考研辅导.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,考研翻译辅导,Lecture 1,-by,王瑞,singthe0148,Studies serve for delight,for ornament,and for ability.Francis Bacon,读书可以怡情，可以博彩，可以长才。,-,培根,I.Verb predominance in Chinese,Chinese,often in topic-comment structures,employs frequent use of verbs in its sentence construction.Typical structures include coordinate clauses each having an independent verb of its own,successive-verb structures(,连动结构),and object-and-subject-in-one structures(,兼语式结构),晴雯先接出来，笑道：“好啊，叫我研了墨，早起高兴，只写了三个字，扔下笔就走了，哄我等了这一天，快来给我写完了这些墨才算呢！”,II.Predominance of nouns and prepositions in English,Ex:We are all,in favor of,your suggestion.,Ex:Hard pressed by his father,John told the truth,in spite of,his wifes warning.,Ex：,晴雯先接出来，笑道：/“好啊，/叫我研了墨，早起高兴，/只写了三个字，扔下笔就走了，/哄我等了这一天，/快来给我写完了这些墨才算呢！”,Qing-wen,greeted,him,with a smile,exclaimin,g,“A fine one you are!,On the spur of the moment,you,bade,me,grind,ink for you this morning.But you,threw down,your brush and,went away,after,having written,merely three characters.Youve,kept,me,waiting,for you the whole day.You,are to use up,this ink now.,Be quick,!”,III.Static,vs,Dynamic,He,smokes,cigarettes one after another.,He is a,chain-smoker,of cigarettes.,Shanghai is,constructing,an overhead railway.,An overhead railway is,under construction,in Shanghai.,名词归为静态，动词为动态。英语倾向于使用名词，以静态占优。汉语动词使用较多，汉语句子动态叙述占优。,He,eats,a lot.He is,a big eate,r.,He,visits,the museum regularly.He is,a regular visitor,of the museum.,We watched with delight,how deftly Brown painted his daughter,.,It is a delight for us to watch,Browns deft painting of his daughter,.,IV.Implications for Translation,1,Conversion between nouns in English and verbs in Chinese,Ex:Their chief use of delight,is,in,privateness,and,retiring,for,ornament,is,in discourse,;and for,ability,is in the,judgement,and,disposition of,business.（,Of Studies,Francis Bacon）,廖运范：人们,独居,或,隐退,的时候，最,能体会,到,读书,的乐趣；,谈话,的时候，最能,表现出,来,读书,的文雅；,判断,和,处理,事务的时候，最能,发挥,由,读书,而,获得,的能力,王佐良：其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际,。,Ex:In the cities there were,strict curfews,empty hotels,abandoned streets,and,office buildings,looters,trigger-happy patrols,and,all the rest,.(,War and Remembrance,by Herman,Wouk,),各处城市都严格实行宵禁，饭店旅社都已人去楼空，大街小巷行人绝迹，办公大楼门可罗雀，歹徒趁火打劫，巡逻队动辄开枪杀人，完全是一片兵荒马乱的景象。,Ex:Eisenhower later recalled,when,MacArthur,felt slighted he was capable of expressing himself in“an explosive denunciation of politics,bad manners,bad judgment,broken promise,arrogance,unconstitutionality,insensitivity,and the way the world had gone to hell.”(,The Glory and the Dream,by William Manchester),艾森豪威尔后来回忆往事时说，只要麦克阿瑟感到友人对他不够尊重，就“发起脾气来，破口大骂人家好耍权术，不懂礼貌，乱出主意，出尔反尔，狂妄自大，违反宪法，感觉迟钝，麻木不仁，如今世道真是见鬼，等等。,Ex:,这种生活方式已被越来越多的年轻人接受，并受到欢迎。,The life style has found,growing popularity and acceptance,among youngsters.,Ex:,许多家长担心，如果没有电视，孩子会要求和他们一起玩。,Many parents are worried that without TV,their children would like them to be their,entertainers,.,Ex:,很重要的是听取别人意见，虚心接受批评。,It is important to be a good listener,and to take criticism well.,2,Conversion between adjective in English and verbs in Chinese,Ex:,第一回是民国元年我初到北京的时候。（社戏）,The first time was in 1912 when I was new to Beijing.,Ex:,种子不落在肥土而落在瓦砾中，有生命力的种子决不会悲观和叹气，因为有了阻力才有磨炼。