高三英语二轮复习 第一篇 语法运用攻略 专题一 单项填空 第4讲 动词和动词短语课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第,4,讲,动词和动词短语,考点,1,动词词义辨析,【典例,】,1.(2015,浙江高考,)If steel is heavier than water,why are ships able,to_on,the sea?,A.float,B.drown,C.shrink,D.split,【解析,】,选,A,。句意,:,如果钢比水重,为什么船可以浮在海面上呢,?float,漂浮,;drown,溺水,淹死,;shrink,收缩,;split,劈开,使分离。,2.(2015,浙江高考,)Studies have shown that the right and left ear _ sound differently.,A.produceB.pronounceC.processD.download,【解析,】,选,C,。句意,:,研究已经表明,右耳和左耳处理声音的方式不同。,produce,生产,制造,;pronounce,发音,;process,处理,;download,下载。根据常识,耳朵不能生产或制造声音,不能发音,更不可能下载。所以答案只能选,C,。,3.(2014,浙江高考,)Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head,but I tried to _ the pain,believing that it would go away sooner or later.,A.shareB.realizeC.ignoreD.cause,【解析,】,选,C,。句意,:,上周一个网球砸在了我的头上,但是我尽力去忽视疼痛,认为迟早会消失的。,share,分享,;realize,意识到,实现,;ignore,忽略,不理睬,;cause,造成,引起。根据句意可知,C,项正确。,4.(2014,浙江高考,)No matter how carefully you plan your finances,no one can _ when the unexpected will happen.,A.proveB.implyC.demandD.predict,【解析,】,选,D,。句意,:,不管你多么仔细地计划你的资金,没有人能够预测什么时候会发生意想不到的事情。,prove,证明,;imply,意味着,暗示,;demand,要求,命令,;predict,预测。根据句中的,when the unexpected will happen,可知,D,项正确。,5.(2013,浙江高考,)When the group discussion is nearing its end,make sure,to_it,with important pointsA.concludeB.leadC.avoidD.hold,【解析,】,选,A,。句意,:,当小组讨论接近尾声时,一定要以重点结束。,conclude,结束,;lead,指导,指引,;avoid,避免,;hold,抓住,握住。,【解题技巧】,动词词义辨析题将四个动词置于一个特定的语境下进行考查,旨在考查考生在特定语境中熟练应用词汇的能力。这些动词可以是毫无联系,也可以是形式上相近,如,adapt/adopt,explode/expose,raise/arise,等,或意义上相近,语境是唯一的考查标准。,考点,2,动词短语辨析,【典例,】,1.(2015,江苏高考,)The university started some new language programs,to_the,countrys Silk Road Economic Belt.,A.apply to,B.cater for,C.appeal to,D.hunt for,【解析,】,选,B,。句意,:,为了满足国家丝绸之路经济带的需要,这所大学开设了新的语言课程。,apply to,申请,;cater for,迎合,满足,的需要,;,为,提供所需,;appeal to,对,有吸引力,呼吁,恳求,;hunt for,搜寻,寻找。,2.(2015,江苏高考,)The whole,team_Cristiano,Ronaldo,and he seldom lets them down.,A.wait onB.focus onC.count onD.call on,【解析,】,选,C,。句意,:,全队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺,罗纳尔多,他很少让他们失望。,wait on,服侍,等待,;focus on,集中,(,注意力,),于,;count on,指望,;call on,号召,拜访。,3.(2015,浙江高考,)We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses,or_our,emotions than for straight factsA.block offB.appeal to,C.subscribe toD.come across,【解析,】,选,B,。