高三英语高考二轮复习专题课件：基础篇10--特殊句式 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,十、特殊句式,1.(2009,山东,27)So sudden,that the enemy,had no time to escape.,A.did the attackB.the attack did,C.was the attackD.the attack was,解析,在,so+,adj,.+that.,句型中，当,so+,adj,.,置于句首时，其所在句子的谓语应用倒装形,式，故选,C,项。,C,2.(2009,宁夏，,31)The computer was used in,teaching.As a result,not only,but,students became more interested in the,lessons.,A.saved was teachers energy,B.was teachers energy saved,C.teachers energy was saved,D.was saved teachers energy,解析,句意为：电脑在教学中应用，结果不仅节省,了老师的精力，也使学生对课堂更感兴趣。在,not,only.but also.,连接的句子中，如果,not only,放在句首则本句用部分倒装，但,but also,连接的句,子则不用，故选,B,。,B,3.(2009,陕西，,16)He must be helping the old,man to water the flowers,?,A.is heB.isnt he,C.must heD.mustnt he,解析,must,表推测时，反意疑问句的助动词与,must,后面的动词相呼应，但有时间状语时，反意疑问,句的助动词应根据时间状语来确定。,B,4.(2009,陕西，,18)Little,about her own,safety,though she was in great danger herself.A.did Rose careB.Rose did care,C.Rose does careD.does Rose care,解析,否定词,little,置于句首，句子要用部分倒,装，故排除,B,、,C,两项；根据前后时态一致原则，,排除,D,项。,A,5.(2009,江苏,32)Distinguished guests and,friends,welcome to our school.,the,ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this,morning are our alumina(,校友）,from home,and abroad.,A.AttendB.To attend,C.AttendingD.Having attended,解析,分析句子结构可知此句是一个倒装句，把它,还原成正常语序应该是：,Our alumina from home,and abroad are,the ceremony of the,50th Anniversary this morning.,所以此题应该,选,C,项,attending,作谓语动词的一部分。,C,6.(2009,上海,30)Sallys never seen a play in the,Shanghai Grand Theatre,?,A.hasnt sheB.has she,C.isnt sheD.is she,解析,句中出现了否定副词,never,因此这是一个否,定句，故在变反意疑问句时要用肯定形式，故可,排除,A,、,C,；又因为,Sallys,是,Sally has,的缩写，即,是现在完成时态，故选,has she,。,B,7.(2009,上海,38)Hearing the dog barking,fiercely,away,.,A.fleeing the thief,B.was fleeing the thief,C.the thief was fleeing,D.fled the thief,解析,away,置于句首时，句子应用全部倒装语序。,A,项不是完整的句子；,B,项倒装语序不正确；,C,项是,正常语序，此三项可排除。,D,8.(2009,江西,27)It was he came back from,Africa that year,he met the girl he,would like to marry.,A.when;thenB.not;until,C.not until;thatD.only;when,解析,从题干以及选项的特点可以判断出此题是,强调句，强调的是,not.until,引导的时间状语从,句，再根据强调句的特点可以断定此题应该选,C,。,C,9.(2009,江西,35)Some of you may have finished,Unit One.,you can go on to Unit TwoA.If you may B.If you do,C.If notD.If so,解析,句意为：你们当中可能有些人已经结束了第,一单元，如果这样的话你们可以开始第二单元。,so,代替前句意思的肯定情况，而,not,代替前面意思,的否定情况。,D,10.(2009,四川,2)He told us whether,a,picnic was still under discussion.,A.to haveB.having,C.haveD.had,解析,whether,可与不定式搭配，意为“是否去做,某事”。句意为：他告诉我们是否去野餐还在讨,论中。,A,11.(2009,四川,16)Not until I came home last,night,to bed.,A.Mum did goB.did Mum go,C.went MumD.Mum went,解析,not until,引导的时间状语从句置于句首,时，主句用部分倒装结构。