大学英语四级写作专题.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,大学英语四级写作专题辅导,大学英语四级作文评分标准,一、评分原则,1,CET,检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级和六级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。,2,CET,作文题采用总体评分,(Global Scoring),方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分,(Award Scores),，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。,3,从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而合适地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。,4,避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分；该给低分给低分，包括零分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。,5.,字数不足以应酌情扣分。,二、评分标准,1,本题满分为,15,分,2,阅卷标准共分五等：,2,分、,5,分、,8,分、,11,分及,14,分。各有标准样卷一份。,3,阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数,(,如,8,分,),相似，即定为 该分数,(,即,8,分,),；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数则可加一分,(,即,9,分,),或减一分,(,即,7,分,),。但不得加或减半分。,分数档,4,评分标准,2,分,(33),条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。,5,分,(39),基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。,8,分,(45),基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。,11,分,(57),切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。,14,分,(67),切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。,注：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给,0,分。,CET4,写作评分标准,高分作文,基本要求：,思想表达正确，语义连贯，无重 大语言错误,高分要求：,句型的多样性,经典词组短语的运用,亮点词汇,写作题型,议论文,1.,主题型（,topic,）,健康对人类的幸福必不可少；,如何保持健康；,结论,2.,观点对比型（,A&B,）,有人认为，英语对中国经济发展很重要；,另有人认为，英语对中国经济发展没有意义；,我的观点,说明文,很多人不注重日常卫生习惯；,不注意卫生习惯的后果；,如何解决这一问题,写作题型,描写文（图表作文）,描写图表内容（现象）；,分析现象的原因；,观点或解决办法,应用文（包括书信、便条、通知、海报等）,主题；,相关细节；重申主题,写作原则,内容简单化（“简单”是指适合在,30,分钟内表达）,结构模式化（主题句,-,分论点,-,总结）,语言要包装,错误要回避,写作技巧,宏观结构,三段式,开头要开门见山，写出主旨句；,段落内部结构：主题句,+,扩展句（,+,结尾句）,微观结构,学会遣词造句,词汇,准确使用词汇，在此基础上尽量使用高级词汇,多使用词组、短语,恰当运用过渡词汇,避免多次重复使用同一词汇，可以用同义词或同根词替代,句型,注意变化句式,简单句复合句交叉使用,适当使用插入语，倒装句等,恰当使用修辞,建议,平时多注意收集有用词汇句式,注意模仿,题目：,BicyclesAn Important Means of Transport in China,提纲：,（,1,）为什么自行车在中国这样普及,（,2,）和汽车的比较,（,3,）自行车在中国的前途,模板的提炼过程：思路和表达,Bicycles are very popular in China.,Almost every family in the city has two or three bicycles.During the rush hour,you can see that thousands of people-man and woman,old and young-ride their bicycles to work and study.,That is why China is called“the kingdom of bicycles”.,单复数错误：,man and woman men and women,词性错误：,old and young the old and the young,专有名词：第一个和最后一个单词首字母大写，其他：实词（名动形副代数）首字母大写；虚词（介连冠）首字母不大写。,2006.12,Direction:,许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会但有些人提出取消春节晚会我的看法,句式提炼：,Bicycles are very popular in China.,词性转化：,popular popularity,In China,bicycles,have gained wide/great popularity among Chinese people.,2011-06,现在网上购物已经成为一种时尚,In the recent decade,online shopping has gained wide popularity among youngsters.,2010-06,如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视单词拼写,In China,English learning has gained wide popularity among students.However,2009-12,建设绿色校园很重要,In the contemporary society,the concept of green campuses has gained wide popularity among universities or colleges.,2009-06,越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？,In the present-day society,free admission to museums is enjoying wide popularity among Chinese citizens.,2008-12,一次性塑料袋曾经广泛的使用,During the past decades,disposable plastic bags gained wide popularity among people in the world.,2008-06,娱乐活动多种多样,In this day and age,a variety of recreational activities have gained wide popularity among individuals.,Bicycles are very popular in China.,?,In my eyes,you are the most beautiful.,In my eyes,no one is more beautiful than you.,高分句式,结构：No _ is/are more _than_.,Bicycles are very popular in China.,In China,no means of transport is more popular and important than bicycles.,我能想到最浪漫的事就是和你一起慢慢变老。,？,高分句式：双重否定,句型：否定词,(no/not/never/nothing)+,有否定意义或否定前缀或否定后缀的名词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词等,Nothing,great was ever achieved,without,enthusiasm.Ralph Waldo Emerson,Nothing,is,impossible,to a willing heart.,Heywood,No,man is,useless,in this world who lightens the burden of someone else.,Charles Dickens,The word“,impossible,”is,not,in my dictionary.,Bonaparte Napoleon,2011.12,Directions:,Youre allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled,Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will,by commenting on the humorous saying,Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world.Ive done it hundreds of time.”Youd write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.,Outlines:,1.,坚强的意志是成功的重要保证。,2.,意志坚定的人才能完成伟大的使命。,3.,学生也是这样，不刻苦学习，终究不会成为有用之才。,意志坚定的人才能完成伟大的使命。