句意,:,和直接的事实相比,我们趋向于对于一些事情记忆会比较清楚,这些事情刺激我们的感官或者是让我们的情感产生兴趣。该句的句式使用到了一个比较句式以及一个定语从句,句式比较复杂。所填词表达的跟前面,excite our senses,意思是相同的,根据句意不难得出是,appeal to“,吸引”。,4.(2015,浙江高考,)Body language,can_a,lot about your mood,so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.,A.take awayB.throw away,C.put awayD.give away,【解析,】,选,D,。句意,:,肢体语言可以透露很多关于你的心情的信息,因此抱臂而站可能发出一个信号,:,你是有防范的。,take away,带走,拿走,;throw away,扔掉,;put away,放下,收拾,整理,;give away,泄露,赠送,分发,出卖。,5.(2014,浙江高考,)How could,you_such,a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months?,A.turn offB.turn inC.turn downD.turn to,【解析,】,选,C,。句意,:,你都好几个月没有工作了,你怎么能够拒绝这么好的一份工作呢,?turn off,关闭,;turn in,上交,;turn down,调小,拒绝,;turn to,求助于。,【解题技巧,】,牢记下列高频动词短语,:,(1)break,类,:break away from,打破,;,与,脱离关系,;break down,出故障,;(,计划、谈判,),失败,;(,精神、身体,),垮掉,;,分解,;break in,闯入,插嘴,;break into,闯入,;break out,爆发,突然发生,;break up,打碎,分手,分开,关系破裂,(2)bring,类,:bring about,导致,造成,引起,;bring back,恢复,使想起,;bring in,引进,带来,;bring out,出版,使显现,;bring up,抚养,提出,呕吐,(3)call,类,:call for,需要,要求,;call back,回电,;call in,召集,叫,来,(,帮忙,);call on,号召,拜访,;call up,使想起,打电话,征召,(4)come,类,:come about,发生,;come across,偶遇,;,无意中发现,;come out,出版,;,结果是,;come true,实现,(,无被动,);come up,被提出,;come up with,提出,(,建议、计划、方案等,),(5)get,类,:get across,解释清楚,使,被理解,;get away from,避免,;,摆脱,逃离,;get away with,侥幸做成,;get around,四处走动,传播开来,;get down to,开始认真,;get along/on with,进展,;,与,相处,;get over,克服,;,从,中恢复或康复,;get rid of,摆脱,;,除去,;get through,通过,;,完成,;接通电话,(6)give,类,:give away,赠送,;,泄露,;,分发,;give back,归还,;give in,屈服,让步,;,投降,认输,;give out,分发,发出,;,发表,;,用尽,;,筋疲力尽,;give up,放弃,对,不再抱有希望,(7)go,类,:go against,违背,;,不利于,;,反对,;go ahead(,表示同意对方提出的要求或建议,),说吧,!,做吧,!,开始吧,!go around,参观,;(,消息,),传播,;go by,过去,经过,;go on,继续,;,进行,;,发生,;go over,复习,仔细检查,;go through,穿过,;,经历,;,仔细检查,;go without,没有,也行,(8)hold,类,:hold back,隐瞒,;,抑制,;,退缩,;hold on=hang on,别挂断电话,;,等一会儿,;,坚持下去,;hold out,坚持,伸出,;hold up,举起,;,阻挡,;,使耽搁,;hold on to,紧紧抓住,;,保留,;,不放弃,(9)keep,类,:keep away from,远离,;,勿靠近,;keep back,扣下,;,隐瞒,抑制,;keep up,坚持,;,继续,;,使不低落,;keep up with,跟上,;keep an eye on,照看,留意,;keep an eye out for,密切注意,(10)look,类,:look around,环顾四周,;look away from,把目光从,移开,;look into,调查,;look back on/upon,回顾,;look up,查找,向上看,;look up to,尊敬,敬仰,;look down upon,歧视,看不起,;look forward to,盼望,;,期待,;look through,浏览,;look out,当心,留意,;,小心,;look on,旁观,(11)make,类,:make use of,利用,;make up,组成,;,编造,杜撰,;,化妆,;,和解,;make