,B,12.(2009,辽宁,34)Its the first time that he has,been to Australia,?,A.isnt heB.hasnt he,C.isnt itD.hasnt it,解析,句意为：这是他第一次去澳大利亚，是,吗？该句主语和谓语动词分别是,it,和,is,，所以反,意疑问部分用,isnt it,。,C,132009,福建,25)For a moment nothing,happened.Then,all shouting together.A.voices had come,B.came voices,C.voices would come,D.did voices come,解析,当某些副词如,then,now,here,there,up,等,置于句首时，句子要用完全倒装形式。,B,14.(2009,浙江,4)Ive read another book this,week.,Well,maybe,is not how much,you read but what you read that counts.A.thisB.that,C.thereD.it,解析,分析答语句子结构可知此处构成,It,is.that.,强调句型，被强调部分是,not how,much you read but what you read,。,D,15.(2009,重庆,33)Unsatisfied,with the,payment,he took the job just to get some,work experience.,A.though was heB.though he was,C.he was thoughD.was he though,解析,句意为：尽管他对报酬不满意，但为了得,到一些工作经验他还是接受了那份工作。,Though,引导从句时，可用倒装也可不用，而本句中表语,形容词提到了句首，为倒装形式，语序为：,adj./adv./n./,动词原形,+though+,主语,+,谓语，,故选,B,。,B,倒装,1.,以,there,here,now,then,such,引导的,引起人们注意的招呼句,要全部倒装。,There goes the bell.,铃响了。,Here comes the bus.,车来了。,Now comes your turn.,轮到你了。,2.,表动态的状语，置于句首时，句子要全部倒装。,Off went the horse.,马跑了。,In came the teacher.,老师进来了。,3.,表地点的词语置于句首或强调地点概念时全部倒装。,On the table were some flowers.,桌子上有一些花。,Between the two buildings stands a tall tree.,在两幢楼之间有一棵大树。,注意：,当句子的主语有人称代词担当时，句子不倒装，如：,Here it is./Away they went.,4.,否定词,never,seldom,hardly,scarcely,barely,rarely,little,not,nowhere,by no means,at no time,neither,nor,等放在句首时，句子常用部分倒装。,By no means shall we give up.,无论如何我们都不会放弃。,Neither will theory do without practice,nor will practice do without theory.,理论离不开实践，实践也离不开理论。,5.,在,not only.but also.,no sooner.than.,hardly.when.,scarcely.when.,not until.,so.that.,such.that.,句型中，主句用部分倒装，从句不倒装，但要注意：,neither.nor.,连接句子的主语时前后两个分句都倒装。,Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news,When he began to cry.,他一听到这个消息就哭了。,Such great progress did he make that he was praised.,他取得了如此大的进步以致于受到了表扬。,6.only,放在句首修饰状语时要部分倒装。,Only in this way can you work out the problem.,只有用这种方法你才能解决问题。,7.so,neither,nor,放在句首时，表示主语与前面的主语状态相同时，用部分倒装。,8.,表语、状语或动词原形,+as/though+,主语,+,其他时，句子要倒装。,Hero as he is,he still has shortcomings.,尽管他是一个英雄，但是他也有缺点。,Much as I like it,Ill not buy it.,尽管我很喜欢它，但我不会买。,Pretty as she is,she is not proud.,尽管她很漂亮，但她一点也不自负。,Try as he would,he might fail again.,尽管他还会试，但可能还会失败。,9.however,放在句首时，形容词或副词跟在,however,后用倒装句式。,However difficult it is,Ill work it out on time.,不管它有多难，我都会按时完成。,强调句型,1.,被强调的代词格应与原句一致；被强调的部分如果是原句的主语，,who(that),后的谓语在人称和数上应与原句的主语一致。,It is Zhang Yimou that(who)stars the film,Curse of the Golden Flower,.,是张艺谋导演的,满城尽带黄金甲,这部影片。