大英博物馆PPT.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,按一下以編輯母片標題樣式,按一下以編輯母片,第二層,第三層,第四層,第五層,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,British Museum,History,Architecture,Departments,History,The British Museum is a museum of human history and culture in London.Its collections,which number more than 7 million objects,are amongst the largest and most comprehensive in the world and originate from all continents,illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginning to the present.,Sir Hans Sloane,founder of the British Museum,The origins of the British Museum lie in the will of the physician,naturalist and collector,Sir Hans Sloane,(1660-1753).Sloane wanted his collection of more than 71,000 objects,library and herbarium to be preserved intact after his death.He bequeathed it to King George II for the nation in return for payment of 20,000 to his heirs.If refused,the collection was to be offered to,centres,of learning abroad.A large and influential group of Trustees was charged with overseeing the disposition of his estate.,Sir Hans Sloan,On 7 June 1753 King George II gave his formal assent to the Act of Parliament which established the British Museum.,The British Museum was the first of a new kind of museum-national,belonging to neither church nor king,freely open to the public and aiming to collect everything.,Left to Right:,Montagu House,Townley Gallery and,Sir Robert Smirke,s west wing under construction(July 1828),In the early days of the British Museum the collection was divided in three:Printed Books(including prints);Manuscripts(including medals);Natural and Artificial Productions(everything else).,In the early part of the nineteenth century there were a number of high profile acquisitions.Theseincluded the,Rosetta Stone,(1802),the,Townley,collection of classical sculpture,(1805),and the,Parthenon sculptures,(1816).,The nineteenth century:expansion and discovery,In 1823 the gift to the nation by George IV of his fathers library(the Kings Library)prompted the construction of todays quadrangular building designed by Sir Robert,Smirke,(17801867).,By 1857,both the quadrangular building and the round,Reading Room,had been constructed.,The twentieth century:providing a public service,The twentieth century saw a great expansion in public services.The first summary guide to the Museum was published in 1903 and the first guide lecturer was appointed in 1911.,By the 1970s,there was an active,programme,of gallery refurbishments and an education service and publishing company had been established.,In 1973 the library became part of a new,organisation,the British Library.This,organisation,remained at the Museum until 1997,when the books left Bloomsbury for a new building at St,Pancras,.,Architecture,The core of todays building,the four main wings of the British Museum,was designed in the nineteenth century.Other important architectural developments include the round Reading Room with its domed ceiling and the Norman Foster designed Great Court which opened in 2000.,The entrance to the museum,By the start of the nineteenth century,Montagu House could no longer contain the Museums vastly increased collection and the trustees set up a Buildings Committee in 1802 to plan for expansion.,The first extension,the Townley Gallery,was constructed 1804,-8 to provide space for the classical sculpture collection of Charles Townley and for Egyptian antiquities.,Built in the,Palladian styl,e,(,16世纪意大利建筑家,-,帕拉第奥建筑型式,),it was located in the space currently occupied by the southern section of the Egyptian Sculpture Gallery,(,浅浮雕）,.It was demolished in 1842-6 to make way for the Smirke building.,King Edward VIIs galleries,King Edward VIIs galleries were designed by Sir John Burnet(1859-1939),in the,Beaux Arts style.,They