雅思写作讲稿3-写作.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,雅思写作,石家庄雅思语言培训学校,郝立英,一、英语作文存在的主要问题,1,、单词拼写错误单词拼写错误率极高，许多同学甚至出现很低级的错误。,ture,(sure),idear,(idea),crete,(create),chioce,(choice),ourself,(ourselves),stroy,(story),agaist,(against),等。,2,、词语搭配不当或用词不准确。,look book(read the book),look the film(see the film),Many people cost much money(spend much money),prefer to seeing the film(prefer to see the film),spend us a short time(takes us a short time),after read the book(after reading the book),write skill(writing skill),3,。画蛇添足在全文结束时画蛇添足,加上一句错误的问句，让人大倒胃口。比如,:Are you agree?/So what do you choice?,4,。汉语式英语在书面表达中所体现的中文式思维是极为普遍的现象。如：,Seeing the film will save much time,6,）语言平乏，词汇档次欠高不少同学大脑记忆库词汇量储存不够，难以灵活运用语言，导致语言平乏，同一种表达重复较多。,7,）文章缺乏连贯性有些同学在词汇的运用和内容的表达上都基本达到要求，但由于句与句，段与段之间没有添加恰当的连接成分，使句子之间和段落之间缺乏必要的过渡和衔接，影响了表达的效果。,8),死背范文死背范文，表达不灵活。例如，不管题材，都以“,Nowadays.is becoming more and more popular.”,总的来说写作水平欠佳体现在：,1,、与内容无关2,、句子构架搭不起来，意思出不来。如：,They learn how to drink,We can not dress ourselves,.,3,、行文不连贯。如：人称使用前后矛盾，如,“,wethey,”,不分。不会用连接词语等。,4,、缺少谓语动词。如：,He very happy very much.,5,、拼写错误，行文潦草，无法看清、看懂。,6,、语言不得体：不看对象，不看场景，用语不当。,7,、标点混乱；人称代词及时态、语态乱用。,8,、内容要点不全，缺项，整体结构不完整。,9,、文段多于或少于规定的字数。,10,、格式不规范。,什么是好的英语作文？,1,、行文连贯流畅,人称、时间、地点、情节交待有层次。,2,、恰当使用连接词语。如：,and/or/but/so/not only,but also,/however/besides/otherwise/like/in the same way/unless/in case/as long as/on one hand,on the other hand,等词或短语。,3,、语句简明扼要，无或少词语重复。,4,、行文整洁，字体规范。,5,、尽量写出与题目有关的词语。,二、写作步骤,Step1,：,确定文体,常用文体有记叙文、说明文，还有应用文如书信等。提供的形式多以图画、提纲、表格出现，书写的格式大都是书信、通知总之，应根据写作提示分析材料，确定文体。,Step2,：,确定时态和人称,要根据选好的文体和写作内容确定时态。一般来说，记人叙事多用一般过去时；发布通知多用一般将来时和祈使句式；发表议论大多用带有情态动词的一般现在时；人物介绍、现状说明常用一般现在时和现在完成时。定准时态后接下来一定要知道各时态的构成及用法要点，但要记住，写作时时态并不惟一，要依据表达内容而选定。,Step3,：,确定所需主要词汇和所用表达结构,在以上“两确定”的基础上，应该根据文章体裁和内容逐个地确定写作要点。对于图画和图表可在草稿纸上用中文列出。理清要点，然后选词造句，对列出的要点逐一翻译。这时要注意力求语言准确得当。平时写作要多进行发散思维，如是用,very sorry,还是,terribly sorry,；是,surprised,还是,astonished,。同时考生应学会尽可能使用较高级的语法结构和词汇，如非谓语动词、复合句等。最大限度地完美文章。,Step4,：,整理成篇 行文连贯,接下来要根据内容分清文章的层次，确定详略，将写好的单句要重新排列组合起来，使之前后连贯成一篇完整的文章。同时选用恰当的关联词使文章过渡自然，行文流畅。另外，根据内容编排，该分段时要分段，使表达清楚，一目了然。行云流水，整齐划一。,三、英文作文必背之,35,个句型,一、,the+,est,+,名词,+(that)+,主词,+have +ever+seen(known/heard/had/read,etc)the most+,形容词,+,名词,+(that)+,主词,+have+ever+seen(known/heard/had/read,etc),例句：,Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.,海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。,Mr.Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.,张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。二、,Nothing is+,er,than to+V Nothing is+more+,形容词,+than to+V,例句：,Nothing is more important than to receive education.,没有比接受教育更重要的事。,三、,cannot emphasize the importance of too much.(,再怎么强调,.,的重要性也不为过。,),例句：,We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.,我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。四、,There is no denying that+S+V.(,不可否认的,.),例句：,There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.,不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。五、,It is universally acknowledged that+,句子,(,全世界都知道,.),例句：,It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.,六、,There is no doubt that+,句子,(,毫无疑问的,.)There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.,毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。七、,An advantage of is that+,句子,(.,的优点是,.),例句：,An advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create(produce)any pollution.,使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。八、,The reason why+,句子,is that+,句子,(.,的原因是,.),例句：,The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide uswith fresh air./The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can,supply fresh air for us.,我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。,九、,So+,形容词,+be+,主词,+that+,句子,(,如此,.,以致于,.)So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.,时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。十、,Adj,+as+Subject(,主词,)+be,S+V(,虽然,.),例句：,Rich as our country is,the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.by no means=in no way=on no account,一点也不,十一、,The+,er,+S+V,the+,er,+S+V The+more+,Adj,+S+V,the+more+,Adj,+S+V,(,愈,.,愈,.)The harder you work,the more progress you make.,The more books we read,the more learned we become.,我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。