,2.,如果原句是一般疑问句，强调结构用“,Be+it.that(who).?”,形式；如果原句是特殊疑问句，则用“特殊疑问词,+be+it.that(who).形式。,When was it that the Iraq War broke out?,伊拉克战争是何时爆发的？,3.,如果原句中含有“,not.until”,在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词,not,连同状语一起提前。,It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.,直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是一位著名的电影明星。,4.,被强调部分句子可能较长或有一个以上的强调成分，对此就应注意识别、应用。,It was she who was lying in the corridor and the stranger who bent over her.,是她躺在过道上，是那个陌生人俯视她。（此句有两个被强调部分：一个是,she,一个是,the stranger,）,祈使句,1.,一般不出现主语,you;,为了加强语气或特别指明向谁提出命令或要求时，需加主语“,you”,有时还可同时加呼语。如：,Tom,you water the flowers!,2.,特别注意“祈使句,+and/then/or+,陈述句”这一句型。,感叹句,1.What+a/an+,形容词,+,单数可数名词,+,主语,+,谓语！,2.What+,形容词,+,复数名词,+,主语,+谓语！,3.How+,形容词,/,副词,+,主语,+,谓语！,4.How+,形容词,+a/an+,单数可数名词,+,主语,+,谓语！（有时,how,直接修饰谓语动词：,How+,主语,+,谓语！）,反意疑问句,反意疑问句的一般应用规则是：前肯定后否定；前否定后肯定。但以下几种特殊情况应特别注意：,1.,当陈述部分的主语是“,I dont think,（,suppose,believe,）,+that,从句”结构时，疑问部分的主语和谓语需和从句中的主语和谓语在人称和数上一致，并用肯定形式。,I dont think he can finish the work,can he?,我认为他不能完成工作，他能吗？,2.,当陈述部分有情态动词,must,时：,（,1,）,must,表示“有必要”时，附加疑问部分则用,neednt,。,You must go home right now,neednt you?,你必须立刻回家，难道不是吗？,（,2,）当,must,用来对现在的情况进行“推测”时，疑问部分的谓语要根据,must,之后的动词采用相应的形式。,You must be tired,arent you?,你一定累了，是吗？,（,3,）,must,可表示对过去的情况进行推测（,must+have+,过去分词），若强调对过去情况的推测（一般有表示过去的时间状语），疑问部分的谓语动词用“过去式的助动词,+,主语”；若强调动作的完成（一般没有过去时间状语），疑问部分的谓语动词用“,havent,（,hasnt,）,+,主语”。,He must have met her yesterday,didnt he?,他昨天一定见过她，不是吗？,You must have seen the film,havent you?,你一定看过这部电影，不是吗？,3.,当陈述部分有,seldom,hardly,few,little,no,never,nothing,nobody,nowhere,等否定词时，疑问部分要用肯定形式。当陈述部分的谓语是带有否定词缀（前缀或后缀）的动词时，疑问部分仍用否定结构。,She hardly knows French,does she?,她一点也不懂法语，是吗？,He is unfit for his office,isnt he?,他不适合这份工作，是吗？,4.,当陈述部分为祈使句时，应注意：,（,1,）如果祈使句为肯定式，疑问部分用肯定式或否定式均可。如果为否定式，疑问部分只能用肯定式。,Pass me the book,will you/wont you?,递给我那本书，好吗？,Dont speak aloud any more,will you?,不要再大声说话了，好吗？,（,2,）祈使句若是以,let,开头的句子，表示“建议”（包括说话人和听话人双方）时，疑问部分用,shall we;,表示“请示”（不包括听话人）时，疑问部分用,will you,。,Lets go home now,shall we?,我们回家吧？,Let us help you,will you?,让我们来帮助你吧？,省略,1.,在,when,unless,while,if,though,as long as,whenever,wherever,as soon as,等词引导的状,语从句中，若从句主语和主句一致，且从句中包含,be,或从句中是“,it is+adj.”,时，用连词直接跟分词或,adj.,等这一结构。在,than,或,as.as,引导的从句中，常会有一些成分在上、下文清楚的情况下被省略。,He has made greater progress than(he did)before/ever.,他比以前取得了很大进步。,2.,虚拟语气中条件从句的连接词,if,的省略。如果非真实条件从句中有,had/should/were,那么可以把,had/should/were,提到句首，而省掉连词,if,。,Had he arrived there,he would have telephoned me.,如果他到那里了，他一定会给我打电话的。,替代,1.,名词性替代词主要是,one/ones,，分别代替可数名词的单复数。,2.,动词性替代,（,1用,do,的各种形式来替代实义动词，若及物，须跟宾语。