高三英语(语法 状语从句)课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,专题九并列句和状语从句,1,(2011,年高考山东卷,),He had his camera ready_he saw something that would make a good picture.,A,even if,B,if only,C,in case D,so that,解析：,句意：他准备好了相机，以便他看到好的东西就随时拍下来。,even if,“,即使,”,，引导让步状语从句；,if only,“,如果,就好了,”,，引导虚拟条件句；,so that,引导目的和结果状语从句，均不符合句意。由句意可知应选,in case,，意为,“,以防万一,”,。,答案：,C,2,(2011,年高考天津卷,),_regular exercise is very important,its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.,A,If B,As C,Although D,Unless,解析：,句意：虽然有规律的锻炼很重要，但在临睡觉前锻炼却从来不是个好主意。,if,可引导条件状语从句，表示,“,如果,”,；,as,可引导时间状语从句，表示,“,当,时,”,，若引导让步状语从句，句子需用倒装；分析前句,“,有规律的锻炼很重要,”,和后句,“,临睡前锻炼却不好,”,可知，前句为后句的让步状语，故选,C,项，,although,表示,“,虽然,”,，可引导让步状语从句；,unless,表示,“,除非,”,，引导条件状语从句。,3,(2011,年高考江西卷,),Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon,or _ it is convenient to you.,A,whenever B,howeverC,whichever,D,wherever,解析：,句意：请打电话让我的秘书安排一个会议，在今天下午或是任何你方便的时候。,whenever,无论何时；,however,无论如何；,whichever,无论哪一个；,wherever,无论何地。此处,or,连接的是和,this afternoon,并列的两个时间状语,(,从句,),，故只有,A,项正确。,4,(2011,年高考陕西卷,),_ all of them are strong candidates,only one will be chosen for the post.,A,Since B,While,C,If D,As,解析：,句意：尽管他们都是很有实力的求职者，但是只有一个人会被选中担任这一职位。,since,因为，既然；,while,尽管；,if,如果；,as,因为。根据句意选,while,。,答案：,B,5,(2011,年高考福建卷,),It was April 29,2011_Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.,A,that B,when,C,since D,before,解析：,句意：,2011,年,4,月,29,日，威廉王子与凯特,米德尔顿步入了婚礼殿堂。分析句子结构可知，,April 29,2011,为定语从句的先行词，从句缺少时间状语，故用,when,引导。此题易误选,A,项,that,，认为这是强调句型,“,Its/was,被强调部分,that.,”,的应用。若选,that,的话，,April 29,2011,前要加介词,on,。,答案：,B,并列句,一、句子的分类,二、并列句的基本概念,并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。,三、常见的并列句,1,表递进关系：用来表递进关系的并列连词有,and,，,not only.but also.,，,neither.nor.,，,not.but.,等。,典例,1,(2011,年高考山东卷,),Find ways to praise your children often,，,_youll find they will open their hearts to you.,A,till,B,Or C,and D,but,解析,句意：如果你能找到一些方法来经常表扬你的孩子，你就会发现他们会向你敞开心扉。本题所考查的句式为,“,祈使句,and/or,陈述句,”,。本句中前面的祈使句表示条件，后面的陈述句表示条件下的结果，故用,and,连接；,or,表示,“,否则,”,，与句意不符。,答案,C,2,表选择关系：常用的并列连词有,or,，,either.or.,，,otherwise,等。,Either you are right,，,or I am.,要么你对，要么我对。,Dont drive so fast,，,or/otherwise youll have an accident.,不要开那么快，否则你会出事的。,3,表转折关系：常用的并列连词有,but,，,yet,，,whereas,，,while,等。,Jane said she was ill,，,yet I saw her in the street just now.,简说她病了，但刚才我在街上看到了她。,Some men are rich,，,while/whereas others are poor.,一些人很富有但其他人很贫穷。,4,表因果关系：常用的并列连词有,so,，,for,。,It must have rained last night for it is wet all over.,昨晚一定下雨了，到处都这么湿。,The shops were closed so I didnt get any milk.,商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。,5,when,还可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于,and at this,/that time,。常用于下列句式：,(1)sb.was doing sth.when.