,十二、,By,+Ving,can (,借着,.,，,.,能够,.),例句：,By taking exercise,we can always stay healthy.,借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。十三、,enable+Object(,受词,)+to+V(.,使,.,能够,.),例句：,Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.,听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。十四、,On no account can we,+V (,我们绝对不能,.),例句：,On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.,我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。,十五、,It is time+S+,过去式,(,该是,.,的时候了,),例句：,It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to,solve the traffic problems.,该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。十六、,Those who (.,的人,.),例句：,Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.,违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。十七、,There is no one but (,没有人不,.),例句：,There is no one but longs to go to college.,没有人不渴望上大学。,十八、,be+forced/compelled/obliged+to+V(,不得不,.),例句：,Since the examination is around the corner,I am,compelled to give up doing sports.,既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。十九、,It is conceivable that+,句子,(,可想而知的,),It is obvious that+,句子,(,明显的,),It is apparent that+,句子,(,显然的,),例句：,It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role,in our life.,可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。二十、,That is the reason why (,那就是,.,的原因,),例句：,Summer is sultry.That is the reason why I dont like,it.,夏天很酷热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。,二十一、,For the past,+,时间，,S+,现在完成式,.(,过去,.,年来，,.,一直,.),例句For the past two years,I have been busy preparing for the examination.,过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。二十二、,Since+S+,过去式，,S+,现在完成式。例句：,Since he went to senior high school,he has worked very,hard.,自从他上高中，他一直很用功。二十三、,It pays to+V (.,是值得的。,),例句：,It pays to help others.,帮助别人是值得的。,二十四、,be based on(,以,.,为基础,),例句：,The progress of thee society is based on harmony.,社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。二十五、,Spare no effort to+V(,不遗余力的,),例句：,We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.,我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。二十六、,bring home to+,人,+,事,(,让,.,明白,.,事,),例句：,We should bring home to people the,valueof,working hard.,我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。,二十七、,be closely related to (,与,.,息息相关,),例句：,Taking exercise is closely related to health.,做运动与健康息息相关。二十八、,Get into the habit of+,Ving=,make it a rule to+,V(,养成,.,的习惯,),We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.,我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。二十九、,Due to/Owing to/Thanks to+N/,Ving,(,因为,.),例句：,Thanks to his encouragementI finally realized my dream.,因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。,三十、,What a+,Adj,+N+S+V!=How+,Adj,+a+N+V!(,多么,.,！,),例句：,What an important thing it is to keep our promise!,How important a thing it is to keep our promise!,遵守诺言是多么重要的事！三十一、,Leave much to be desired(,令人不满意,),例句：,The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.,我们的交通状况令人不满意。三十二、,Have a great influence on (,对,.,有很大的影响,),例句：,Smoking has a great influence on our health.,抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。,三十三、,do good to(,对,.,有益,),，,do harm to(,对,.,有害,),例句：,Reading does good to our mind.,读书对心灵有益。,Overwork does harm to health.,工作过度对健康有害。三十四、,Pose a great threat to (对,.,造成一大威胁,),例句：,Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.,污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。三十五、,do ones utmost to+V=do ones best(,尽全力去,.,),例句：,We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.,我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。,三十三、,do good to(,对,.,有益,),，,do harm to(,对,.,有害,),例句：,Reading does good to our mind.,读书对心灵有益。,Overwork does harm to health.,工作过度对健康有害。三十四、,Pose a great threat to (,对,.,造成一大威胁,),例句：,Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.,污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。