,People,cannot,accomplish great missions,without,a strong will.,No,one can,undertake a great mission,without,a strong will.,No,man is,unlikely,to have brilliant achievements with an iron will.,He will,not,succeed who will,not,persevere.,被动表达,No,great mission can be accomplished,without,a strong will.,No,success,cannot,be achieved with an iron will.,Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will,No great work can be performed without will.,We envy famous men and imagine that fame was due to some stroke of luck.But when we know their histories,we find that it is long years of will and constant effort that have brought about their success.,Just as we cant reach the top of a mountain without climbing,we cant achieve success without will.,The modern society provides people with more opportunities than before,and there are stories which tell us the possibility of becoming successful overnight.Actually that is not the case.Before these people become successful,a lot of hard work has been done,unnoticed mostly.,What we usually see is the result,but what we ignore is a long process of struggling forward and wrestling with internal or external obstacles.,Take quitting smoking for example,which is,to most people,a difficult task,so people always give up the idea for they dont have the strong will.,In a nutshell,strong will is an important condition or role of the success the individual should desire to maintain forever.There is no instant success in this world.Strong will is the best policy to make your life distinct and your dreams come true.,高分句式：排比句式,I,came,;I,saw,;I,conquered,.Julius Caesar,Government,of the people,by the people,and,for the people,shall not perish from the earth.,Abraham Lincoln,Studies serve,for delight,for ornament,and,for ability,.Francis Bacon,Some books are,to be tasted,others,to be swallowed,and some few,to be chewed and digested,.Francis Bacon,排比句式,It cannot be denied that technology does help us a lot.,Internet provides us with easy access to various aspects of knowledge and information,;,mobile phones make it more convenient for us to communicate with one another,;,a growing number of man-made satellites have been launched to probe into the secrets of the universe,.,Without technology,the world would stop developing.That is why we should be proud of advanced science and technology in the contemporary age.,排比句式,some discard litters everywhere,;,some cheat in tests,;,some waste food on canteens,;,some throw offensive/insulting remarks at others,;,some are always late for classes,;,some guys even watch pornographic or violent films in dorms,.,2009.12,Directions:,For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of,Creating a Green Campu,s,.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:,1.,建设绿色校园很重要,2.,绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境,.,3.,为了建设绿色校园，我们应该,.,1.,建设绿色校园很重要,The,concept,of“Green Life”,has gained wide popularity,among Chinese citizens.Almost every university,has,been aware of,the importance of building a green campus.,Without,green environment it is,impossible,for college students to have an,enjoyable/agreeable,life in the,Ivory Tower,.,Furthermore,a green campus is,of benefit,to,broaden/consolidate,students,awareness,of environmental protection.,Creating a Green Campus,2.,绿色校园不仅仅指绿色的环境,In addition to,green environment,green campuses also refer to,decent,behaviors.However,taking a look around,we can find,a good many,examples of,inappropriate ones,:,some discard litters everywhere;some cheat in tests;some waste food on canteens;some throw offensive/insulting remarks at others;some are always late for classes;some guys even watch pornographic or violent films in dorms.,In fact,it has become a trend for,many students,to turn a blind eye to,their own bad acts.,3.,为了建设绿色校园，我们应该,Accordingly,it is,imperative/urgent,for us to take measures to,maintain,green campuses.,For one thing,it is essential that regulations should be worked out to ban these negative behaviors.For another,we should educate,advocate and encourage our classmates,friends and acquaintances to refuse all uncivilized acts.,If we,do our utmost,to do so,the future of our college life will be,hopeful,promising and rosy,.,友情提醒：高分句式,灵活,运用,Nowadays English learning is very popular in China.,In recent decades,English learning has gained/is enjoying wide popularity among Chinese students.,Nowadays English learning is more and more popular in China.,In recent decades,English learning has gained/is enjoying growing popularity among Chinese students.,In recent decades,English learning,has found its growing popularity among,Chinese students.,首段首尾句句式选择（呼应式写法）,1)_has/have gained(is/are enjoying)wide popularity among_.,2)_has/have found its/their way among _.,3)It has become a prevalent trend for_ to_.,It has become a prevalent trend that_.,4)There is a growing trend of_.,There is a growing trend that_.,注：首句前加上适当的时间状语,2011-06,现在网上购物已经成为一种时尚,In the contemporary society,online shopping has gained wide popularity throughout the world.,For the sake of convenience,a growing