(2)sb.was about to/,going to do/on the point of doing sth.when.(3)sb.had just done sth.when.,。,We were having a meeting when someone broke in.,我们正在开会，这时突然有人闯了进来。,We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.,我们正打算动身，突然下起了雨。,典例,2,(2011,年高考浙江卷,),One Friday,we were packing to leave for a weekend away _ my daughter heard cries for help.,A,after B,While,C,since D,when,解析,句意：一个周五，我们正在打包裹动身去过周末，就在这时我女儿听到了呼救声。表示,“,正在做某事,就在这时,(,突然,),”,用,be doing sth.when,，所以,D,项正确。,答案,D,6,while,作为并列连词，意为,“,而，却,”,，表示对比。,He likes pop music,，,while I am fond of folk music.,他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。,状语从句,一、时间状语从句,1,when,，,while,和,as,when,引导的从句的谓语动词既可是一个持续性动词，也可是非持续性动词；,while,引导的从句的谓语动词必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比；,as,引导的从句的谓语动词可以是持续性动词，也可以是非持续性动词，有,“,随着,”,之意，多用于主从句动作同时发生。,2,as soon as,，,immediately,，,directly,，,the moment,，,the minute,，,no sooner.than,，,hardly/scarcely.when,，,once,等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为,“,一,就,”,。,3,till,，,until,和,not(.)until,till,，,until,引导时间状语从句时，主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某一时间才停止”。,not(.)until,引导时间状语从句时，主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“直到,才,”,。,not(.)until,还可以用于强调句和倒装句。,4,before,和,since,若表达“没过,就，过了,才”之意时，须用连词,before,，句式为“,It was/will be,时间段,before.”,；,since,意为“自从,”,，句式为“,It is/has been,时间段,since.”,。,5,every time,，,each time,，,next time,，,the first time,，,any time,等名词短语引导时间状语从句时，分别表示“每次,，下次,，第一次,，任何时候,”,。,典例,1,Mary made coffee _her guests were finishing their meal.,A,so that B,although,C,while D,as if,解析,此处的,while,表示,“,当,的时候,”,，表示两个动作同时发生；,“,玛丽煮咖啡,”,和,“,她的客人吃完饭,”,这两个动作是同时进行的，因此要用,while,。,答案,C,二、让步状语从句,1,让步状语从句表示尽管有某种不利于主句动作发生的条件存在，主句中的情况依然会出现。引导让步状语从句的连词比较多，常见的有：,although,，,though,，,while,；,even if,even though,；,no matter,疑问词疑问词,ever,；,whether.or.,although,与,though,两者意思相近，用法也相近，都可以与,yet,，,still,或,nevertheless,连用，但不能和,but,连用。,2,as,引导让步状语从句要倒装,as,引导让步状语从句时，状语、表语及谓语动词的一部分应置于,as,之前。若表语是名词，前置时要省略冠词。,典例,2,Tim is in good shape physically _he doesnt get much exercise.,A,as B,even though,C,unless D,as long as,解析,句意：尽管,Tim,锻炼得不多，但他的身材保持得很好。此处的,even though,表示让步，意为,“,即使,”,。,答案,B,典例,3,(2011,年高考辽宁卷,),No matter how_,，,it is not necessarily lifeless.,A,a desert may be dry B,dry a desert may be,C,may a desert be dry D,dry may a desert be,解析,句意：一个沙漠无论多么干旱，也不一定就没有生命。,how,与形容词和可数名词单数连用的顺序为：,how,形容词,a(n),可数名词单数，与其用法一样的还有,so,，,too,等。如：,so difficult a question,如此难的一个问题；,Its too long a journey to make in one day.,旅程太远，一天之内到不了。故选,B,。,答案,B,三、条件状语从句,引导条件状语从句的连词有：,if,，,unless(,if.not)(,除非,),，,so(as)long as(,只要,),，,in case(,以防万一,),，,on condition that(,条件是,)supposing(that)(,假设,),，,provided/providing(that)(,假如,),等。