,动词,以外的系动词，变一般疑问句直接在句首加,do,或,does,或,did,。,2.be,动词、助动词和情态动词变一般疑问句，直接将这些词提前。,.,Do,they,study,English,?,Does,she,eat,an apple every day,?,Does,the flag,rise?,Do,they,listen to,English every morning?,Is,she beautiful?,Does,your coat,look,nice?,Does,the music,sound,beautiful?,Is,Tom doing his homework?,Has,he finished his work?,May,you go now?,Will,you be there on time?,练习：对下列句子划线部分提问。,Tom goes to see his grandparents on Sundays.,提示：陈述句变特殊疑问句方法：,1.,对主语进行提问，直接用相应疑问词代替主语，其它都照写。,2.,对非主语部分进行提问，用相应疑问词代词该部分，并将其放在句首，然后将剩下的部分变成一般疑问句。,Who,goes to see his grandparents on Sundays?,Who(m,),does,Tom go to see on Sundays?,When,does Tom go to see his grandparents?,