职业(尤指受过专门训.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,M5U3 Science versus nature,Language focus(2),profession n.,专业，职业（尤指受过专门训,练的，如法律、教学等）,He is a lawyer by profession.,他是职业律师。,Teaching is a profession.,教书是一种职业。,the profession of(a)doctor,医生的职业,exercise the profession of journalism,从事新闻职业,make it a profession to do,sth,.,从事,.,职业,professions of loyalty,效忠的表白,I dont know what profession would suit me.,我不知道什么职业适合我干。,The doctor is respected by his professions.,这位医生受到同行的尊敬。,business commerce trade profession occupation,的含义都与,职业,、,生意,关。,business,是常用语,含义很广,通常指,生意,、,行业,表示,为图利,(,常指为个人谋利,),而做的工作,如,:,do business with many countries,与许多国家做生意。,commerce,多指,商品交易,特指,国与国之间的商业往来,如,:,international commerce,国际贸易,trade,指,买卖或货物交换,常用于,国内外之间的交易,也指,行业,特别是,手工业,如,:,War affects trade.,战争影响贸易。,profession,指,“,需受过特殊教育和训练的脑力劳动的,知识性专门职业,如,:,He is a doctor by profession.,他的职业是医生。,occupation,指训练有素的,“,某人经常从事的工作或做工作,但它不强调某人此时此地是否仍作此工作或者领工资与否,泛指一切职业,如,:,He has no fixed occupation.,他没有固定职业。,Career,n.,职业,：经过选择的职业；需要专门知识或特殊训练的职业或工作,.,生涯，经历,：某人工作经历或事业上取得成就的总的过程或进程：,终身职业,My grandfather was a career teacher;its the only job hed ever done.,我祖父教了一辈子书,教书是他所干过的唯一的工作。,Churchills career,邱吉尔的经历,Tip:,make a career,在事业上有所成就,blind alley occupation,没有前途的职业或工作,do business(with)(,同,.),做买卖,生意,trade away,卖掉,trade in,做,.,生意,经营,by profession,就职业来说,;,在职业上,2 figure,vt,.,考虑,计算,Tip:,figure out,算出,;,了解,;,估计,推测,;,解决,;,领会到,figure out at,总共,.,合计,We must figure out how to solve the problem.,我们必须想出解决这个问题的办法。,I couldnt figure out who the lady with the sunglasses was.,我想不出那位戴墨镜的夫人是谁。,Lets figure out a way to help.,让我们来找出帮助的办法吧,Can you figure out this puzzle?,你能找到谜底吗,?,3.behave vi.,举动,举止,行为表现,Please behave yourself.,请礼貌点儿。,B-yourself!,放规矩点,!,You behaved despicably!,你的行为真卑鄙,!,The boy behaved very well last night.,孩子昨天晚上表现挺好。,The teacher encouraged the children to behave well and not to be a discredit(,丢脸,),to the collective.,老师鼓励孩子们表现得好一些,不要给集体丢脸。,The little boy behaved with great courage in the face of the gunman.,在持枪歹徒面前这小男孩表现得极有勇气。,The children do not know how to behave themselves decently.,小孩子不懂得怎样举止得体。,behavior,conduct,manner,这些名词在构成他人评价的方式时都与人的动作有关。,Behavior,是最通用的：某人在特定场合对他人或在他人面前的行为、举止,time off for good behavior;,现在可以无拘无束；,on their best behavior;,举止出众；,guilty of contemptible behavior.,为可耻的行为而感到追悔。,Conduct,指由伦理道德角度来看的行动：,“,The fate of unborn millions will now depend on the courage and conduct of this army”(George Washington).,“,尚未出生的数以百万人的命运就取决于这支军队的勇气和行动”（乔治,华盛顿）。,“,Life,not the parson,teaches conduct”(Oliver Wendell Holmes,Jr.).,“,是生活而不是牧师，告诉人们该如何行动”（小奥立弗,温德尔,霍姆斯）。,Manner,指人的习惯行为,What manner of person is she?,她是什么样的人,?,4.,judgement,n.,审判,判决,判断力,意见,看法,评价,judge n.,法官,审判员,裁判员,鉴赏家,鉴定人,(J-),最 高的审判者,vt,.,审理,鉴定,判断,判决,断定,认为,vi.,下判断,作评价Tip:,judging by(,或,from),根据,.,来判断,The minister showed a lack of political judgment,大臣表现出缺乏政治判断力,.,He lacks sound judgment(=good judgment),他缺乏准确的判断力,.,Watch carefully and use your judgment.,The company were fined 6 million,following a recent court judgment.,Its too soon to make a judgmentabout what the outcome(,后果,)will be.,Display/exercise/show excellent,judgement,显示出,/,运用,/,表现出卓越的决断力,My,judgement,is that/in my,judgement,.,我的意见是,/,据我看来,.,In my judgment,we should accept his offer.,the Day of,judgement,;the last,judgement,最后审判日,/,世界末日,5.Alternative n.,二中择一,可供选择的办法,事物,adj.,选择性的,二中择一的,I wanted to go out,but I had no money.I had no alternative to staying at home.,我想出去，可是没钱；只能待在家里。