number of people make purchases on a variety of shopping websites every day.,It has become a prevalent trend for youngsters to shop online.,In the contemporary society,it has become a prevalent trend for youngsters to shop online.,For the sake of convenience,a growing number of people make purchases on a variety of shopping websites every day.,Online shopping has gained wide popularity throughout the world.,In the contemporary society,there is a growing,tide,of youngsters shopping online.,For the sake of convenience,a growing number of people make purchases on a variety of shopping websites every day.,Online shopping has gained wide popularity throughout the world.,2009-12,建设绿色校园很重要,In the present-day society,the concept of“Green Campus”is enjoying wide popularity among universities.,Without green environment it is impossible for college students to have an enjoyable and agreeable life in the Ivory Tower.,Thus it has become a prevalent trend for universities to create green campuses.,2010-06,如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视单词拼写,In recent decades,English learning has gained wide popularity among students.There is a growing trend/tide of learning English in China.However,题目,：,My View on Double BA Degree,提纲,：,1.,现在大学生读双学位的现象很常见,2.,对此，人们看法不一,3.,我对这一现象的看法,练笔,My view on Double BA Degree,In the,contemporary,society,the system of double bachelors degree,has gained wide popularity among,universities or colleges.On many campuses,it has become a prevalent trend,for students to have two majors at the same time.,To this phenomenon,different students,take divergent attitudes,.Some,strongly approve of,it,in that,a double bachelors degree can,broaden their vision,thus,putting them in a more favorable position in the job-seeking market,.,On the contrary,those who,stand firmly opposed to,it also have,cogent,reasons.,For one thing,two majors make it difficult for them to,focus on one particular field,;,for another,they can,expand their scope of knowledge,by reading,extensively,rather than,pursuing,a double bachelors degree.,Personally,I am,slightly negative about,double bachelors degree.,In this day and age,the more skilled we are in one specific realm,the better we can meet the societys needs.,Accordingly,it is advisable that,we should,make the most of,our college life to,acquire,more,specialized,knowledge and skills to,set the stage for,our future.,观点对比型模板提炼,To this phenomenon/issue,different _ take divergent attitudes.Some strongly/firmly/constantly approve of/advocate it in that/as _.On the contrary/By contrast,those who are/keep/stand strongly/firmly/constantly opposed to it cogently/convincingly contend that _.,To this phenomenon/issue,different _ take divergent attitudes.Some who strongly/firmly/constantly approve of/advocate it are cogently convinced that_.On the contrary/By contrast,those who are/keep/stand strongly/firmly/constantly opposed to it contend that _.,To this phenomenon/issue,different _ take divergent attitudes.Some strongly/firmly/constantly approve of/advocate it.They hold the view that_.Moreover/Furthermore,_.In addition,_.On the contrary/By contrast,those who are/keep/stand strongly/firmly/constantly opposed to it also have cogent/sound reasons.For one thing,_;for another,_.,(,时间状语,),_has/have gained(is/are enjoying)wide popularity among_.It has become a prevalent trend for_ to_.Some_ strongly/firmly/constantly approve of/advocate _ in that/as _.(Some_ strongly/firmly/constantly approve of/advocate _.For one thing,_;for another,_.),On the contrary/By contrast,those who are/keep/stand strongly/firmly/constantly opposed to it also have cogent/sound reasons.According to their point of view,_.Moreover/Furthermore,_.In addition,_.,五彩斑斓的英语句子,什么样的句子更加吸引阅卷老师？,优美句子的艺术张力何在？,优美的句子如何形成？,复杂多样 变幻莫测,如何避免句式单调,?,被动式,It,形式主语,/,宾语,分词作状语,There be,With,复合结构,非限制性定语从句,倒装,主语从句,名词化,被动式,人们普遍认为理论与实践是不可分的。,It is widely accepted that theory is inseparable from practice.,学生应该适当重视单词拼写。,Due importance should be attached to spelling.,事情应当按照轻重缓急来处理。,Priority should be given to the urgency of matters.,只有拥有远大的理想与辛勤的努力才能取得成功。,No success can be achieved without aspiration and perspiration.,It,形式主语,/,宾语,不用说,It goes without saying that,值得做某事,It pays to do sth.,不可否认,It cannot be denied that,It is undeniable that,人们普遍认为,It is commonly believed that,It is generally considered that,It is widely accepted that,It is universally acknowledged that,(5),很重要,It is exceedingly/extremely important/significant/essential/crucial/vital/necessary(for sb.)to do,It is exceedingly/extremely important/significant/essential/crucial/vital/necessary that+,主语,+(should)do/be done,(6),很流行,/,普遍,It has become a prevalent trend/tide(for sb.)to do,make it+adj.+(for sb.)to do,英语习语就其形式可归纳为八种类型：,1.,短语动词（,Phrasal Verbs,）,习语（,Idiomatic Expression,）,