,典例,4,(2011,年高考江苏卷,),It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine._,，,wed better take it to the garage immediately.,A,Otherwise B,If not C,But for that D,If so,解析,句意：听起来好像汽车的发动机出了故障。如果这样的话，我们最好马上把它开到维修厂,(,修理一下,),。,otherwise,否则，要不然if not,如果不是这样的话；,but for that,要不是那样。以上三项均不符合句意和语境。,if so,“,如果这样的话,”,，符合句意和语境。,if so,相当于,if something is wrong with the cars engine,。,答案,D,典例,5,(2011,年高考湖南卷,),Jack wasnt saying anything,，,but the teacher smiled at him_he had done something very clever.,A,as if B,in case C,while D,though,解析,句意：杰克什么也没说，但是老师朝着他笑，就好像他做了非常明智的事情一样。,as if,好像；,in case,以防万一；,while,当,时候，而，却；,though,尽管。由句意可知应选,A,项。,答案,A,四、地点、原因状语从句,1,地点状语从句,地点状语从句是表示主句谓语动词的动作发生的地点的状语从句，引导词有,where,，,wherever,，,anywhere,，,everywhere,等。,2,原因状语从句,引导原因状语从句的连词有：,because,，,as,，,since,，,now(that),，,for,，,seeing(that),，,considering that,等，每个连词的含义不尽相同。,典例,6,Today,，,we will begin_we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.,A,when B,Where C,how D,what,答案,B,五、目的、结果状语从句,1,引导目的状语从句的连词有：,so that,，,in order that,，,for fear(that),，,in case,，,lest,等。,典例,7,Leave your key with a neighbor _you lock yourself out one day.,A,ever since B,even if,C,soon after D,in case,解析,in case,引导目的状语从句，意为,“,以防万一,”,，符合题意。,ever since,引导时间状语从句，意思是,“,自从,”,；,even if,引导让步状语从句，意思是,“,即使,”,。,答案,D,2,引导结果状语从句的连词有：,so that,，,so.that,，,such.that,。在非正式语体中，,so.that,和,such.that,引导句子时,that,可以省略，但要注意其结构形式：,so,形容词,/,副词,that,从句；,so,形容词,a/,an,可数名词单数形式,that,从句；,so,many,/much/,few,/little,名词,that,从句；,such,a/,an,形容词可数名词单数形式,that,从句；,such,形容词名词复数形式,/,不可数名词,that,从句；,such,a lot of/,lots of,名词,that,从句。,六、比较、方式状语从句,引导比较状语从句的连词有：,than,；,as.as,；,not so.as,；,the,比较级，,the,比较级。,引导方式状语从句的连词有：,as,，,as if,，,as though,等，多放在主句之后。其中,as if,或,as though,引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。,典例,8,She had a tense expression on her face,，,_she was expecting trouble.,A,even though B,as though,C,so that D,now that,解析,题意：她表情紧张，好像预料到麻烦要来。,as if/though,引导方式状语从句，意为,“,好像,”,。而,even though,引导让步状语从句，意为,“,即使,”,。,答案,B,状语从句的易错点,_you may have,，,you should gather your courage to face the challenge.A,However a serious problem,B,What a serious problem,C,However serious a problem,D,What serious a problem,错混透析,C,该句意,“,无论你有多么严重的问题，你都应该鼓起勇气面对挑战,”,，由此可知，应由,however,引导让步状语从句，语序为,“,however,形容词,a(n),单数名词,”,。如果对,however,的词性不明确，会导致误选,A,项。,解题指导,考查状语从句的题目，应着重考虑以下几点。,1,要根据前后句的逻辑关系判断是哪一种状语从句。,2,注意,when,/while/,as,引导时间状语从句时的异同。,3,注意区别,until,和,till,的不同用法。,4,一些名词短语和副词以及一些固定句式都可以表示“一,就,”,的意思。,5,注意,because,/as/,since/now that,等引导原因状语从句时异同。,6,although,与,though,可以引导让步状语从句，不能与,but,连用，但可以与,yet,连用。,7,no matter who,/what/,where,/how,等可引导让步状语从句，相当于,whoever/,whatever,/wherever/,however,等。但,whoever,/whatever/,whichever,还可引导名词性从句。,