,We have no alternative but to go on.,除了继续下去,我们没有选择的余地。,There was no other alternative but to fight till the victory.,除了战斗直到胜利,别无选择。,The way was blocked,so we went by an alternative road.,这条路被挡住了，因此我们走了另一条路。,6.involve,vt,.involved,involving,（常与,in,连用）牵涉；拖累,;,使陷入,Dont involve other people in your trouble.,别把别人牵涉进你的麻烦中去。,All the children were involved in the school play.,所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的剧。,This lesson involves a lot of work.,这一课需要做的工作有很多。,be involved in trouble,卷入纠纷,be involved in disaster,陷入不幸,He was involved in working out a plan.,他专心致志地制订计划。,Tip:,be involved in,包含在,.;,与,.,有关,;,被卷入,;,专心地,(,做,),be involved with,涉及,become involved in,卷入,陷入,get involved with,给,.,缠住,7.Cost n.,成本,价钱,代价,vt,.,价值为,(,使,),花费,(,金钱,时间,劳力等,),使失去,(,生命,健康等,),令人付出,vi.,花费,cost price,成本价格,The cost of living is going up.,生活费用在提高。,The cost of the house was too high for me.,对于我来说，这房子的价格太高了。,He saved his daughter at the cost of his life.,他以牺牲自己的生命挽救了女儿。,How much did that bag cost?,那个书包要多少钱？,The job was,costed,by builder at about$1500.,这件活儿施工人员估计要,1500,美元。,Your crime will cost you your life.,你的罪行将使你失去生命。,Tip:,at all costs/spare no expense,不惜任何代价,(=at any cost),at a cost(of),以,.,的代价,花,.,at the cost of=at the expense of,以,.,为代价,用,.,换来的,;,丧失,;,牺牲,Cost,(n v),办事所花费金钱,、,所需付给的价钱,.,Expense,(n),旅游、建房或宴会等活动的一切开,销、开支,常用复数,8.on ones part,在某人方面,;,就某人来说,;,讲到某人,=on the part of,sb,.,take the part of,sb,.,支持某人,袒护某人,=take,sb.s,part,9.definitely adv.,明确地,干脆地,确切地,无疑地,definite adj.,明确的,一定的,a definite article,定冠词,(the),I cant tell you definitely when I will come.,我不能肯定地告诉你我什么时候来。,He is definitely coming.,他一定来。,definitely speaking,确切地说,The team will definitely lose if he doesnt play.,如果他不参加比赛,这个队肯定会输。,Can I come?You definitely must.,我可以来吗,?,你一定得来。,10Relation n.,关系,联系,叙述,故事,亲戚,relationless,adj.,Some of my relations,my mothers aunt and uncle,live in America.,我有些亲戚，如我母亲的姑姑和叔叔,住在美国。,the relation between wages and prices,工资和物价的关系,friendly relations,友好关系,They have business relations with our firm.,他们和我们公司有生意来往。,Tip:,have relations with,和,.,有,(,某种,),关系,have relation to,有关,;,和,.,有关系,in with relation to,关于,.,就,.,而论,make relation to,提及,.,读到,.,relation by marriage,姻亲,裙带关系,11.manage to do,sth,=succeed in doing,sth,.,try to do,sth,try doing,sth,12.conduct n.,行为,操行,v.,引导,管理,为人,传导,guide,conduct,lead,作为动词在一起比较的一般含义是“领”、“导”或“引”。,guide,(,抽象名词,guidance,，具体名词,guide“,向导”,),是通用词，可以用于“为别人带路”、“指导别人的学习、品行修养”，它的内涵是避免走弯路或遇到危险,Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return,journery,to the other world.,数千只灯笼慢慢向大海漂去，给死人返回阴间指明道路。,At the top of the bank my guide paused and looked back at me.,我的向导在河岸上稍停了一下，并且回头看了看我。,He is now studying under the guidance of Professor Green.,他现在正在格林教授的指导下学习。,conduct,(,抽象名词,conductance,“,传导力”，具体名词,conductor“,向导者”，公共汽车等的“售票员”,),在表示“指导”、“引导”时含有明显的主从关系，即被引导者不服从是不可以的,The policeman eventually had his hands tied up and conducted him to a shelter.,警察最后把他的双手绑了起来并把他带到一个防空洞。,Do you prefer conducted tours or independent travel?,你是喜欢跟着导游还是喜欢独立地去旅行？