(夏衍夏草),The seed does not choose to fall on fertile land but among debris.If the seed is full of life,it is never pessimistic or sad.,Ex:,生产力低下，政策又不当，加上自身努力不够，是造成农村地区贫穷的主要原因。,Low,productivity,inappropriate,policies,and,inadequate,effort contribute mainly to poverty in rural areas.,Ex:,有人建议降低政府开支，提高教师工资。,Some suggested lower government spending and higher wages for teachers.,Ex:,只有加强与世界的联系，中国才能继续执行她的对外开放政策。,The policy of Chinas opening to the world can only be continued by its closer ties with the world.,3,Conversion between prepositional phrases in English and verbs in Chinese,Ex:,On account of,John,I decided to refuse the job.,考虑到约翰，我决定,不接受,这个工作。,Ex:,指挥官表扬他有勇气。,The commander praised him for his courage.,Ex:,他们朝大街走去，经过许多商店，穿过一个大广场，然后进了一座大厦。,Towards the street they went,past stores,across a broad square,and then into a huge building.,Ex:,李小二夫妻两个，,捏着,两把汗。（水浒传）,Xiao-er,and his wife were in a cold sweat.,Ex:,原是一个老军,看管,。,An old army man was in charge,.,Ex:,孔明笑,曰,：“吾料曹操于重雾中必不敢出。”（三国演义）,Kongming,said,with a laugh,“I doubt if,Cao,Cao,will come out in this heavy fog.”,Ex:,二诸葛看了看历书，又掐指,算,了一下说：“今日不宜栽种。”（小二黑结婚）,Kongming,the Second,having checked the almanac and counted,on his fingers,announced,“Today is unsuited for sowing.”,4,Conversion between participles in English and verbs in Chinese,Ex:,由于通货膨胀，社会不满情绪不断加剧，在此情况下，政府不得不放慢改革步伐。,Amid,mounting,social discontent over inflation,the government had to slow its reforms.,Ex:,游行的人拿着鲜花和彩旗在街道上行进。,The parade marched in the street,carrying flowers and banners in their hands.,不久，他捧着那本书回来了。,Very soon,he came back,holding that book in hand.,Ex:,西安为陕西省省会，位于陕西省的中心，是我国中西部主要的工业、科技、文化、教育、商业、金融中心。全市辖七区六县，面积9983平方公里，人口640万。,Located in the heart of,Shaanxi,as the capital of the province,Xian is a major industrial,scientific&technological,cultural,educational,commercial and financial centre in central and western China.Covering 9983 sq.km,with a total population of 6.4 million,the city exercises jurisdiction over 7 districts and 6 counties.,中文散点透视,Cavalier Perspective，,流水句格局，各分句按照时间事理顺序平行铺排，无明显句法形态标记全句无焦点，结构松散，句法关系不明。不同思维方式，不同文化传统，审美习惯的反映。,英文焦点透视,Focus Perspective，SV,为主干构成全句中心，通过动词为焦点，围绕,SV,中心进行空间搭架，外部形态分明。,Case Study,Chinas vast size and resources,her extraordinary economic progress over recent years,have made her an increasingly important player in the modern international economy.,Because of this,because of Britains own huge stake in the world economy,we need to take a real interest in China.,Since economic reform began in 1978,an average growth rate of almost 10%a year has seen Chinas GNP nearly quadruple.,The rewards for the people of China are clear,most visibly in the dynamism and prosperity of Peking and the coastal cities.,For the international community,the most striking consequence of these changes is that China has grown to be the words eleventh largest economy,and is set to grow further.,Chinas rapid emergence as a major world actor is a tribute to the drive and entrepreneurial spirit of her people,and more particularly to the fundamental economic reforms she has pursued over the past two decades.,It is a clear testimony to the success of the open door policy led by Mr.Deng Xiaoping.,Thanks!,