nounclause.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,What He Did Last Night?,What he did last night,remains a secret.,I dont know,what he did last night,I have no idea,what he did last night,I have to find out,what he did last night,What really puzzles me is,what he did last night,功能,例词,从属,连词,只,起,连接作用，不充当从句中的任何作用。,that,whether,if,，,as if,（,只用于表语从句）,功能,例词,连接,代词,既起,连接作用，本身又作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。,Who,whom,whose,what,which,功能,例词,连接,副词,既起,连接作用，本身又做从句的状语。,when,where,why,how,用,how,组成的词组，如：,how many,how much,1,、主语从句,(1),That I will question him tonight,is certain.,(2),Whether he is coming home or not,tonight,is not clear.,(3),What upset me most,was to quarrel with him.,(4),Which team will win the match,is a,matter of public concern.,(5),Where she has gone,is not known yet.,当主语从句较长时，多放在句子后部，用,it,作形式主语。,以,it,作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有：,1.It+be+,形容词,+that,从句,It is/was certain that clause,clear,important,necessary,probable,possible,（,1,）,It is certain,that she will do,well in her exam.,（,2,）,It is obvious,that he has told the police everything.,2,、,It+be+,名词词组,+that,从句,It is/was a pity that clause,shame,duty,(1)It is a pity,that we cant go.,(2)It is no surprise,that our team should,have won the game.,3,、,It+be+,过去分词,+that,从句,It is said that clause,reported,thought,hoped,believed,known,(1)It is said,that he is the best,student in the class.,He,is said to,be the best,(2)It is thought,that Joe drives,badly.,Joe is thought to drive badly,4,、,It+seem,happen,appear,等不及物,动词,+that,从句。,(1)It seems,that Alice is not coming to,the party at all.,(2)It happened,that I was out that day.,(1)This,was,what Tom was reading.,(2)The truth,is,that I have never been there.,(3)It,looks,as if it is going to rain.,(4)The reason why he was late,was,that he got up late.,(5)This,is,how we overcame the difficulties.,(6)That,is,why she was absent yesterday.,(7)The house,is,where Lu,Xun,once lived.,2,、表语从句：,比较下列句子,：,He didnt come.,It is,because,he was ill.,He was ill.That is,why,he didnt come.,The reason,(why he didnt come),was,that,he was ill.,because,与,why,均可引导表语从句，但含义不同。,because,引导的表语从句说明理由。而,why,引导的表语从句是在前面已说明了理由的情况下加以小结。,3宾语从句,1,、用作及物动词的宾语,(1)They pretended,that they were reading in the room.,(2)I didnt know,what they were talking about.,(3)Do you know,why winter is colder than summer?,(4)He couldnt tell,where his home was.,(5)John made the boy sit still,promising,that nothing would hurt him.,引导宾语从句的连词,that,常可省去，特别在口语中是这样。,注意：,whether,和,if,引导的宾语从句：,whether,和,if,引导宾语从句时可以互换使用，但下列情况用,whether,不用,if,。,（,1,）,在,whether or not,结构中不可用,if,代替,whether,I dont know,whether or not hell come.,I wonder,whether it is true or not.,（,2,）介词后面的宾语从句用,whether,，不用,if,Everything depends on,whether the situation will improve.,（,后面要讲到介词后面的宾语从句）,（,3,）引导主语从句和表语从句用,whether,不用,if,Whether well go,depends on the weather.,The question is,whether it is worth doing.,(4)whether,可用在不定式前，,if,则不能,.,She is still hesitating,whether to tell her Mum the truth,2,、用作介词的宾语从句：,I was pleased,by,what he told me.,He always pays attention,to,whatever the teacher says.,He talked about,how he helped the old woman to find her missing son.,注意：介词的宾语从句一般不用,which,和,if,来引导，而要分别用,what,和,whether,来引导。如：,Are you sorry for what youve done?,Everything depends on whether we have enough experience.,不可用,if,which,不可以,这类形容词常见的有,sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied,等。,(1)I am sure,that you looked beautiful that evening.,(2)We were not surprised,that he returned three days later than expected.,3,、用作某些表语形容词的宾语从句：,注意：如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语，则用,it,作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如：,(1)We thought,it,strange,that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.,(2)He has made,it,clear,that anyone who breaks the law is to be punished.,这种句型的谓语动词有,think,make,feel,find,consider,.,think/make/feel/find/consider+it+,形容词,/,名词,+,真正的宾语从句,I am going to find out:,_ he was,_ he was with,_ he did,_ he came back home,_ he came back so late,_ he came back,by taxi or in someones car,last night,I wonder_ he will tell me the truth tonight.However,I will make it clear_ he has to tell me the truth,or there will be trouble in the house.,I feel sorry _ you all consider him a bad guy because he is not.,where,that,when,why,how,what,whether,that,whom,4,、同位语从句,同位语从句在句中作某些名词的同位语，这些名词常见的有：,fact,news,hope,truth,idea,suggestion,thought,question,order,problem,belief,doubt,fear,等,。