,She plays the piano better than Mary does(plays)the guitar.,她钢琴弹的比玛丽的吉他弹得好。,（,2,）用,do so,的各种形式来替代动宾结构，或动状结构。,He smokes a lot.Does his brother do so?(do so=smoke a lot),他抽烟很凶。他兄弟也这样吗？,3.,分句性替代,so,和,not,与,believe,think,expect,imagine,suppose,hope,hear,be afraid,fear,call,tell,等词连用代替句子。,Will it rain today?,今天会下雨吗？,I hope not/so.(I hope it wont rain.),我希望不会。,4.,动词不定式,to,的替代,动词不定式,to,替代承前的内容，可用于下列词的相关结构中：,（,1,）形容词：,afraid,glad,happy,be willing to,be able to,etc.,（,2,）动词：,like,love,expect,manage,try,hope,pretend,wish,refuse,agree,want,afford,fail,forget,remember,used tohave to,etc.,（,3,）带补语的动词：,tell,ask,order,allow,permit,expect,wish,force,warn,forbid,persuade,etc.,He doesnt visit me as much as he used to.,他不像以前那样经常来看我了。,注意：,若承前省略的不定式内容是,be,或作助动词用的,have,时，,to,后要保留,be,或,have,。,Are you a college student?,你是大学生吗？,No,but I want to be.,不是，但我想自己是。,插入语,插入语可能是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。插入语的主要形式有：,1.,常用作插入语的副词有：,indeed(,的确），,certainly,（当然），,surely,（无疑地）,however,（然而）等。,2.,形容词及词组作插入语。,Strange to say,she hasnt got my letter up to now.,说也奇怪，她到现在还没有接到我的信。,3.,常用作插入语的介词短语有：,in short,（简言之），,of course,（当然），,in general,（一般说来），,in fact,（事实上），,in other words,（换句话说），,in a word,（总之），,in a few words,（简言之）等。,4.,常用作插入语的分词短语有：,strictly speaking,（严格地说）,generally speaking,（一般地说），,judging from.,（根据,判断）等。,5.,常用作插入语的不定式短语有：,so to speak,（可说是），,to be sure,（无疑地），,to sum up,（概括地说），,to tell the truth,（老实说）等。,6.,句子作插入语的有：,I am sure,（可以肯定地说），,I believe,（我相信），,I think,（我想），,I suppose,（我猜想），,that is,（或,ie.,）（也就是说），,as we know it,（就我们所知），,as I see it,（照我看来）等。,7.,以一般疑问句形式构成的插入句用于特殊疑问句中。,How do you think heat is different from temperature?,你认为热和温度有什么不同？,What would you suggest we should do today?,今天我们做什么，你有什么建议？,从上面两句可看出，插入句都以一般疑问句的形式出现，插在疑问词之后，而特殊疑问句本身的主语、谓语仍用陈述句的语序，没有倒装现象。,not until,的误用,(2008,陕西，,7)Not until the motorbike looked almost new,repairing and cleaning it.,A.he stoppedB.did he stop,C.stopped heD.he did stop,考生易误选,A,项或,C,项。分析题干可知，句首有否定词“,Not,”,横线处应用倒装结构，故选项,B,为本题的正确答案。,【,解题探究,】B,。,not until,结构用于倒装句型中的主要形式为：,Not until+,表示时间的词或从句,+,部分倒装结构。该结构有如下特点：（,1,）,not until.,部分位于句首；（,2,）部分倒装结构中无否定性结构；（,3,）当,until,后接从句时，且,not until.,位于句首时，那么主句要倒装，从句不倒装（如本题）。,not until,结构用于强调句型是高考英语中的常考问题。它的主要形式有：（,1,）,It+be+not until+,状语,+that+,其他；（,2,）,It+be+not until+,从句,+that+,其他。,It wasnt until nearly a month later that I received the managers reply.,差不多一个月后，我才收到经理的答复。,It wasnt until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks that I found we had a lot in common.,直到我们在一起待了几个星期我才发现我们之间有很多共同之处。