,lead,(,抽象名词,leadership,“,领导”，具体名词,leader“,领袖”、“领队”,),可以表示“领导”、“带路”，但它总含有领导者走在前面，而把被领导者控制在自己的权威之下，或被领导者处于秩序井然的状态中的意思,Our guide led us through a series of caves.,我们的向导带领着我们穿过一个接一个的洞穴。,13.majority n.,多数,半数以上（常与,of,连用）,a/the majority of+,n(pl,)/,pron,+v(,复数,),a/the majority+v(,单数,/,复数,),我们班大多数孩子是棕色眼睛，只有三个是蓝眼睛。,The majority of children in our class,have,brown eyes;only three have blue eyes.,大多数医生认为吸烟有害健康,.,The majority of doctors,believe,smoking is harmful to health.,大多数人喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机,.,A/The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio.,大多数人赞成这个建议,The majority was/were in favor of the proposal.,大多数任反对这项计划,.,The majority,is/are,against the plan.,He was elected by,a large majority,by a majority of 3240.,他以大,多数票,超过对方,3240,票,当选。,He won by a large majority.,他以大多数票赢了,.,The minority(,少数,),is,subordinate to the majority.,少数服从多数。,14.advocate n.,提倡者,鼓吹者,vt,.,提倡,拥护,支持;主张;建议;辩护,Tip:,advocate doing,sth,.,He advocates building more schools.,他主张多建几所学校。,Our premier advocates higher salaries for teachers.,我们的总理 主张提高教师的工资。,Do you advocate banning cars in the city centre,你支持禁止汽车在市中心通行这一主张吗,?,I advocate a policy of regular reform.,我,拥护,这逐步改革的政变,.,15.Conclude v.,结束,终止,决定,作出结论,vt,.,推断,断定,缔结,议定,Tip:,to be concluded(,连载的文章,),下期次登完,to conclude,最后（一句话）,We conclude that.,我们断定,.,To conclude,Id like to express my thanks to my family.,The report concluded that the school should be closed immediately.,The doctor concluded that the patients disease was cancer.,医生断定病人患的是癌症。,The judge concluded that the accused was guilty(,有罪的,),.,法官判定被告有罪。,The meeting concluded at ten oclock.,会议于十点钟结束。,lt,is hard to conclude.,这很难断定。,We concluded not to wait any more.,我们决定不再等待了。,Conclusionn,n,终结,结局,结论,;,决定,;,推断,;,缔结,come to a conclusion/reach a conclusion/arrive at conclusion(=decide something),得出结论，,draw a conclusion(from something),(=decide something because of information you have),得出结论,lead to/point to/support the conclusion that(=make you decide that),做出决定,jump to conclusions,(=decide something too quickly,without knowing all the facts),冒然断定，过早下结论,16.urge,vt,.,催促,力劝,n.,强烈欲望,迫切要求,v.,促进,Tip:,urge,sb,.to do,sth,.,劝某人做某事,urge,sb,.into doing,sth,.,urge that,sb,.(should)do,sth,.,强烈要求某人做某事,他极力劝她学习物理,He urged her to study physics.,=He urged her into studying physics.,=He urged that she should study physics.,He urged her to rest.,他催促她休息。,She urges me to take steps in the matter.,她催我处理此事。,When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette,it was more than I could bear.,当我的老朋友布赖恩怂恿我接受一支香烟时,我实在熬不住了。,He urged the necessity for immediate action.,他极力主张马上采取必要的行动。,urge a horse on onward,赶马往前跑,17.Seek,vt,.,vi.sought,seeking,(,常与,for,after,连用）,搜寻，寻找，寻觅,We sought an answer to the question,but couldnt find one.,我们寻求这个问题的答案，可是没能找到。,They are seeking the most reasonable diet which will do good to their health.,他们在寻找有益于他们健康的最合理的饮食。,After seeking out the rude assistant she asked for the same dress.,她认出那个粗鲁无礼的售货员之后,要他拿那同一件衣服看看。,seek a college education.,努力获得高等教育,请 求，要求,I will seek my doctors advice.,我将请教医生的意见。,seek directions from a police officer.,向警官询问方向,尝试；试图；企图,He sought to make peace.,他企图讲和。,I have never sought to hide my views.,我从不企图隐瞒自已的观点。,往或朝,而去：,Water seeks its own level.,水往低处流。