三十五、,do ones utmost to+V=do ones best(,尽全力去,.,),例句：,We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.,我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。,三十三、,do good to(,对,.,有益,),，,do harm to(,对,.,有害,),例句：,Reading does good to our mind.,读书对心灵有益。,Overwork does harm to health.,工作过度对健康有害。三十四、,Pose a great threat to (,对,.,造成一大威胁,),例句：,Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.,污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。三十五、,do ones utmost to+V=do ones best(,尽全力去,.,),例句：,We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.,我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标,。,四，连接词的分类和运用,连接词的分类和运用,连接词,是指在文章中用来说明上下句或前后两个意思之间关系的词或词组。连接词通常用于开篇，引出扩展句；也可用于句中，尤其是用于较长的复合句中，以作为上下文的连接纽带；还可以置于文末或段末，用于总结上文或结束本段落的内容。,1,、表示平行、对等或选择关系：,and,bothand,as well as,as well,neithernor,or eitheror,not onlybut also,等,He loved swimming when he was a small boy,and,at eight he became a member of the diving team in Guangdong Province.,I dont know about others,but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes,as well,.,2.,表示转折关系的连接词语有：,but,yet,while,however,on the contrary,on the other hand,in spite of,nevertheless,although,otherwise,等,On the other hand,40%think that fee should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers.,While,they were working,my sister walked to a river nearby.,3.,表示因果关系的连接词：,for,so,therefore,as a result,because of,due to,owing to,thanks to,on account of,等,He stopped us about half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender.,So,come on,stand here.He didnt work hard,as a result,he failed in the exam.,4.,表示时间顺序的连接词：,at first,first,second,then,next,later,meanwhile,in the end,finally,after that,since then,for the first time,at last,eventually,as soon as,the next moment,，,shortly after,for one thing,for another thing,等,After that,I went to No.6 Middle School of,Dalian,and graduated this summer.,The next moment,the car hit the man while he was crossing the road,。,5.,表示空间顺序的连接词：,on the right,to the left,on one side of,on the other side of.At the foottopend of,in the middlecenter of,等,On one side of the road,there is a new classroom building.,On the other side,where the playground used to be now,stands another new buildingour library,In it,there are all kinds of books,newspapers and magazines.,6.,表示解释说明的连接词：,that is(to say),in other words,such as,for exampleinstance,namely,actually,to tell you the truth according to this,and so on,等,I can follow my own interests,such as,reading books,visiting museums and taking computer lessons.,In other words,I love my hometown and the people there.,7.,表递进关系的连接词：,whats moreworsebetter,besides,in addition,worse still,to make things worse,moreover,furthermore,above all,not only but also,become necessary to build,Whats more,it will gates and walls,In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers.,Whats more,I can go to bed earlier.,In addition to,meeting the need of markets at home,its products are shipped to many countries.,8.,表示总结的连接词：,in short,in brief,in a word,in general,as you know,as far as I know,on the whole,to sum up,等,In short,things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce the learning load.,In a word,great changes have taken place in our village.,连接词在文章中起着重要作用，千万不可忽视！,五，写作中怎样使用复杂结构和高级词汇,一,.,复杂结构,:,1.,使用适当的时态,2.,适当的语态,3.,使用不定式,4.,使用过去分词,5.,使用,V.+ing,形式,6.,使用名词性从句,7.,使用状语从句,8.,使用定语从句,9.,使用虚拟语气,10.,使用强调句,倒装句,感叹句,11.,使用并列句,一）、怎样运用复杂结构：,1.,改变时态,The bell is ringing now.(,一般,),2.,改变语态,People suggest that the conference be put off.(,一般,),There goes the bell.(,高级,)It is suggested that the conference be put off.,(,高级,),3.,使用不定式,4.,使用过去分词,He is so kind that he can help me.(,一般,),He is so kind as to help me.,(,高级,),She walked out of the room and many students followed her.(,一般,),Followed by many students,she.,(,高级,),Once it is seen,it can never be forgotten.(,一般,),Once seen,it can .,(,高级,),5.,使用,v-,ing,形式,When he arrives please give me an e-mail.(,一般,),If the weather permits,Ill come tomorrow.