,多种倒装结构的易错点,Only when the fire was under control,to,return to their homes.,A.the residents would be permitted,B.had the residents been permitted,C.would the residents be permitted,D.the residents had been permitted,考生易误选,B,项。分析句子结构可知，本题是对倒装结构的考查。根据语法知识可知，“,only,+,状语”位于句首时，其后的句子要采用倒装结构，故选项,A,和,D,可以首先被排除。在时间状语从句中，当从句用一般过去时态时，主句要用过去将来时态，故选项,C,为本题的正确答案。,【,解题探究,】C,。当“,only+,状语”位于句首时，其后的句子要用倒装结构。该结构中的状语通常由副词、介词短语和状语从句（如本题）充当。该语法点是高考英语中的常见考点。,Only if you eat the correct foods will you be able to keep fit and stay healthy.,只有你吃对食物，你才能保持健康。,Only by keeping down costs will Power Data has its advantage over other companies.,只有降低成本，,Power Data,公司才能比其他公司有优势。,2.If Joes wife wont go to the party,.,A.he will eitherB.neither will he,C.he neither willD.either he will,考生易误选,A,。,Neither,是一个否定词，当它位于句首时，其后的句子要采用倒装结构。故选项,B,为本题的正确答案。,【,解题探究,】B,。（,1,）“,neither+,助动词,+,主语”表示“,也不,”,，其前的句子为一个否定的句子，且该助动词时态与其前一句话中的动词时态一致，这里的,neither,可以用,nor,来替换。,（,2,）“,so+,助动词,+,主语”表示“,也,”,，其前的句子为一个肯定的句子，该助动词时态与其前的句子中的谓语动词时态一致。“,so+,主语,+,助动词”表示“,确实如此”，用法同“,so+,助动词,+,主语”结构用法，只是含义不同。,3.At the foot of the mountain,.,A.a village liesB.lies a village,C.does a village lieD.lying a village,本题是对完全倒装结构的考查。考生易误选,C,。题干中的“,At the foot of the mountain,”,是一个表示地点的介词短语，当它位于句首时，其后的句子要采用完全倒装结构，故,B,项为本题的正确答案。,【,解题探究,】B,。常见的完全倒装结构在高考英语中有两种：,（,1,）当表示地点的介词短语位于句首时，其后的句子要采用完全倒装结构。,In the dark forests lie many lakes,some large enough to hold several English towns.,在黑暗的森林里有许多湖泊，其中有一些有几个英国城镇那么大。,（2）当here,there,in,out等副词位于句首，其后的谓语动词为come,go等时，句子通常采用完全倒装结构。,Out rushed the boy.,那男孩冲出来了。,注意：,当主语为人称代词时，不用倒装结构。,Out he rushed.,他冲出来了。,4.I have been living in the United States for,twenty years,but seldom,so lonely as,now.,A.have I felt,B.I had felt,C.I have felt,Dhad I felt,考生容易忽视,seldom,而误选,C,项。题干中的,seldom,为一个否定词，位于分句句首，其后的句子应采用倒装结构。再由题目中的,have been living,与,now,可知，,A,项为本题的正确答案。,【,解题探究,】A,。当否定词或否定性短语位于句首时，其后的句子应采用倒装结构。常用的否定词或否定性短语有：,not,never,seldom,rarely,hardly,scarcely,barely,by no means,in no way,little,few,no sooner,等。,Never in my wildest dreams could I imagine these people are living in such poor conditions.,就算在最荒诞的梦里，我也绝不会想到这些人竟然生活得这么贫困。,Ive tried very hard to improve my English,but by no means is the teacher satisfied with my progress.,我一直非常努力地去提高我的英语水平，但是老师根本不满意我的进步。,强调句型易错点,It was only with the help of the local guide,.,A.was the mountain climber rescued,B.that the mountain climber was rescued,C.when the mountain climber was rescued,D.then the mountain climber was rescued,本题是对强调句型的考查。考生很容易将其误认为是倒装句，而选,A,项。,only with the help of the local guide,为被强调的部分，故选项,B,为本题的正确答案。,【,解题探究,】B,。