up for,补偿,;,弥补,;make for,走向,;,有助于,;,导致,;make sense,有意义,;,有道理,;make sense of,理解,;make out,理解,;,辨认出,;make it,成功做到,;,约定某个时间,(12)put,类,:put aside,把,搁置一边,暂不考虑,;,储蓄,;put away,收拾,;,整理,;put forward,提出,把,(,钟表,),拨快,;put down,记下,写下,镇压,;put out,伸出,;,扑灭,;,生产,;put up,建造,张贴,;,提供住宿,;put up with,忍受,;put on,穿上,;,上演,;,增加,(13)set,类,:set aside,不顾,留出,;set about doing,sth,.,着手做某事,;set out,出发,动身,;set out to do,sth,.,着手做某事,;set off,出发,;,引起,;,使爆炸,;set up,建立,(,组织、机构,);,创立,(14)take,类,:take after,长得像某人,;take down,记下,拆卸,;,取下,;take up,从事,开始做,;,占用,(,时间、空间,),着手处理,;take in,吸收,;,接收,;,理解,;,欺骗,;take off,起飞,;,成功,;,脱下,;take on,呈现,;,具有,;承担,;,雇用,;take over,接管,接手,(15)turn,类,:turn around,转身,;turn,away(from,),不准,进入,;,拒绝,;turn down,拒绝,;turn up,开大,;,露面,;,出现,;turn to,转向,;,求助于,;turn against,反对,;,背叛,(16),其他类短语,:appeal to,呼吁,;,上诉,;,对,有吸引力,;account for,对,负责,;,对,作出解释,;(,比例,),占,;answer for,因,而受罚,;,对,负责,;approve of,同意,赞成,;apply to,应用于,;,适用于,;apply for,申请,;attach importance to,重视,;benefit from,从,受益,;keep sb.,company,陪伴某人,;concentrate on,集中注意力于,;,全神贯注于,(=focus,on);take.into consideration/account,把,考虑在内,;contribute to,贡献,;,捐款,;,有助于,促成,;fall behind,落后,;fall into a habit of doing,sth,.,养成,的习惯,;fall in love with,爱上,;do away with,废除,;,取,消,;come into sight,进入视野,;feel,like(doing,),想要,(,做,);find fault,with,找毛病,对,吹毛求疵,;fit in with,适应,;,与,相处融洽,;hang up,挂断电话,;catch/draw/attract ones attention,吸引某人的注意,;head for,向,方向前进,;be/get involved in,参与,;,涉及,;lie in,在于,;participate in,参加,参与,;react to,对,作出反应,;refer to,参考,涉及,;,提到,;,谈到,;refer to.as,把,称作,;rely on依赖,;,依靠,;reply to,答复,回答,;respond to,对,作出反应,响应,;give rise to,引起,;,导致,;catch sight of,看见,;stick to,坚持,(,计划、观点、承诺,);stick out,伸出,;suffer from,患,病,;,受,痛苦,;watch out,小心提防,;contribute to,有助于,;be/get accustomed to,习惯于,;live up to,不辜负,;,实践,;,做到,;dress up,化妆,;,打扮,;make a difference,有影响,使不相同,;lead to,导致,;,引起通向,;cheer up,使高兴,/,振作起来,考点,3,动词的熟词生义,【典例,】,1.(2014,湖北高考,)The old rules have to be _ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.,A.developed,B.established,C.observedD.revised,【解析,】,选,D,。句意,:,这些旧的规则必须修改,因为它们只适用于,100,年前它们被制定时存在的情况。,develop,开发,发展,;,发育,;establish,建立,;observe,遵守,;revise,修改。,2.(2014,江苏高考,)Top graduates from universities,are_by,major companies.,A.chasedB.registered,C.offeredD.compensated,【解析,】,选,A,。句意,:,高才生受到各大公司的青睐,成为争相录用的对象。,chase,追逐,符合句意。