(,一般,),On his arriving/arrival,please give.,(,高级,),Weather permitting,Ill come tomorrow.,(,高级,),Now our school has three teachers.They teach 48 pupils.(,一般,),Now our School has three teachers,teaching 48 pupils.,(,高级,),It disappointed everybody that he didnt turn up.(,一般,),I happened to have met him.(,一般,),6.,使用名词性从句,The fact that he didnt turn up disappointed everybody.,(,高级,),It happened that I had met him.,(,高级,),To his surprise,the little girl knows so many things.(,一般,),What surprised him is that the girl.,(,高级,),7.,使用状语从句,I wont believe what he says.(,一般,),If you come back before six oclock,you can go out.(,一般,),The meal was very nice.We all enjoyed it very much.(,一般,),No matter what he says,I wont believe.,(,高级,),You can go out on condition that you come back before.,(,高级,),The meal was so nice that we all.,(,高级,),8.,使用定语从句,The girl is spoken highly of.Her composition was well written.(,一般,),The girl whose composition was well written was spoken highly of.,(,高级,),I studied Chinese,maths,English,physics,chemistry and computer at school.(,一般,),The subjects I studied at school included Chinese,maths,English.,(,高级,),9.,使用虚拟语气,The ship didnt sink because there were the efforts of the captain.(,一般,),I wasnt invited to the party,so I didnt attend it.(,一般,),If I had been invited to the party,I would have attended it.,(,高级,),But for the efforts of the captain,the ship would have sunk.,(,高级,),10.,使用强调句、倒装句、感叹句,Regular radio broadcasts began in 1920.(,一般,),It was not until 1920 that regular radio.,(,高级,),Weak as I am,Ill make the effort.,(,高级,),Though Im weak,I will make the effort.(,一般,),How glad we were to see the crops and.!,(,高级,),We were glad to see the crops and vegetables growing very well.(,一般,),11.,使用并列句,If you go through the gate,youll find the entrance to Bear Country.(,一般,),Go through the gate,and youll find.,(,高级,),I got up late this morning,otherwise I could have caught the early bus.,(,高级,),I got up late this morning.I didnt catch the early bus.(,一般,),The more he spoke,the more excited he felt.,(,高级,),When he spoke,he felt more and more excited.(,一般,),At the news of her death,he went.,(,高级,),She has trouble in pronouncing the word,.,(,高级,),Whose turn is it to be on duty today?,(,高级,),When he heard she had died,he went pale with sorrow.(,一般,),She cant correctly pronounce the word.(,一般,),Who will be on duty today?(,一般,),怎样运用高级词汇：,二）、怎样运用高级词汇：,As a result,the plan was a failure.(,一般,),She went to Austria in order to study music.(,一般,),Because the weather was good,our journey was comfortable.(,一般,),The plan turned out to be a failure.,(,高级,),She went to Austria for the purpose of studying music.,(,高级,),Thanks to the good weather,our journey.,(,高级,),She doesnt like sports.,She cares nothing for sports.,We had to go home.,What we had to do was go home.,三）、写作常见错误分析：,1.,句子缺谓语,1)The building like a match box.,2)He told me that all my classmates sitting in the classroom.,1)A worker of the farm lead us to the field.,2)All the students like books that was written by Lu,Xun,.,2.,主谓不一致，尤其是单数第三人称作主语时，谓语的单复数形式出现错误。,3.,时态错误,4.,词性混用,1)When he came back,he found that his wife has gone to bed.,2)What are you doing this time yesterday?,1)She enjoys study English.,2)If anyone against the plan,please let me know.,5.,介词误用,6.,冠词误用,1)In my surprise,he has got the first prize.,2)He came here to attend the meeting by a new car.,3)Dont read under the sun.,1)We elected Li,Hua,the monitor of the Class Five.,2)Once upon a time,there was an one-eyed lion.,3)The history is actually a very interesting subject,.,7.,名词的数混淆,8.,动词用法错误,1)It is rare to see such a nice weather in Beijing.,2)There is always traffic jam.,1)Where are you come from?,2)When I arrived Hong Kong,my mother was there waiting for me.,3)He didnt notice the teacher to come into the classroom.,4)The accident was happened in 1999.,9.,习惯用法错误,1)The actor in this movie is very beautiful.,2)I and My parents were working in the fields at that time.,3)The reason is because he does not know what to do next.,10.,句子之间的逻辑关系不清,误：,It hit the old man down but the