face Montague Place to the north and were intended as the first phase of an expansion of the Museum which aimed to replace all surrounding properties,the freeholds of which had been purchased from the Bedford Estates in 1894-5.However,protection orders on surrounding buildings mean that the scheme can now never be completed.The foundation stone was laid by King Edward VII in 1907 and the building was opened by King George V and Queen Mary in 1914.,Kings Library,The Kings Library was a royal collection of books created by King George III anddonated to the nation.A gallery,named after the collection,was built at the British Museum in 1827 to house them.It is the oldest room in the Museum and now home to,the permanent exhibition,Enlightenment:Discovering the world in the eighteenth century,.,The original collection and gallery,Restoring the Kings Library gallery,The Great Court,Designed by Foster and Partners,the Queen Elizabeth II Great Court transformed the Museums inner courtyard into the largest covered public square in Europe.It is a two-acre space enclosed by a spectacular glass roof with the world-famous Reading Room at its centre.,The British Museum,Great Court,博物馆外观,大英博物馆南入口,白翼大楼,Departments,Department of Ancient Egypt and Sudan,Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities,Department of the Middle East,Department of Prints and Drawings,版画和素描馆,Department of Asia,Department of Africa,Oceania and the Americas,Department of Coins and Medals,Department of Prehistory and Europe,史前及欧洲馆,Department of Conservation,Documentation and Science,Libraries and Archives,Egyptian,Sulpture,-,Colossal bust of Ramesses II,拉美西斯二世头像（1818年由英国驻埃及总领事捐献，是割地赔款时拿的）,Department of Ancient Egypt and Sudan,Egyptian Sculpture,-,Colossal granite head of Amenhotep III,法老阿孟霍普特三世头像（1823年购得）,Department of Ancient Egypt and Sudan,Rosetta Stone,埃及,罗塞塔碑,（,拿破仑,在埃及溃败后,英国,获得的一批埃及文物中最珍贵的一个抢来的。）,Department of Ancient Egypt and Sudan,The Parthenon Galleries,-,Temple of Athena Parthenos(447-438 B.C),帕台农神庙的大理石雕刻,(,1816年通过割地赔款获得，希腊人目前要求归还，但英国人不还,),Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities,花 瓶 底 部,Portland Vase,波特兰花瓶,Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities,波特兰花瓶,(Portland Vase),波特兰花瓶，罗马宝石玻璃制品，作与西元,1,世纪；现藏大英博物馆。,制作时期：罗马帝国时期,在深蓝色玻璃上饰以白色图案的古罗马花瓶,(1,世纪,),，是现存最精美的古罗马宝石玻璃制品,(cameo glass),。,18,世纪时属波特兰公爵所有。在维多利亚时代有很多的仿制品。其中以威基伍德,(Josiah Wedgwood,1790),和诺思伍德,(John Northwood,1876),仿制的最为逼真。,The Department of Prints and Drawings contains the national collection of Western prints and drawings,in the same way as the National Gallery and Tate hold the national collection of paintings.It is one of the top three collections of its kind in the world.There are approximately 50,000 drawings and over two million prints dating from the beginning of the fifteenth century up to the present day.,Department of Prints and Drawings,Ku Kai-chih,东晋顾凯之,Department of Asia,顾凯之,Department of Asia,Mandarin fish,(,元代鳜鱼图案青花瓷盘,),Department of Africa,Oceania and the Americas,著名的藏品：,大英博物馆藏道教人物像大英博物馆藏,元代鳜鱼图案青花瓷盘埃及罗塞塔碑（,Rosetta Stone,，拿破仑在埃及溃败后英国获得的一批埃及文物中最珍贵的一个，抢来的。）雅典帕一农神庙的,大理,石雕刻（,1816,年通过割地赔款获得，希腊人目前要求归还，但英国人不还）法老阿孟霍普特三世头像（,Amenhotep,）（,1823,年购得）拉美西斯二世头像（,Ramesses,）（,1818,年由英国驻埃及总领事捐献，是割地赔款时拿的）弗兰克斯首饰盒（,Franks,）（,1867,年获得，是割地赔款时拿的）波特兰花瓶（,Portland Vase,）夏洛蒂,勃朗特留学,比利时,布鲁塞尔追求教授写的的情书，夏洛蒂,勃朗特当家教时追求有妇女之夫的教授的情书。夏洛蒂,勃朗特谩骂简奥斯丁的信笺原稿。,夏洛蒂,勃朗特在报纸上与众三流写手对骂的照片,Necronomicon,亚尼的死者之书,镇馆之宝,这幅画作为陪葬品放在亚尼的墓中，全长二十四公尺，用长达六十章的篇幅，描绘死者在来世获得永生所需的咒文和约定事项。本书截取亚尼在死者之国接受生前善行和恶性审判的一段，为整卷画作中最精彩的部分。,收,藏家佛里斯班士于,1887,年在尼罗河中游克索西岸的墓室中发现，是众多以草纸记录的,死者之书,当中保存最好、最出色的，堪称为古埃及美术中至于极致的作品，也是古埃及生死观的明白表现。所谓,死者之书,，及记载死者为获永生所必经的各种磨练、审判、所需的咒文以及到最后获得永生的画卷，通常以草纸绘成。,埃及死者在通向复活之路时，必须於棺木中置放,死者之书,。死者之书大部分以纸莎草写成，记录死者生平好恶，以及,奥西里斯,Osiris,的审判等情节。,死者之书,通常为长卷形式，依财富多寡，分成数十个，甚至更多的段落。流传至今最有名的为,亚尼的死者之书,，最有名的段落则是秤心仪式。,