,Seek and you will find.,找一找，你就会发现,Tip:,seek shelter from rain,寻找避雨的地方,seek ones home,回家,seek ones bed,就寝,seek ones fortune,碰运气,;,发大财,try ones fortune,碰运气,seek ones advice,征求建议,seek for a solution,寻找解决办法,Tip:,seek to do,sth,企图干谋事,seek after truth,追求真理,play hide-and seek,捉迷藏,seek fame,求名,seek help,求助,18.practice Un.,实行,实践,Cn,.,练习,训练,;,惯例,习惯,practise,v.,练习,实习,实践,实行,操持,(,专业等,),竭力想,利用,(,某人之轻信等,),实施,practical,adj,实行的,;,实用的,;,实际的,Tip:,practise,doing,sth,练习做,in practice,实际上,put,sth,.into practice,将,付诸实施,from practice to knowledge,从实践到知识,combine theory with practice,把理论与实践相结合,retire from practice,从业务中退休,no longer,iin,practice,不再执业,make a practice of doing,养成做,的习惯,惯常做,19.perform,vt,履行,执行,完成,(,事业,),进行表演,演奏,演出,performance n,performable adj.,可执行的,可完成的,可演出的,Tip:,give a performance,演出,put on performance,perform ones duties,尽责任,perform a play,演一出戏,The doctor performed the operation.,医生进行手术。,You should always perform what you promise.,你应永远履行你的诺言。,We should not only promise but(also)perform.,我们不但应该承诺,而且要做到,.,20.limit n.,界限,限度,限制,vt,.,限制,限定,limited adj.,有限的,unlimited adj.,无限的,无约束的,There is a limit to everything.,凡事都有限度。,limit the expense to 1,000 dollars,把开支限制到,1,000,美元,Our holidays are limited to two weeks.,我们的假期被限制在两个星期,.,我们都知道,人的生命是有限的,而知识却是无限的,.,As we all know,a persons life is limited,but knowledge is unlimited.,21.favor n.,好感,宠爱,关切,欢心,好意,喜爱,vt,.,支持,赞成,照顾,促成,象,喜欢,证实,赐予,in favor of,sb,.=,-In support of;approving:,支持；赞同：,-To the advantage of:,有利于,We are in favor of her promotion to president.,我们赞成她升为总裁,The court decided in favor of the plaintiff(,原告,).,法庭的判决有利于原告,We are in,favour,of the reform.,我们赞成改革,.,I talked to my friend about it,and hes all in favor of giving up the plan.,我和我朋友谈过,他完全赞同放弃计划,.,Tip:in favor of,sb,支持；赞同：,i,n,sb,favour,有利于,do,sb,.a,favour,帮某人一个忙,ask a,favour,of,sb,.,求人帮忙,May I ask you a favor?,我可以请您帮个忙吗？,Will you do me a favor and phone for me?,你能否帮个忙给我打个电话？,22.argue vi.,争论,争辩,辩论,argue for against a proposal,辩论赞成,反对,某项建议,He argues soundly.,他争辩得很有道理。,They tried to argue him into joining them.,他们试图说服他参加。,Her accent argues that she is from,Dalian,.,她的口音表明了她是大连人。,Tip:,argue with,sb,.about/over,sth,和某人 辩论,争论,某事,argue on,辩论,争论,某事,argue against,反驳argue for,赞成,;,为,.,而力争,argue,sb,.into doing,sth,说服某人,(,做某事或接受某种意见,),argue,sb,.out of doing,sth,说服某人不做某事,打消某种念头,23.turned out,结果：,那是一个艰难的是期,但最终结果不坏,.,It was a difficult time,but eventually things turned fine.,蛋糕最后做出来很漂亮,The cake turned out beautifully.,结果那家伙是我朋友的弟弟,.,That guy turned to be my friends brother.,我没有想到,结果证明我错了,.,To my surprise,it turned out that I was wrong.,24.follow in ones footsteps,追寻某人的足迹,He has hopes of following in the footsteps of Yang,Liwei,and becoming an astronaut.,他希望追寻扬利伟的足迹,成为一名宇航员,.,25.very “,同一的,正是的,”,This is very mobile phone I lost yesterday.,这正是我昨天丟失的手机,.,就在那个时候,他出现了,.,He came up,at that very moment.,这就是他的原话,.,These are the very words he used.,26.meet ones needs,满足某人的需要,meet ones requirements,满足某人的要求,我们要买更多的电脑来满足学生的需要,.,We will buy more computers to meet the,needs of the students.,27.Spell n.,vt,.,招致,带来,Their unwise investment could spell financial ruin.,他们所作的不明智的投资可能导致经济上的损失,Delay spells losses.,拖延招致损失。,Those dark clouds spell rain.,那些乌云意味着下雨。,雨水缺乏会给农民带来灾难,.,The lack of rain could spell disaster for farmers.,