,register,注册,;offer,提供,;compensate,补偿。,3.(2014,安徽高考,)Shakespeares writing is still popular today.It has really _the test of time.,A.failed,B.stood,C.taken,D.conducted,【解析,】,选,B,。句意,:,莎士比亚的作品今天依旧受欢迎,它真的已经经受了时间的检验。,stand,忍受,经受,;fail,失败,不及格,;take,带走,;conduct,指导,指挥,带领。,4.(2013,浙江高考,)A good listener takes part in the conversation,ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.,A.realizingB.copying,C.offeringD.misunderstanding,【解析,】,选,C,。句意,:,一个好的聆听者要参与交谈,给出自己的想法并且提出问题以使谈话顺畅进行。,realize,意识到,;copy,复制,;offer(,主动,),提出,(,帮助,);misunderstand,误解。此处,offer,意为“主动提出想法,/,观点等”。,【解题技巧,】,对于动词的熟词生义用法,要进行专门积累,(,尤其在阅读理解中的此类词,),并且要通过强化训练对它们的用法进行巩固。,常见动词熟词生义用法表,:,单词,熟义,生义,act,行动,起作用,address,写信给,将邮件寄至,演说,从事,忙于,attend,参加,出席,照顾,chase,追赶,(,对希求之物,),追求,追逐,count,计数,计算,重要,有价值,单词,熟义,生义,cover,覆盖,包括,涉及,采访,支付,develop,发展,开发,研制,逐渐形成,养成,冲洗,(,胶片,),患上某种疾病,drive,驾驶,迫使,强迫,employ,雇用,使用,escape,逃跑,逃脱,被忘掉,;,泄漏,fail,失败,不及格,衰退,未能,observe,观察,遵守,庆祝,单词,熟义,生义,offer,主动提供,(,帮助,),提出,(,建议等,),promise,承诺,有,的希望,read,阅读,理解,领会,stand,站立,忍受,succeed,成功,接替,接任,work,工作,起作用,【误区纠偏,】,易错点,1,动词词义辨析不到位,(2014,江苏高考,)Legend has it that the origin of Dragon Boat Festival is,to_the,soul of,Qu,Yuan.,(,变式,)Legend has it that the origin of Dragon Boat Festival is,to_Qu,Yuan,the great ancient poet.,A.remember,B.remind,C.recoverD.recall,【点拨,】,1),题,由句子中,the soul of,Qu,Yuan,可知,本句意为“传说端午节的起源是为屈原招魂。”故本题要选,D,项,recall(,召回,),。,(2),题,对题目中的内容进行了调整,考查,remember,一词意义的理解,句意为“传说端午节的起源是为了纪念屈原这位伟大的古代诗人。,remember,在此表示“纪念”之意,符合句意。故选,A,。,易错点,2,动词短语理解不到位,(2014,天津高考,)The two countries are going to meet,to_some,barriers to trade between them.,(,变式,)The two countries are going to meet,to_ignoring,some barriers to trade between them.,A.make upB.use up,C.turn downD.break down,【点拨,】,(1),题,题干的意思是“这两个国家即将会晤来消除两国之间的贸易障碍。”题,break down,在本句中意为“消除,(,障碍,偏见等,)”,故选,D,。,(2),题,题干的语境是,:,这两个国家即将会晤和解,搁置两国之间的贸易障碍。题,make up,在本句中意为“和解”,选,A,。,易错点,3,熟词生义用法掌握不到位,(2013,新课标全国卷,)At the last moment,Tom decided,to_a,new character to make the story seem more likely.,(,变式,)At the last moment,Tom decided,to_a,notice to find a new character to make the story seem more likely.,A.put up,B.put in,C.put on,D.put off,【点拨,】,(1),题,根据句意“在最后一刻,汤姆决定添加一个新的角色,从而使得这个故事显得更加真实。”而只有,put in,有“加入,添加”的意思。故选,B,。,(2),题,考查,put up a notice,这一常用结构,意为“张贴一个通知”,符合语境。故选,A,。,(3),对于,put,短语的积累和灵活运用很关键,最关键的是对不同语境的准确理解。,