引导同位语从句的连词通常有,that,和,whether,what,why,how,等。,(1)They expressed the,hope,that they would come over to visit China again.,(2)We all know the,truth,that the earth goes round the sun.,(3)The,fact,that she had not said anything,surprised all of us.,(4)They asked me the,question,whether the work was worth doing.,(5)The,problem,whether the plan is suitable or not,has not been decided yet,.,试,比较：,He made the suggestion,that the second question should be discussed first.,（同位语从句）,The suggestion,that he had made,was not accepted.定语从句）,注意：同位语从句和定语从句的区别是：前者说明名词的内容，后者说明名词的性质特征；前者所用连词,that,不是从句的一个成分，后者所用关系代词,that,是从句中的一个成分。,以上是名词性从句例题解析，下面就运用名词性从句时要注意的几个方面作以归纳：,1.,语序,在名词性从句中，,从句一律使用陈述语序。,特别要注意由连接代词和连接副词引导的从句,(what,who,which,when,where,now,why,等,),不可因特殊疑问句的影响而用了疑问句语序。如：,(1)I wonder,who she is.,(2)The question is,when well,complete the works.,(3),Whether she is coming or not,doesnt matter too much.,2.,时态：,注意,从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致关系。,在宾语从句中，当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可以根据需要用各种时态。如：,Mary says that,Tom isnt lazy.,Tom is doing well in his lesson.,She will ask Tom some questions.,Tom may fall behind the others.,She missed us very much.,She was writing a letter.,She would visit the Great Wall.,She said that,如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，则宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。如：,如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理，其谓语动词则仍用一般现在时。如：,(1)The teacher said,that light travels much faster than sound.,(2)The old man said,the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,在主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句中，也要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致性。关键要,注意动作发生的先后关系,。如：,(1)Who,will,be sent abroad,has not been decided.,（,主句是现在完成时，从句是一般将来时）,(2)The earth of today,is,not what it,was,millions of years ago.,（,主句是一般现在时，从句是一般过去时,),在动词,think,believe,expect,suppose,guess,等后带,that,宾语从句时，若从句是否定句，常将否定词,not,转移到主句中。如：,3,、宾语从句的否定转移：,I dont think(that)it will be cold today.,We dont think you can do it,can you?,注意：这类句子后若带有附加疑问句，应采用肯定形式来反问，反问部分应于从句主语一致。,I dont believe she know it,does she?,1.My hometown is no longer_it,used to be.（）,练习题：,A.that,B.what,C.when,D.which,B,2.They wonder_ their son was,getting along with his study.（）,A.whether,B.that,C.what,D.how,D,3._ he is living now is not,known to anybody.（）,A.When,B.If,C.Whether,D.Why,C,4.Word came _ I was invited,to attend the meeting.（）,A.which,B.when,C.where,D.that,D,5.The fact _ we were interested,in _ all of them.（）,A.that;was surprised,B.which;surprised,C.what;was surprised,D.when;surprised,B,6._ the scientist who gave us a,talk will go abroad.（）,A.It said that,B.It says when,C.It is said that,D.He is said,C,7.He told me _ there.（C ）,A.that has been happened,B.that happened,C.what had happened,D.what had been happened,8._ I cant understand is _ he,changed his mind.（B ）,A.That;that,B.Whatwhy,C.Which;how,D.That;why,B,9._ his brother is?（A ）,A.What do you suppose,B.What you suppose,C.What do you suppose that,D.You suppose that,10.The reason _ he didnt come to school yesterday is _ he had to look after his sick mother at home.,（）,A.that;because,B.why;for,C.for;that,D.why;that,D,11.We all know the truth _ the,earth _ round the sun.（）,A.if;moved,B.that;moves,C.why;move,D.whether;move,B,12._ he said at the meeting is,very important to us.（）,A.That,B.What,C.Which,D.Whether,B,13._ the baby could speak made,his parents very happy.（）,A.That,B.What,C.Why,D.If,A,14.All the books are hereYou may,borrow _ you like.（C ）,A.which,B.what,C.whichever,D.that,C,15.Each of the blind men trusted,that he knew _.（）,A.how the beast looked like,B.how was the beast like,C.what was the beast like,D.what the beast was like,D,16.That is _ he was often late,for school.,（,）,A.what,B.that,C.why,D.whether,C,17.What do you think of China?,_ different it is today,from _ it used to be?（）,A.How;what B.What;what,C.How;that D.What;that,A,18.I wish I _ the meeting held,last week.（）,A.attended,B.had been able to attend,C.could attend,D.was able to attend,B,19._ is well known _ much progress has been made in China in the past twenty years.,（）,A.What;what,B.It;that,C.It;what,D.That;that,B,20.He suggested that we _ to,the cinema.（）,A.go,B.shall go,C.are going,D.will go,A,Thank You!Good Luck to You All!,