强调句型的基本结构为：,It be+,被强调的部分,+that/who+,其他。在去掉,It be,和,that/who,后，剩下的部分可以组成一个成分不缺、意思完整的句子。,省略结构的易错点,（,2008,福建，,30,）,Who should be,responsible for the accident?,The boss,not the workers.They just carried,out the order,.,A.as toldB.as are told,C.as tellingD.as they told,本题考查的是从句的省略问题。考生易错选,B,项或,D,项，原因是没有掌握好从句的省略问题。在主从复合句中，当从句的主语与主句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语动词中有,be,动词时，从句中的主语和,be,动词可以同时省略。该类问题是高考英语中常考的热点题，应引起考生的重视。,【,解题探究,】A,。本题中的,as told,的完整形式为,as they were told,故选项,A,为本题的正确答案。,反意疑问句的易错点,I wish I could go to study in the USA,?,A.dont IB.may I,C.do ID.shouldnt I,高考考查反意疑问句时除了考查一些常规的句子外，还往往考查一些特殊的反意疑问句。比如：带有主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，表示看法的动词后面接宾语从句时的反意疑问句，含有否定意义的词的反意疑问句，,there be,句型的反意疑问句等。解答这类题目最好的办法就是熟悉各种类型反意疑问句的构成。,【,解题探究,】B,。“,I wish.”,的反意疑问句中的附加疑问句部分要用,may I,。,(2009,济南二次统考,)So you have met Maria?,Yes,it was last week,we attended,Jacks party.,A.whereB.when,C.thatD.why,解析,句意为：,那么你已经见过,Maria,了？,是的，（我们）是在上周我们参加,Jack,的聚会时（认识的）。,B,2.(2009,金丽衢十二校二次联考,)Was it,it,snowed last night,he didnt come?,A.because;whenB.why;that,C.that;becauseD.because;that,答案,D,解析,考查强调句。强调句的基本结构是：,It,is/was+,被强调部分,+that+,其他部分。,3.(2009,温州二次调研,)So difficult,it to,work out the problem that I decided to ask,Tom for advice.,A.I did findB.I have found,C.have I foundD.did I find,解析,考查倒装结构。在,so/such.that,结构,中，,so,或,such,位于句首加强语气时句子用倒装。,D,4.(2009,温州二次调研,)The subway,timetables are well planned in Norway.,Seldom,wait very long.,A.one does have to,B.does one have to,C.one has to,D.has one to,解析,该题考查倒装。当否定副词位于句首时，,句中要用部分倒装形式，即将助动词提前，故,B,项,正确。,B,5.(2009,安徽名校联考（二）,Will the bad,weather affect their plan?,Well,no sign that the explorers would,give up their attempt.,A.it isB.it has,C.there isD.it seems,解析,考查句型,There is no sign that.,。句,意为：,坏天气会影响他们的计划吗？,嗯，没有什么迹象表明这些探险者会放弃他们的,尝试。,C,6.(2009,皖南八校三次联考,)We all wonder,the relationship between France and,China is good again now.,Because the two countries have common,national benefits.,A.why it is thatB.why it is,C.that it is whyD.it is why,解析,这里是强调句的特殊疑问句形式作宾语。,A,7.(2009,皖南八校三次联考,)So hard,that,he can go to an ideal university.,A.studied TomB.did Tom study,C.does Tom studyD.studies Tom,解析,在“,so.that.”,句型中，当“,so+,形容词,/,副词”提前到句首时，后面的句子要部分倒装。,C,8.(2009,合肥三次质检,)It was not what he,said but,he said it that hurt my feelings.A.thatB.what,C.howD.whether,解析,考查名词性从句。这是一个强调句，强调,的是主语，,he said it,基本句意完整，所以用表,示方式的,how,来引导。,C,9.(2009,苏锡常镇四市学情调查,)Its crazy of,you to spend more time playing computer,games than you,studying.,A.areB.doC.haveD.will,解析,考查替代。,than,引导的比较句中常使用